Film Growth Based on an Organic Basis for Photovoltaic p-Cells

The main measured parameters characterizing the solar cell are its photocurrent and fluorescence under the influence of electromagnetic radiation of the solar spectrum – derivatives of a number of elementary processes in the cell and determining the complex mechanism of its functioning. The main issue is to determine the allowable concentration of the polymer and the acceptor, allowing to obtain a film having a desired density and at the same time, the thickness, the optimum from the point of view of the diffusion length and the probability of dissociation of the intermediate particles with the formation of free charge carriers. From a comparison of the synthesized samples micrographs it can be concluded that the polymer concentration of 12.5 g/l gives a sufficiently dense and relatively uniform film without substantial amounts of undissolved polymer

Adaptive adult education in terms of active use of information technologies

Adaptive systems of adult education are highlighted in the paper. It is noted that the purpose of adaptive education is to create adaptive environment of adult education which can provide opportunities for anticipatory adult education, development of mobile competent, creative person, who is able to adequately respond to dynamic life situations, to effectively solve problems and achieve a certain result. In this paper the content of education is defined as pedagogically adapted social experience. It is emphasized that education helps "to enter into life" and to adapt a person in it. But to be a specific adapter, education should be adapted to the realities of a person's life, his (her) needs, which is especially important in adult education. It is theoretically proved that while incorporation into educational processes for different adult categories the necessity of adaptation arises: psychological (motivational), organizational-and-purposeful, content, technological, control-and-evaluational. It is investigated that the necessity of multilateral adaptation brought to life the concepts of "adaptive school" and "adaptive education". Basic functions, principles, technologies and factors of activization of an adult's educational-and-subjective activity are defined. It is emphasized that adaptive learning allows not only to adapt the learning process to the student, but also to ensure active involvement of the subject of study to designing of adaptive learning environment, to developing individual educational route

Film Growth Based on an Organic Basis for Photovoltaic p-Cells

The main measured parameters characterizing the solar cell are its photocurrent and fluorescence under the influence of electromagnetic radiation of the solar spectrum – derivatives of a number of elementary processes in the cell and determining the complex mechanism of its functioning. The main issue is to determine the allowable concentration of the polymer and the acceptor, allowing to obtain a film having a desired density and at the same time, the thickness, the optimum from the point of view of the diffusion length and the probability of dissociation of the intermediate particles with the formation of free charge carriers. From a comparison of the synthesized samples micrographs it can be concluded that the polymer concentration of 12.5 g/l gives a sufficiently dense and relatively uniform film without substantial amounts of undissolved polymer

Argon plasma coagulation in coloproctology: clinical experience with and prospects for the technique

Background. Rectal laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) are macroscopically divided into granular (LST-G) and non-granular (LST-NG). LST-Gs have in turn two types: homogeneous and nodular mixed.Subjects and methods. The retrospective study analyzed the data of 20 patients (11 men and 9 women) in whom homogenous LSTs were removed by argon plasma coagulation (APC). The patients» mean age was 65.8 ± 6 years. Therapeutic effectiveness was evaluated by Ki-67 proliferation index and the frequency of complications and recurrences.Results. The average size of removed homogeneous LST-Gs was 12.3 ± 3.8 cm2. The average number of APC sessions to achieve a LST-G reduction was 4.4 ± 0.9. Three days before APC, Ki-67 in the neoplasia biopsy specimens amounted to as much as 67.8 ± 4.4 % on average; it reduced to an average of 33.0 ± 3.0 % at 14 days of APC initiation, 16.5 ± 1.8 and 4.2 ± 0.4 % after 21 and 180 days, respectively.Discussion. Inability to receive complete histological data on removed LST-Gs is a main pitfall in APC.Conclusion. Stepwise tumor APC may be the method of choice in elderly and senile patients with a family history of comorbidity. APC can precisely remove LSTs along the boundary of the dentate line. This technique requires no single-use tools

Non-Destructive Approach for Determining the Activity of Difficult-to-Measure Radionuclides in SRW

An approach for determining the SRW radiation parameters based on the correlation dependencies between «difficult-to-measure nuclide» and «key nuclides» is presented. The nuclides that form the most contribution to the SRW activity generated at NPPs with PWR and BWR type have been identified

