Energy Savings Modeling and Inspection Guidelines for Commercial Building Federal Tax Deductions, Second Edition

This document provides guidance for modeling and inspecting energy-efficient property in commercial buildings for certification of the energy and power cost savings related to Section 179D of the Internal Revenue Code enacted in Section 1331 of the 2005 Energy Policy Act and noted in Internal Revenue Service Notice 2006-52. Specifically, Section 179D provides federal tax deductions for energy-efficient property related to a commercial building's envelope; interior lighting; heating, ventilating, and air conditioning; and service hot water systems

The mathematical simulation of the temperature fields of building envelopes under permanent frozen soil conditions

The physical-mathematical model of the thermal state of the aired technical underground taking into account the air exchange and design features of construction under permanent frozen soil conditions has been suggested. The computational scheme of the temperature fields prediction of building envelopes of projected buildings and soil under and nearby buildings has been developed. The numerical simulation of the temperature fields of building envelopes changes was conducted during a year. The results of the numerical simulation showed that the heat coming from the technical undergrounds and through the walls does not influence the temperature field of the soil neither under a building nor at a distance from it

Inclusive Development and Efforts to Improve Community Economy in Indonesia

Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the extent to which infrastructure development in Indonesia has a positive impact on an area, where the impact is not only seen from an economic perspective but also from a sociocultural and environmental perspective in the region. A systematic literature review was used as a method in this study to show various cases of infrastructure development and the impacts that occur in each of these development activities. Several cases from South Sumatra, East Kalimantan, East Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, and Papua were used in this paper to demonstrate the impact of inclusive and sustainable development on equity efforts in Indonesia comprehensively. The results of this study show a positive relationship between each case, where inclusive development can strengthen a region’s potential. Community involvement during and after development has a positive impact, either directly through the employment opportunities provided, or indirectly through economic potentials, such as post-development business development. Some factors to consider include the role of the government and development implementers in increasing community participation in all development activities in their area, where there are still some unresolved coordination issues.

PENGARUH DOSIS PUPUK NPK DAN POC URINE KELINCI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays saccharata L.)

ABSTRAKJagung manis banyak digemari sebab mempunyai rasa lebih manis, beraroma lebih harum dan bergizi lebih tinggi. Pemupukan yang dilakukan petani selama ini terlalu banyak menggunakan pupuk anorganik yang tidak sesuai dosis. Metode ini tidak efektif dan mengganggu keseimbangan sifat-sifat tanah sehingga menurunkan produktivitas tanaman dan menghasilkan residu yang berbahaya bagi ekosistem. Untuk mengurangi ketergantungan pada pupuk anorganik perlu pengaplikasian pupuk organik. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) faktorial. Faktor pertama yaitu dosis pupuk NPK (N) dengan taraf 5 g/tanaman, 10 g/tanaman dan 15 g/tanaman. Faktor kedua yaitu dosis POC urin kelinci dengan taraf yaitu 150 ml/tanaman, 225 ml/tanaman dan 300 ml/tanaman. Kontrol dibuat dengan pemberian pupuk NPK 100% tanpa POC urin kelinci. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwasa tidak terdapat interaksi antara kombinasi perlakuan dosis pupuk NPK dengan POC urin kelinci terhadap semua parameter pengamatan. Masing-masing perlakuan dosis pupuk NPK 15 g/tanaman maupun faktor tunggal pada perlakuan dosis POC urin kelinci 300 ml/tanaman pada tanaman jagung manis memberikan hasil tertinggi pada parameter jumlah daun, panjang tanaman, diameter batang, bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot dan diameter tongkol. Tetapi semua perlakuan tersebut belum dapat menyamai hasil yang diperoleh perlakuan kontrol dosis pupuk NPK 20 g/tanaman (dosis anjuran 100%).  ABSTRACTSweet corn is popular because it has a sweeter taste, has a more fragrant aroma and more nutritious. Fertilization carried out by farmers so far uses too much inorganic fertilizer which is not in the appropriate dosage. This method is ineffective and disrupts the balance of soil properties, thereby reducing plant productivity and producing residues that are harmful to the ecosystem. To reduce dependence on inorganic fertilizers, it is necessary to apply organic fertilizers. The research used a factorial randomized block design (RAK). The first factor was the dose of NPK (N) fertilizer with levels of 5 g/plant, 10 g/plant and 15 g/plant. The second factor was the dose of rabbit urine POC with levels namely 150 ml/plant, 225 ml/plant and 300 ml/plant. Controls were made by recommended 100% NPK fertilizer without rabbit urine POC. The results of the study showed that there was no interaction between the combination of treatment doses of NPK fertilizer and rabbit urine POC on all observed parameters. Each treatment with an NPK fertilizer dose of 15 g/plant and the single factor treatment with a rabbit urine POC dose of 300 ml/plant on sweet corn plants gave the highest results in the parameters of number of leaves, plant length, stem diameter, cob weight without husk and cob diameter. However, all these treatments were not able to match the results obtained by the control treatment with an NPK fertilizer dose of 20 g/plant (100% recommended dose).Â

