Effect of Land Use Types on Selected Soil Physical and Chemical Properties at Sire Morose Sub Watershed, Central Highland of Ethiopia

Information about effects of different land use types on soil physical and chemical properties is crucial for best land management practices. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of land use type on selected soil physical and chemical properties at sire morose sub watershed Hidbu abote district Ethiopia. Three land use types were selected from the sub watershed (Forest, grazing and cultivated land). Undisturbed core and disturbed composite soil samples were collected randomly from three sites with three replications from each land use type at two varying depths (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm) and subjected to laboratory soil analysis. Accordingly, the highest mean value sand and clay were recorded in the surface soil of grazing  and  cultivated land respectively. The mean bulk density of the soils ranged from 0.94 to1.4g cm-3 and the mean total porosity ranged from 52.95 to 64.53%, which indicate good soil structure. The pH ranged from 5.9 to 6.19 while the mean value of OM range from 1.03 to 5.2%. However, the mean value of total  N range from 0.09 to 0.25%. The mean value of available P ranged from 17.67 to 24.8 mg/kg, which implies high available P in the study area. The exchangeable basic cations and CEC values were within medium to high ranges in all land use types. Most of the physical and chemical properties of the soils of the study area were distinctly influenced by the different land use types, whereby the conversion of natural ecosystem into crop/cultivated land ecosystem resulted generally in deterioration of the soil physicochemical properties. Keywords: Soil physicochemical properties, forestland, grazing land, cultivated land DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/14-7-01 Publication date:May 31st 202

Determination of NPS Fertilizer Rate on Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) in Yaya Gullele District of North Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

Inappropriate crop management practices are among the key elements that contributed to the low production of wheat. Moreover, the application of balanced fertilizers and nutrient requirements of the crop is the basis to produce more crop yield from the land under cultivation. Hence, a field experiment was conducted in the 2020 & 2021 main cropping season to determine the NPS fertilizer rate in relative to determined the P-critical and P-requirement factor for wheat and to estimate the economically feasible NPS fertilizer rate for higher yield of wheat in Yaya gulale District. Accordingly the result indicated that, plant height was not significantly (P > 0.05 ) influenced by the NPS fertilizer rate but spike length, biomass, and grain yield were highly significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the NPS fertilizer rate. The highest plant height (86.72cm), spike length (6.57cm), biomass yield (12163kg ha-1) and grain yield (3327 kg ha-1) of wheat were recorded by the application of 75% P-critical from NPS fertilizer rate supplemented with recommended Nitrogen whereas, the lowest value was recorded from the field without fertilizer which was significantly inferior to all other treatments. Furthermore, the economic analysis indicates that, application of NPS fertilizer at the rate of 75% P-critical in NPS fertilizer with recommended Nitrogen fertilizer (92 kg N ha-1) for the production of wheat was more economically beneficial for the district. In conclusion, farmers and other end users could be advised to use 75% PC from NPS fertilizer rate with recommended nitrogen for wheat production in the district and other areas having similar soil types and agro- ecology

Dual Contraceptive Utilization and Associated Factors among People Living with HIV Attending ART Clinic in Fitche Hospital, Ethiopia

Background: HIV/AIDS continues to have disastrous medical, economic, social, and physical impacts on individuals, their communities and the nations of the world. Sub-Saharan Africa is at the epicenter of the epidemic and continues to carry the full brunt of its health and socioeconomic impact. Dual protection is a strategy that prevents both unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV, is emerging as an important preventive approach in reproductive health. Evidence relating to dual contraceptive utilization and reproductive intentions among PLHIV is rare, despite the fact that more than 80% of PLHIV are of reproductive age. The aim of the study was to determine dual contraceptive utilization and associated factors among PLHIV attending ART clinic in Fitche Hospital. Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study design with both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods was employed from February21-April 20th, 2013. The study participants were selected by using simple random sampling technique. A pre- tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify associated factors. Result:-The prevalence of dual contraceptive utilization of PLHIV in Fitche Hospital was 81(32%) with 95% CI of (26.4% -38.2%) had dual contraceptives users by themselves or their partners. With regarding to married/cohabited partner’s HIV status 143(70.4%) were HIV-Positive (concordant) and 60(29.6%) were Negative (discordant). This study identified that factors found to be associated with dual contraceptive utilization were:− Age at first marriage &lt; 18 years (Early marriage) [AOR = 3.44,95% CI: 1.27- 9.29)], had more than 4 biological living children [AOR =10.24, 95% CI: 1.29- 81.06)], faced pregnancy since HIV diagnosis[AOR =2.05, 95% CI: 1.78- 5.46)],had no fertility desire [AOR = 8.58, 95% CI: 3.42- 21.52)] and had sexual practiced with Husband/wife [AOR =4.9, 95% CI: 1.59- 15.07)]were some of the factors significantly associated with dual contraceptive utilization Conclusion: The prevalence of dual contraceptive utilization of PLHIV in Fitche Hospital was 81(32%).In this study:- Age at first marriage, biological living children, pregnancy since HIV diagnosis, fertility desire and  sexual practiced were demonstrated significantly associated with dual contraceptive utilizations among PLHIV, therefore, these factors should be emphatically considered during PLHIV’s reproductive health program development Keywords: Dual contraceptive utilization, People living with HIV, Fitch

