Perjuangan wanita dalam novel surat-surat perempuan Johor

Novel berunsur sejarah berjudul Surat-Surat Perempuan Johor (2005) merupakan novel tentang sejarah negeri Johor yang ditulis oleh Faisal Tehrani dan memenangi tempat ketiga dalam Sayembara Menulis Sejarah Johor. Novel ini memaparkan tentang peristiwa sejarah negeri Johor yang berlatar belakangkan Majalah Ahkam Johor, proses pemodenan Johor oleh Sultan Abu Bakar dan Sultan Ibrahim, hubungan erat antara Johor dan Turki serta cita-cita untuk mengenepikan sekularisasi. Justeru, objektif kajian ini ialah mengkaji perjuangan wanita sebagai wakil golongan yang dijajah untuk menulis semula sejarah negeri Johor yang dikatakan telah dipalsukan oleh Inggeris. Bagi mencapai objektif ini, kaedah analisis tekstual digunakan untuk mengkaji novel Surat-Surat Perempuan Johor untuk meneliti sejarah negeri Johor yang telah dibenamkan oleh Inggeris pada masa pemerintahan Sultan Abu Bakar dan Sultan Ibrahim. Faisal Tehrani menerusi watak Ungku Nur menempelak Barat yang telah melenyapkan banyak peristiwa tentang sejarah Johor dengan menampilkan dan menulis semula sejarah negeri Johor. Penulisan semula sejarah ini merupakan satu cara golongan yang dijajah untuk bangkit menentang penjajah. Kajian mendapati, negeri Johor pernah melaksanakan pemerintahan Islam suatu ketika dahulu dan Majalah Akham Johor dijadikan panduan dalam pemerintahan. Namun, Inggeris telah mencampuri pemerintahan sultan pada masa itu dan dipaksa untuk menerima undang-undang sekular Inggeris. Sedikit demi sedikit pengaruh Inggeris telah mengambil tempat dalam pentadbiran Johor sehingga pemerintahan Islam yang pernah diamalkan di negeri Johor kurang diketahui oleh generasi pada masa kini

Similarities in stakeholder identification of restoration targets in a semiarid area

Ecological restoration is a suitable tool to revert the decline in the provision of ecosystem services in semiarid areas. Stakeholder opinion has been increasingly incorporated in ecological restoration strategies. However, the debate still exists whether the opinion of scientists and managers should be integrated together with that of local stakeholders in the decision making process. We assessed the restoration priorities in a semiarid area in North Morocco according to the opinion of 67 stakeholders, including scientists and managers, direct users and collaborators. The questions consisted in (i) ranking five categories of services in addition to economic benefits, and in (ii) comparing pairs of services within each category. We checked for both cardinal and ordinal inconsistency. The results showed an overall consensus about regulating and supporting services as the most valuable categories. More specifically, the most important services were erosion and flood control, soil fertility, water supply and species richness. The accuracy of the responses of the three groups was similar as the consistency for their judgments was not significantly different. Our results bring additional proof that the opinion of scientists, managers and local stakeholders should be considered of similar interest and accuracy when defining the most suitable restoration objectives.The research was carried out in the University of Abdelmalek Essaadi (Tétouan, Morocco) and the University of Alicante (Spain) and was funded by the projects SEMER (AECID: Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo, Programa de Cooperación Interuniversitaria AECI-PCI AP/040315/11), RESEP2B (University of Alicante) and UNCROACH (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; CGL2011-30581-C02-01), in collaboration with the Forest Administration of Al Hoceima in N Morocco

New Approaches To Chalcogenide Materials For Thermoelectrics: Lead Telluride-Based Nanostructures And Facile Synthesis Of Tetrahedrite And Doped Derivatives