Energy Design Guides for Army Barracks: Preprint

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and NREL are developing target energy budgets and design guides to achieve 30% energy savings. This paper focuses the design guide for one type of barracks called unaccompanied enlisted personal housing

Evaluation Framework and Analyses for Thermal Energy Storage Integrated with Packaged Air Conditioning

Few third-party guidance documents or tools are available for evaluating thermal energy storage (TES) integrated with packaged air conditioning (AC), as this type of TES is relatively new compared to TES integrated with chillers or hot water systems. To address this gap, researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory conducted a project to improve the ability of potential technology adopters to evaluate TES technologies. Major project outcomes included: development of an evaluation framework to describe key metrics, methodologies, and issues to consider when assessing the performance of TES systems integrated with packaged AC; application of multiple concepts from the evaluation framework to analyze performance data from four demonstration sites; and production of a new simulation capability that enables modeling of TES integrated with packaged AC in EnergyPlus. This report includes the evaluation framework and analysis results from the project

Ground-Coupled Heat and Moisture Transfer from Buildings; Part1: Analysis and Modeling (preprint)

Ground-heat transfer is tightly coupled with soil-moisture transfer. The coupling is threefold: heat is transferred by thermal conduction and by moisture transfer; the thermal properties of soil are strong functions of the moisture content; and moisture phase change includes latent heat effects and changes in thermal and hydraulic properties. A heat and moisture transfer model was developed to study the ground-coupled heat and moisture transfer from buildings. The model also includes detailed considerations of the atmospheric boundary conditions, including precipitation. Solutions for the soil temperature distribution are obtained using a finite element procedure. The model compared well with the seasonal variation of measured ground temperatures

Establishing Benchmarks for DOE Commercial Building R&D and Program Evaluation: Preprint

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Building Technologies Program and the DOE research laboratories conduct a great deal of research on building technologies. However, differences in models and simulation tools used by various research groups make it difficult to compare results among studies. The authors have developed a set of 22 hypothetical benchmark buildings and weighting factors for nine locations across the country, for a total of 198 buildings

Zero Energy Buildings: A Critical Look at the Definition; Preprint

A net zero-energy building (ZEB) is a residential or commercial building with greatly reduced energy needs through efficiency gains such that the balance of energy needs can be supplied with renewable technologies. Despite the excitement over the phrase ''zero energy'', we lack a common definition, or even a common understanding, of what it means. In this paper, we use a sample of current generation low-energy buildings to explore the concept of zero energy: what it means, why a clear and measurable definition is needed, and how we have progressed toward the ZEB goal

Evaluating the Performance and Economics of Transpired Solar Collectors for Commercial Applications: Preprint

Using transpired solar collectors to preheat ventilation air has recently become recognized as an economic alternative for integrating renewable energy into commercial buildings in heating climates. The collectors have relatively low installed costs and operate on simple principles. Theory and performance testing have shown that solar collection efficiency can exceed 70% of incident solar. However, implementation and current absorber designs have adversely affected the efficiency and associated economics from this initial analysis. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory has actively studied this technology and monitored performance at several installations. A calibrated model that uses typical meteorological weather data to determine absorber plate efficiency resulted from this work. With this model, an economic analysis across heating climates was done to show the effects of collector size, tilt, azimuth, and absorptivity. The analysis relates the internal rate of return of a system based on the cost of the installed absorber area. In general, colder and higher latitude climates return a higher rate of return because the heating season extends into months with good solar resource