Determination of NPS Fertilizer rate the Yield and Yield Components of Teff [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] in Kuyu District North Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

Tef is the main staple food of Ethiopia. It ranks first among cereals in the country in area coverage and second in production volume; however, its productivity is almost stagnant. The Degim Tef variety was sown during the main cropping season of 2020 and 2021 in the kuyu District, Northern Oromia, and Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to determine the NPS fertilizer rate relative the determined P-critical and P-requirement factors for tef and to estimate the economically feasible NPS fertilizer rate for higher yield of tef in kuyu District. Accordingly, statically analysis of variance showed that plant height, panicle length, biomass, and grain yield were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by NPS fertilizer rate with N fertilizer. The highest plant height (83.59 cm), of tef was recorded from the application of 75% P-critical from NPS fertilizer rate with recommended nitrogen panicle length (29.05cm), biomass yield (7509 kg ha-1) and grain yield (1635 kg ha-1) of tef were recorded from the application of 100% P-critical from NPS fertilizer rate supplemented with recommended Nitrogen whereas, the lowest value was recorded from the field unfertilized which was significantly inferior to all other treatments. Furthermore, the economic analysis showed that the application of NPS fertilizer at the rate of 100% P-critical from NPS fertilizer with recommended nitrogen fertilizer (92 kg N ha-1) for the production of tef was more economically beneficial for the district. Moreover, farmers and other end users could be advised to use 100% PC from NPS fertilizer rate with recommended nitrogen for tef production in the district and other areas having similar soil type and agro- ecology

Impact of land use land cover change onwoody species Diversity in gechi district of buno bedele zone, Southwest ethiopia

Globally, the alarming rate of deforestation and land use land cover changes are among the most significant drivers of environmental degradation and biodiversity loss. The study area has been influenced by rapid population growth, agricultural land expansion, deforestation, and poor management practices. This research aimed to assess the impact of land use and land cover changes on woody species diversity within the area. The study utilizing the cross-sectional research design. The study corporate both primary and secondary data including satellite imagery from 1983,1993,2003,2013 and 2023 sourced from USGS.A multi stage random sampling techniques was employed. The accuracy of LULC maps demonstrated a categorization accuracy between 85% and 93% with kappa coefficient exceeding 0.8, indicating strong agreement with the ground truth data

Prevalence and predictors of cigarette smoking among adolescents of Ethiopia : school based cross sectional survey

A disproportionate share of the global tobacco burden falls on developing countries, where 84% of the 1.3 billion people current smokers reside. This study aims to assess the prevalence and associated factors of cigarette smoking among adolescents of Ethiopia where the prevalence rate is increasing in its spread, the gap between male and female is decreasing, and exposure to environmental tobacco exposure is widespread. The government of Ethiopia should legislate, enact, and enforce laws that decrease accessibility of cigarettes, ban smoking in public places, and prohibit tobacco advertisement in media and movies. Moreover adolescents of the country should be educated in the dangers of tobacco use

Removal Of Dyes From Aqueous Solution Using Locally Available Adsorbent: Barley (Hordeum Vulgare) Bran And Ensete Ventricosum Midrib Of Leaf

The dis-charge of textile effluents in to water bodies has become a serious environmental problem. Based on this idea, focusing the environmental issue and economic point of view, the use of, low cost and eco-friendly agricultural by-products were investigated for removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution. In this study, the usage of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) bran & Ensete ventricosum midrib of leaf as adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution has been investigated. Some physico-chemical properties of the adsorbents were determined, such as porous characteristics, surface area, surface functional group & point of zero charge. The batch adsorption studies of methylene blue carried out by Barley bran & Ensete ventricosum midrib of leaf independently and three main factors such as contact time, effect of pH & effect of initial concentration were used to optimize the best of adsorption efficiency for methylene blue removal adsorption processes. The surface area measured by Sear method was 26.2 m 2 /g and 20.344m 2 /g respectively, for both adsorbent. The optimum adsorption of methylene blue on Barley bran & Ensete ventricosum midrib of leaf were 96.3% & 97.4%, at pH 5.07 & natural pH 5.66, adsorbent dose 0.1g, concentration of methylene blue 10mg/L, contact time 4 h & 1 h, respectively. The experimental result has been fitted well by Langmuir isotherm model for both barley bran & Ensete ventricosum midrib of leaf. Moreover adsorption kinetics were determined using pseudo first order and pseudo second order models and it was found that the adsorption process follows the pseudo second order model for both barley bran & Ensete ventricosum midrib of leaf. The adsorbents used were locally available and could be taken as low-cost adsorbents for the removal of cationic (basic) dyes in wastewater treatment. Thus, this low-cost, effective removal method may solve the problem of industrial wastewater through adsorptive removal of dy

Practice of Instructional Supervision and Relationship with School Performance in Secondary School of Kaffa Zone.

