The AGILE Mission

AGILE is an Italian Space Agency mission dedicated to observing the gamma-ray Universe. The AGILE's very innovative instrumentation for the first time combines a gamma-ray imager (sensitive in the energy range 30 MeV-50 GeV), a hard X-ray imager (sensitive in the range 18-60 keV), a calorimeter (sensitive in the range 350 keV-100 MeV), and an anticoincidence system. AGILE was successfully launched on 2007 April 23 from the Indian base of Sriharikota and was inserted in an equatorial orbit with very low particle background. Aims. AGILE provides crucial data for the study of active galactic nuclei, gamma-ray bursts, pulsars, unidentified gamma-ray sources, galactic compact objects, supernova remnants, TeV sources, and fundamental physics by microsecond timing. Methods. An optimal sky angular positioning (reaching 0.1 degrees in gamma- rays and 1-2 arcmin in hard X-rays) and very large fields of view (2.5 sr and 1 sr, respectively) are obtained by the use of Silicon detectors integrated in a very compact instrument. Results. AGILE surveyed the gamma- ray sky and detected many Galactic and extragalactic sources during the first months of observations. Particular emphasis is given to multifrequency observation programs of extragalactic and galactic objects. Conclusions. AGILE is a successful high-energy gamma-ray mission that reached its nominal scientific performance. The AGILE Cycle-1 pointing program started on 2007 December 1, and is open to the international community through a Guest Observer Program

Consensus protocol for EEG and amplitude-integrated EEG assessment and monitoring in neonates

The aim of this work is to establish inclusive guidelines on electroencephalography (EEG) applicable to all neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Guidelines on ideal EEG monitoring for neonates are available, but there are significant barriers to their implementation in many centres around the world. These include barriers due to limited resources regarding the availability of equipment and technical and interpretive round-the-clock personnel. On the other hand, despite its limitations, amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) (previously called Cerebral Function Monitor [CFM]) is a common alternative used in NICUs. The Italian Neonatal Seizure Collaborative Network (INNESCO), working with all national scientific societies interested in the field of neonatal clinical neurophysiology, performed a systematic literature review and promoted interdisciplinary discussions among experts (neonatologists, paediatric neurologists, neurophysiologists, technicians) between 2017 and 2020 with the aim of elaborating shared recommendations. A consensus statement on videoEEG (vEEG) and aEEG for the principal neonatal indications was established. The authors propose a flexible frame of recommendations based on the complementary use of vEEG and aEEG applicable to the various neonatal units with different levels of complexity according to local resources and specific patient features. Suggestions for promoting cooperation between neonatologists, paediatric neurologists, and neurophysiologists, organisational restructuring, and teleneurophysiology implementation are provided

Cultivares de soja Macrorregiões 3, 4 e 5 Goiás e Região Central do Brasil.

bitstream/item/175678/1/catalogo-SojaGO-2018-OL.pdfCatálogo 02 publicado em março de 2018

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Measurement of Cerebro-Somatic Oxygenation Ratio (CSOR): May We Predict a Hemodynamically Significant Patent DuctusArteriosus (PDA)?

BACKGROUND: Definition of hemodynamically significant PDA (HS-PDA) is still controversial and its effects on cerebral and somatic tissue oxygenation (cSO2 and sSO2) as well as on fractional oxygen extraction (FOE) are not well known. OBJECTIVE: To use non invasive NIRS-technology in pretem infants 6433 wks GA to evaluate differences in cSO2, postductal sSO2 and FOE according to the presence of PDA. DESIGN/METHODS: cSO2 and thoraco-lumbar sSO2 were measured simultaneously using the INVOS oximeter (Somanetics) in clinically stable preterm babies and the mean values, over a 10-min period, were expressed as CSOR (=sSO2/cSO2). Cerebral and somatic FOE (cFOE and sFOE) were calculated according to the formula=(SaO2-regionalSO2)/SaO2. The presence and the flow pattern through PDA were assessed by echocardiography.Unpaired t-test was used. RESULTS: 21 measurements were performed in 14 preterm infants (mean GA 29.6\ub13.9wks, BW 1230\ub1460g, postnatal age 7.1\ub15.9 days). Mean CSOR was 1.101\ub10.127. No statistically significant differences were observed between babies with and without PDA for all parameters. Infants with pulsatile flow pattern at echocardiography (defined HS-PDA) showed an \u201cinverted\u201d CSOR<1 (mean value 0.874\ub10.076) mainly related to decrease in sSO2 while cSO2 was relatively spared. cFOE did not seem to be affected whereas a significant increase in sFOE was observed.[table1] CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm previous studies\ub9 showing higher oxygenation of somatic compared with cerebral tissue in preterms and suggest that an \u201cinverted\u201d CSOR<1 might represent a sign of HS-PDA. NIRS technology could be routinely used as a trend monitor for cSO2 and sSO2 and might help in early detection of babies who would benefit from PDA closure. Due to the small sample size further studies are needed to confirm these data and adjust results for confounders. \ub9Petrova A PediatrCritCareMed 200

Effect of Cerebral Oximetry-Guided Treatment on Brain Injury in Preterm Infants as Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging at Term Equivalent Age: An Ancillary SafeBoosC-III Study

Introduction: The SafeBoosC-III trial investigated the effect of cerebral oximetry-guided treatment in the first 72 h after birth on mortality and severe brain injury diagnosed by cranial ultrasound in extremely preterm infants (EPIs). This ancillary study evaluated the effect of cerebral oximetry on global brain injury as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at term equivalent age (TEA). Methods: MRI scans were obtained between 36 and 44.9 weeks PMA. The Kidokoro score was independently evaluated by two blinded assessors. The intervention effect was assessed using the nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum test for median difference and 95% Hodges-Lehmann (HL) confidence intervals (CIs). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the agreement between the assessors. Results: A total of 210 patients from 8 centers were included, of whom 121 underwent MRI at TEA (75.6% of alive patients): 57 in the cerebral oximetry group and 64 in the usual care group. There was an excellent correlation between the assessors for the Kidokoro score (ICC agreement: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.91-0.95). The results showed no significant differences between the cerebral oximetry group (median 2, interquartile range [IQR]: 1-4) and the usual care group (median 3, IQR: 1-4; median difference -1 to 0, 95% HLCI: -1 to 0; p value 0.1196). Conclusions: In EPI, the use of cerebral oximetry-guided treatment did not lead to significant alterations in brain injury, as determined by MRI at TEA. The strong correlation between the assessors highlights the potential of the Kidokoro score in multicenter trials