The overall purpose of this work is to address several of the roadblocks to use of thermoelectric materials for generation of electricity, namely inefficient processing of materials and low performance, commonly rated by the figure of merit, ZT=T2/tot. The ZT includes as the Seebeck coefficient, as electrical resistivity, T as the average temperature, and tot as total thermal conductivity. tot is the sum of electronic charge carrier (C) and lattice (L) contributions to thermal conductivity. Attempts to increase ZT in the literature to values \u3e1 have focused on decreasing the thermal conductivity via nanostructuring or optimizing the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient by doping. In this work, two separate approaches are taken to tackle these issues: (1) Target higher ZT by assembling lead telluride (PbTe) nanoparticles from a multi-gram synthesis utilizing ligand stripping techniques or deliberately including discrete lead sulfide (PbS) NCs. (2) Develop a rapid, convenient synthesis of tetrahedrite (Cu12Sb4S13). Approach (1): Nanostructuring of PbTe and PbTe–PbS. Nanostructured PbTe and nanocomposites of PbTe–PbS are hypothesized to increase ZT by lowering thermal conductivity, while ligand stripping of PbTe NCs by sulfide or iodide is expected to increase ZT because it has been demonstrated to increase electrical conductivity in thin films of PbS. A new synthesis is in demand because mixing PbTe and PbS NCs requires that the PbTe be dispersible, and literature syntheses of such NCs suffer from small yields (\u3c 200 mg). Thus, applications of dispersible PbTe NCs are largely limited to thin films. The ZT values of these thin films are not reported due to difficulty in quantifying thermal conductivity. In the dissertation research, nanostructured PbTe pellets are prepared by hot-pressing PbTe NCs after either mixing with PbS NCs by incipient wetness, or ligand stripping with sulfide salt, iodide salt, or both. The PbTe NCs themselves are prepared in multi-gram quantities by hot-injection methods in solution. The NCs are characterized for crystallinity by powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The size and morphology of the NCs are probed via Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and their composition is determined by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The thermoelectric properties are studied on hot-pressed pellets of each sample. Approach (2): Developing a facile route to tetrahedrite and doped derivatives. Tetrahedrite is exciting the thermoelectric community due to its lack of rare or toxic elements, the tunability of its electronic properties by doping, the ability to dope by ball-milling with the plentiful natural mineral, and the ability to achieve a ZT of unity. However, the natural mineral is unsuitable on its own due to an excess of natural dopant, and reported tetrahedrite syntheses require heating at high temperature 650 °C in a three day process followed by two weeks of heating at 450 °C. This work establishes a new synthesis amenable to industrial production that reduces the heating time from over 2 weeks to 2 days for simultaneous batch production at moderate temperature (155 °C for one day and 430 °C for 30 min, cooling naturally). The tetrahedrite powder is prepared from chloride-free metal salts and thiourea by solvothermal methods and characterized by XRD for crystallinity. The composition is determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma analysis. Products from multiple batches are mixed by ball-milling alone or combined with the natural mineral as a means to dope with Zn2+ as a solid solution. The resulting powder is then hot-pressed to pellet form for thermoelectric characterization. The tetrahedrite is also doped in-situ by zinc over a range of 0.79 to 1.40 mol equivalents using chloride-free metal salts

Novel Popular Islami Indonesia Dan Malaysia: Satu Kajian Generik Dan Psikologi Islam

Novel popular Islami yang muncul di Indonesia dan Malaysia mutakhir ini telah menggunakan unsur Islam sebagai satu ciri penting di dalamnya. Sejauhmanakah unsur Islam itu mempunyai kedudukan yang penting di dalam novel-novel ini? Apakah ia satu genre yang mempunyai identiti yang tersendiri yang boleh diperikan? Permasalahan-permasalahan ini menjadi satu titik tolak untuk kajian ini dilakukan. Objektif kajian ini ialah mengenal pasti ciri genre novel popular Islami dengan menggunakan pendekatan generik yang dibangunkan berasaskan teks (struktur luaran dan dalaman) dan konteks iaitu pembaca, penerbit dan pengarang. Objektif kedua iaitu menganalisis genre novel popular Islami Indonesia dan Malaysia untuk meneliti unsur Islam dan komersialisme (unsur sensasi) dalam membentuk genre novel popular Islami ini. Objektif ketiga pula ialah menganalisis pola fitrah manusia yang berkaitan dengan akhlak, akidah dan ibadah dalam novel popular Islami bagi meneliti unsur Islamnya dengan lebih jelas dan sistematik dengan kritikan fitrah. Objektif terakhir iaitu membandingkan novel popular Islami dari Indonesia dan Malaysia dari segi struktur luaran iaitu tajuk, ilustrasi, blurb, tagline dan struktur dalaman seperti tema dan persoalan, watak dan perwatakan, teknik penyampaian dan membandingkan pola fitrah watak dengan kritikan fitrah untuk melihat persamaan dan perbezaan. Bagi mencapai objektif-objektif ini, dua pendekatan digunakan iaitu teori generik dan kritikan fitrah

Integration of stakeholder choices and multi-criteria analysis to support land use planning in semiarid areas