EVALUATION OF TRITIUM’S ENTRY INTO THE ENVIRONMENT FROM NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS’ EMISSIONS

This work presents the results of data collections of nuclear power plants’ distribution in the world by types of nuclear power reactors and also the generation of electricity for each reactor separately for the period 1954-2016. Based on the results, an estimate was made of tritiums’s entry into the environment for the entire operation period of the power units, taking into account its decay

POST-EVALUATION AND ESTIMATE OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE FORMATION DURING NORMAL OPERATION OF RUSSIAN NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

This work demonstrates the possibility of using the specific indicator of radioactive waste generation per unit of generated electricity (m3/GWh) for retrospective assessment and fore-casting of the volume of radioactive waste generation at Russian nuclear power plants

Аргоноплазменная коагуляция в колопроктологии: клинический опыт и перспективы метода

Background. Rectal laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) are macroscopically divided into granular (LST-G) and non-granular (LST-NG). LST-Gs have in turn two types: homogeneous and nodular mixed.Subjects and methods. The retrospective study analyzed the data of 20 patients (11 men and 9 women) in whom homogenous LSTs were removed by argon plasma coagulation (APC). The patients» mean age was 65.8 ± 6 years. Therapeutic effectiveness was evaluated by Ki-67 proliferation index and the frequency of complications and recurrences.Results. The average size of removed homogeneous LST-Gs was 12.3 ± 3.8 cm2. The average number of APC sessions to achieve a LST-G reduction was 4.4 ± 0.9. Three days before APC, Ki-67 in the neoplasia biopsy specimens amounted to as much as 67.8 ± 4.4 % on average; it reduced to an average of 33.0 ± 3.0 % at 14 days of APC initiation, 16.5 ± 1.8 and 4.2 ± 0.4 % after 21 and 180 days, respectively.Discussion. Inability to receive complete histological data on removed LST-Gs is a main pitfall in APC.Conclusion. Stepwise tumor APC may be the method of choice in elderly and senile patients with a family history of comorbidity. APC can precisely remove LSTs along the boundary of the dentate line. This technique requires no single-use tools.Введение. Горизонтально распространяющиеся стелющиеся образования (laterally spreading tumor, LST) прямой кишки макроскопически подразделяются на гранулированные (LST granular, LST-G) и негранулированные (LST non-granular, LST-NG). LST-G, в свою очередь, бывают 2 типов: однородные (homogeneous type) и однородные с узлами (nodular mixed type).Материалы и методы. Выполнено ретроспективное исследование данных 20 пациентов (11 мужчин и 9 женщин), которым за период с 2006 по 2011 г. удалили методом аргоноплазменной коагуляции (АПК, argon plasma coagulation) LST-G однородного типа. Средний возраст больных составил 65,8 ± 6 лет. Эффективность лечения оценивали по индексу пролиферации Ki-67, частоте осложнений и рецидивов.Результаты. Средний размер удаленных LST-G однородного типа был 12,3 ± 3,8 см2. Среднее количество этапов АПК для достижения редукции неоплазии типа LST-G составило 4,4 ± 0,9. Индекс пролиферации Ki-67 в биоптатах неоплазий за 3 сут до АПК достигал в среднем 67,8 ± 4,4 %, на 14-е сутки после начала АПК снижался в среднем до 33,0 ± 3,0 %, через 21 сут – до 16,5 ± 1,8 %, через 180 сут – до 4,2 ± 0,4 %.Обсуждение. Основным недостатком АПК является невозможность получения полной гистологической информации удаленных LST-G.Заключение. Этапная АПК образований может быть методом выбора у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста с наличием отягощающей сопутствующей патологии. АПК позволяет прецизионно удалять LST, распространяющиеся по границе зубчатой линии. Применение метода не требует приобретения одноразовых инструментов

CURRENT TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF REMOTE DETECTION SYSTEMS FOR IONIZING RADIATION SOURCES

The main directions of development of devices for remote detection of radioactive sub-stances in the atmosphere, measurement of parameters of regular and/or emergency gas-aer-osol emissions on varioussurfaces, which allow solving a number of unique tasks of environ-mental monitoring, are considered