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between practices of instructional supervision relation with the school performance. To this end, co-relational design was used and both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed. 159 teachers selected by simple random sampling, 10 primary school principals, 4 supervisors and 4 woreda education office experts and 1 (one) zone education department expert were selected by purposive sampling and used as primary sources of data. Secondary data sources were documents from Woreda and zone feedbacks that given in different times. Data for the study were collected through practice questionnaire, interview and document analysis. The questionnaire were based on the tasks of promoting instruction, staff development, curriculum development and action research. After the completion of the questionnaires were returned with a return rate of 100% .The data collected were analyzed by using Mean and Standard deviation by SPSS statics version 23. The findings of this study revealed that there is accepted relationship between practice of instructional supervision and school performance. To promote instructions regular observation in the teaching learning process in continuously, evaluate and analyze the target of students achievements; based on the self assessment tasks to improve teachers performance, upgrade technical and professional assistance to teachers, engage teachers in in-service training and; develop understanding on curricular development less effort by organizing seminars and workshops for in-service training program. Finally to strength the above instructional supervision, not only instructional principals and supervisors but also woreda and zone officials must have strength a positive and strong relationship of instructional practice with the school performance by developing stockholders understanding on instructional tasks to achieve expected goal of the schools

Informal land access for housing and associated settlement developments in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia

Bahir Dar city, a rapidly urbanizing city in Ethiopia, faces acute housing and urban land demand, resulting in the prevalence of informal land acquisition and housing development. Therefore, this study aims to examine the informal land acquisition for housing in Bahir Dar, resulting in informal settlement expansion, focusing on the conditions, contributing factors, participants, and procedures of informal land transaction settlements. Data were collected by interview from purposefully selected key informants, including land sellers, buyers, brokers, urban land administrators, and code enforcement officers, supplemented by field observations and desk reviews. The study reveals that informal land transactions are the primary means of urban land acquisition for housing in Bahir Dar city, especially in peri-urban rural expansion areas, because the formal system of land access lags far behind. The key causes for this are high urbanization rates, inefficient urban land administration, which fails to supply formal residential plots, and low compensation payments to peri-urban landholders. Peri-urban farmers are the leading land sellers, inner-city residents in rental homes are the primary buyers, and brokers facilitate the transactions, with local administrators often legitimizing informal acquisitions. The study recommends that the government improve the efficiency of formal urban land supply and provide affordable housing to alleviate informal land developments and settlements

Community based integrated vector management for malaria control : lessons from three years’ experience (2016–2018) in Botor-Tolay district, southwestern Ethiopia

BACKGROUND : Integrated vector management (IVM) remains a key strategy in the fight against vector-borne diseases including malaria. However, impacts of the strategy should be regularly monitored based on feedback obtained through research. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of IVM for malaria control in Botor- Tolay district, southwestern Ethiopia after three years (2016–2018) of IVM implementation. Method: Prior to the implementation of IVM, a survey of socio-demographic, malaria burden, and communities’ perception towards malaria control was conducted in 200 households selected at random from 12 villages using standard questionnaire. Households were revisited after three years of project implementation for impact assessment. Compiled malaria case data was obtained from district health bureau for the three years period of the study while adult mosquito collection was conducted during each year using CDC light traps. Monthly larval mosquito collections were made each year using standard dipping method. Community education and mobilization (CEM) was made through different community-based structures. RESULTS : The proportion of respondents who sought treatment in health facilities showed a significant increase from 76% in 2015 to 90% in 2018(P < 0.001). An average of 6.3 working and 2.3 school days were lost per year in a household due to parents and children falling sick with malaria. Malaria costs in a household in Botor-Tolay averaged 13.3 and 4.5 USD per episode for medical treatment and transportation respectively. Significantly fewer adult mosquitoes were collected in 2018 (0.37/house/trap-night) as compared to 2015 (0.73/house/trap-night) (P < .001). Malaria cases significantly declined in 2018 (262) when compared to the record in 2015 (1162) (P < 0.001). Despite improved human behavioral changes towards mosquito and malaria control, there were many setbacks too. These include reluctance to seek treatment in a timely manner, low user compliance of LLINs and low net repairing habit. CONCLUSION : The coordinated implementation of community-based education, environmental management, larviciding together with main core vector control interventions in Botor-Tolay district in Southwestern Ethiopia have contributed to significant decline in malaria cases reported from health facilities. However, commitment to seeking treatment by people with clinical symptoms of malaria and to repair of damaged mosquito nets remained low.Additional file 1. Cross sectional Survey Questionnaire.Biovision Foundationhttps://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.comam2020School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH