Center Vortices, Area Law and the Catenary Solution

We present meson-meson (Wilson loop) correlators in Z(2) center vortex models for the infrared sector of Yang-Mills theory, i.e., a hypercubic lattice model of random vortex surfaces and a continuous 2+1 dimensional model of random vortex lines. In particular we calculate quadratic and circular Wilson loop correlators in the two models respectively and observe that their expectation values follow the area law and show string breaking behavior. Further we calculate the catenary solution for the two cases and try to find indications for minimal surface behavior or string surface tension leading to string constriction.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1508.07596; text overlap with arXiv:hep-lat/0406022, arXiv:0906.1294 by other author

Confining Bond Rearrangement in the Random Center Vortex Model

We present static meson-meson and baryon--anti-baryon potentials in Z(2) and Z(3) random center vortex models for the infrared sector of Yang-Mills theory, i.e., hypercubic lattice models of random vortex world-surfaces. In particular, we calculate Polyakov loop correlators of two static mesons resp. (anti-)baryons in a center vortex background and observe that their expectation values follow the minimal area law and show bond rearrangement behavior. The static meson-meson and baryon--anti-baryon potentials are compared with theoretical predictions and lattice QCD simulations.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figure

Right of Issuing Bank to be Subrogated to the Applicant of Letter of Credit Under the Insurance Contracts

This article discusses the case where the efforts of the issuing bank prove futile to recovering the payment - paid to the beneficiary - from the applicant of the letter of credit. In particular, when the sold goods - the subject matter of the letter of credit - received damaged or lost. This scenario is envisaged when the applicant refuses to make the payment imposed under the letter of credit. The necessity of discussing this matter is to clarify whether or not the issuing bank can be subrogated to the beneficiary’s rights acquired under insurance contract. The analysis will focus on the English law and Uniform Customs & Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP600), in order to illuminate the legal grounds on which the issuing bank can stand so as to enjoy such rights, through which the paid fund can be reimbursed

A customised scale for measuring retail service quality in a college shop: a context specific approach

The purpose of this research was to modify an existing scale to measure retail service quality in a college shop. This scale was modified based on the retail service quality scale (RSQS) to make it more contexts specific and culturally sensitive for the retail college shop (Al Waha) at Dubai Women‘s College. It also explores the relationship between the new retail service quality dimensions and overall service quality, satisfaction, loyalty and frequency of visits. A total of 424 completed questionnaires obtained from Al Waha customers was used in the analysis for the main study. Principal component analysis was used for scale reduction and multiple regression analysis was used to find associations. The new modified scale (Al Waha scale) resulted in 22 items across four dimensions: interaction quality, physical aspects, policy and understanding and caring which is a new dimension. The results confirm the association between the four new service quality dimensions and overall service quality, satisfaction, loyalty and frequency of visits. The results disclose the importance of age when evaluating physical aspects and caring and commitment dimensions. The study was performed among a very specific demographic sample; generalizations could only be made to similar college shops. Therefore, testing the modified model in other shops outside of the colleges is an area for future research. By modifying the RSQS scale to be context specific to retail shops in Dubai, this study provides an incremental step towards other scales in the region. This reveals that there are associations between Al Waha scale dimensions and overall service quality, satisfaction, loyalty and frequency of visits. Also, it indicated the importance of age when customers‘ evaluate physical aspects and caring and commitment dimensions. This scale gives managers a tool to improve service quality at their shops in order to become more competitive