The ecosystem services concept is increasingly considered as a policy tool to achieve the sustainable use of natural resources. However, it is still not sufficiently integrated into land use planning. We assessed five land use types (Tetraclinis articulata woodlands, Pinus halepensis plantations, Shrublands, Cereal-almond crops and Cactus groves) in a semiarid area of northern Morocco using empirical data on 17 ecosystem services whose weights were established by 67 stakeholders. The analysis included MCA and direct ranking of the five land uses. Three groups of stakeholders (scientists and managers, collaborators, and direct users of natural resources) were particularly concerned by water supply, protection against erosion and floods, soil fertility and food provision. Multi-criteria analysis showed that the three groups concurred in that Tetraclinis woodlands, crops and cactus fields were the most suitable land uses for the area, regarding ecosystem service provision. Direct ranking confirmed this tendency but showed some divergence between the three groups, as collaborators and users were more inclined towards crops and cactus. The integration of the ecosystem services concept in land use planning is needed to be more practical and easily perceived as a logical response to environmental exigencies and social aspirations.The work was carried out in the University of Abdelmalek Essaadi (Tétouan, Morocco) and the University of Alicante (Spain), and was funded by the projects SEMER (AECID: Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo, Programa de Cooperación Interuniversitaria AECI-PCI AP/040315/11), RESEP2B (University of Alicante), UNCROACH and TERECOVA (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; CGL2011-30581-C02-01 and CGL2014-52714-C2-1-R)

Fitrah manusia: Analisis terhadap novel ayat-ayat cinta 2 karya Habiburrahman El-Shirazy

Habiburahman El-Shirazy is an Indonesian novelist who writes novels with Islamic messages. Among his noteworthy works are Ayat-Ayat Cinta, Ketika Cinta Bertasbih 1, Ketika Cinta Bertasbih 2, Pudarnya Pesona Cleopatra, Di Atas Sajadah Cinta, Dalam Mihrab Cinta, Cinta Suci Zahrana, Ayat-Ayat Cinta 2, Bumi Cinta dan Api Tauhid. This research will examine one of his novels, ‘Ayat-Ayat Cinta 2’, using a method to study works based on Islam known as a fitrah criticism of Sohaimi Abdul Aziz's views. Employing a textual analysis, the study focuses on the author-created characters and characterizations. The study indicates that the moral character pattern dominates the entire narrative when the author emphasizes human nature that tends towards goodness and nobility. It was also demonstrated that the human nature that possesses Asmaul Husna’s attributes can manifest them in themselves. The core pattern of religion, which is to recognize God’s uniqueness, may be noticed in the characters’ Islamic faith beliefs. Several characters return to the fitrah of a Muslim, demonstrating the probable Islamic, holy, and safe aspect of fitrah, as understood by fitrah's critics. The pattern of fitrah connected with worship also suggests that the featured characters are aware of their nature that was created to worship God. The findings of the analysis indicate that the author has successfully employed three patterns in Islamic teachings, namely belief, worship, and morals, to develop a character who adheres to the Islamic faith and can serve as a role model for the readers to be good believers

Manifestasi alam sekitar dalam tiga karya Faisal Tehrani: Perspektif Ekologi Sastera

