Emerging Therapies in Management of Cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma is a heterogeneous group of biliary tract cancers that has a poor prognosis and globally increasing incidence and mortality. While surgical resection remains the only curative option for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma, the majority of cancers are unresectable at the time of diagnosis. Additionally, the prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma remains poor even with the current first-line systemic therapy regimens, highlighting the difficulty of treating locally advanced, metastatic, or unresectable cholangiocarcinoma. Through recent developments, targetable oncogenic driver mutations have been identified in the pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma, leading to the utilization of molecular targeted therapeutics. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the latest molecular therapeutics for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma, including emerging immunotherapies, highlighting promising developments and strategies

Current Advances in Immunotherapy Management of Esophageal Cancer

Esophageal cancer is one of the most common and deadliest cancers worldwide. Rates of esophageal cancer worldwide have been steadily rising over the past decade due to higher incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Current therapies include surgical resection, chemotherapy, and limited targeted therapies. One obstacle to care is tumor cells’ ability to evade immune surveillance, which can render certain therapeutics ineffective. Immunotherapy provides a new paradigm to cancer treatment, which has proven to be effective in evasive tumors. In recent years, PD-1/PD-L1 and CLTA-4 inhibitors have been used as frontline treatment and have shown to be extremely effective in the treatment of hard-to-treat tumors. Here, we aim to analyze the current literature regarding current therapeutics along with emerging techniques and future receptor targets for immunotherapy