Karya sastera mempunyai kaitan yang cukup rapat dengan alam dan alam merupakan sumber utama dalam proses penciptaan sesebuah karya sastera. Kaitan antara alam dengan karya sastera ini diteliti dalam novel karya Faisal Tehrani yang bertajuk Bila Tuhan Berbicara (2007), Tunggu Teduh Dulu (2008) dan Bahlut (2010) bagi menganalisis manifestasi alam sekitar yang terdapat karya-karya tersebut. Kaedah analisis kandungan (content analysis) digunakan untuk mendapatkan gambaran manifestasi alam dengan lebih terperinci. Pendekatan ekologi sastera digunakan untuk menganalisis manifestasi alam sekitar dalam novel-novel tersebut dengan memberi perhatian kepada ekologi alam yang menekankan kepada dua aspek, iaitu penekanan terhadap alam sebagai inspirasi karya sastera dan pembelaan terhadap alam akibat perbuatan manusia yang dikenal sebagai kajian eko kritik. Berdasarkan analisis ekologi sastera sebagai inspirasi karya sastera dalam ketiga-tiga novel kajian didapati bahawa manifestasi alam sekitar seperti alam sebagai latar penceritaan terserlah dalam ketiga-tiga novel. Alam sebagai sumber kehidupan manusia (sumber ekonomi) pula dapat dilihat dalam Tunggu Teduh Dulu dan Bahlut manakala alam sebagai bukti ketakjuban manusia kepada Pencipta terserlah dalam novel Tunggu Teduh Dulu dan Bila Tuhan Berbicara. Melalui kritikan eko, didapati hanya novel Bahlut memperlihatkan adanya bentuk kritikan ekologi terhadap aktiviti pembalakan haram yang menyebabkan kerosakan alam berlaku seperti pencemaran sungai, pemendapan sungai dan pencemaran sungai. Isu pencemaran alam dan kegiatan pembalakan haram yang ditampilkan oleh pengarang dalam novel Bahlut merupakan isu global yang penting dan wajar ditangani dalam usaha menyelamatkan bumi daripada segala bentuk kerosakan oleh tangan-tangan manusia yang rakus. Implikasi kepada dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa alam sangat penting untuk dijaga kerana alam menyediakan sumber kehidupan kepada manusia. Manusia dan alam saling memerlukan dan saling bergantung antara satu sama lain. Pencemaran alam akan mengganggu gugat kesejahteraan manusia dan perkara ini wajar ditangani bagi memelihara ekosistem dan kehidupan manusia

Functional traits determine plant co-occurrence more than environment or evolutionary relatedness in global drylands

Plant–plant interactions are driven by environmental conditions, evolutionary relationships (ER) and the functional traits of the plants involved. However, studies addressing the relative importance of these drivers are rare, but crucial to improve our predictions of the effects of plant–plant interactions on plant communities and of how they respond to differing environmental conditions. To analyze the relative importance of – and interrelationships among – these factors as drivers of plant–plant interactions, we analyzed perennial plant co-occurrence at 106 dryland plant communities established across rainfall gradients in nine countries. We used structural equation modelling to disentangle the relationships between environmental conditions (aridity and soil fertility), functional traits extracted from the literature, and ER, and to assess their relative importance as drivers of the 929 pairwise plant–plant co-occurrence levels measured. Functional traits, specifically facilitated plants’ height and nurse growth form, were of primary importance, and modulated the effect of the environment and ER on plant–plant interactions. Environmental conditions and ER were important mainly for those interactions involving woody and graminoid nurses, respectively. The relative importance of different plant–plant interaction drivers (ER, functional traits, and the environment) varied depending on the region considered, illustrating the difficulty of predicting the outcome of plant–plant interactions at broader spatial scales. In our global-scale study on drylands, plant–plant interactions were more strongly related to functional traits of the species involved than to the environmental variables considered. Thus, moving to a trait-based facilitation/competition approach help to predict that: (1) positive plant–plant interactions are more likely to occur for taller facilitated species in drylands, and (2) plant–plant interactions within woody-dominated ecosystems might be more sensitive to changing environmental conditions than those within grasslands. By providing insights on which species are likely to better perform beneath a given neighbour, our results will also help to succeed in restoration practices involving the use of nurse plants

Kehormatan dan maruah dalam ngayau ii karya Amil Jaya

Kehormatan atau harga diri menjadi intipati utama yang cuba dipaparkan oleh Amil Jaya dalam novel Ngayau II. Novel ini merupakan novel keempat yang ditulis oleh Amil Jaya atau Ismail Abbas selepas Cerah, Ngayau dan Bagaton. Ngayau II terbit pada tahun 2015 merupakan rentetan kisah ngayau yang berlaku di Sarawak tetapi latarnya lebih memfokuskan tradisi ngayau yang berlaku di Sabah suatu masa dahulu. Makalah ini menggunakan kaedah analisis teks menggunakan pendekatan kehormatan oleh Ali Jarishah (1990). Menurut Ali Jarishah, terdapat tujuh jenis kehormatan, iaitu kehormatan darah, harta benda, maruah, perpecahan, kezaliman, wanita dan amanah. Berdasarkan kajian ini, didapati terdapat empat jenis kehormatan yang terdapat dalam novel ini, iaitu kehormatan mempertahankan darah (nyawa), kehormatan harta benda, kehormatan mempertahankan maruah serta kehormatan wanita. Masyarakat peribumi khususnya etnik Bajau berusaha untuk mempertahankan kehormatan dan maruah mereka daripada diganggu gugat oleh lanun dan etnik Dayak yang sering mengganggu ketenteraman kampung mereka