Molecular characterization of chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase gene of soybean plant growth promoting bacterium Bacillus sp. SJ-5

Plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) colonize the rhizosphere of many plant species and confer beneficial effects, such as increased plant growth and reduced susceptibility to diseases caused by plant pathogenic fungi. The aim of the present study was to molecularly characterize the presence of biocontrol gene chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase of the Bacillus sp. SJ-5 to understand its role in fungal pathogen inhibition. Genomic DNA was isolated from Bacillus sp. SJ-5 and chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase gene were amplified using specific primers. On the agarose gel 402 pb and750 bp bands were detected for chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase respectively. Upon homology analysis it confirms the presence of chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase gene in SJ-5 and sequences submitted to Genbank. The study indicates the potential of this PGPB to inhibit fungal pathogen through cell wall degrading enzymes production

In vitro screening for salinity and drought stress tolerance in plant growth promoting bacterial strains

The present study was designed to elevate the in vitro bacterial mechanisms related to the plant growth promotion and their tolerance for sodium chloride (NaCl) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in culture media. Total nine bacterial strains were studied for both stress tolerance under varying concentration of NaCl and PEG. Out of them, three bacterial strains namely Pseudomonas simiae AU, P. koreensis AK-1 and Carnobacterium sp. SJ-5 were found tolerate to stress and further used for biochemical characterization of ACC-deaminase, IAA and Pi-solubilization activities under both stresses. All three strains were exhibited equal amount of Pisolubilization at each stress levels. The strain P. simiae AU significantly presented the highest ACC-deaminase activity (81 nmol/mg/h and 73 nmol/mg/h) and IAA activity (41.5 Hg/mL and 39.08 Hg/mL) at 0.4M NaCl and 10% PEG stress respectively

Benefits of retailer-supplier partnership initiatives under time-varying demand:a comparative analytical study

This paper aims to help supply chain managers to determine the value of retailer-supplier partnership initiatives beyond information sharing (IS) according to their specific business environment under time-varying demand conditions. For this purpose, we use integer linear programming models to quantify the benefits that can be accrued by a retailer, a supplier and system as a whole from shift in inventory ownership and shift in decision-making power with that of IS. The results of a detailed numerical study pertaining to static time horizon reveal that the shift in inventory ownership provides system-wide cost benefits in specific settings. Particularly, when it induces the retailer to order larger quantities and the supplier also prefers such orders due to significantly high setup and shipment costs. We observe that the relative benefits of shift in decision-making power are always higher than the shift in inventory ownership under all the conditions. The value of the shift in decision-making power is greater than IS particularly when the variability of underlying demand is low and time-dependent variation in production cost is high. However, when the shipment cost is negligible and order issuing efficiency of the supplier is low, the cost benefits of shift in decision-making power beyond IS are not significant

Microbiological and enzymatic properties of diverse Jaivik Krishi inputs used in organic farming

Jaivik Krishi is a system of production and natural agriculture free from all fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and synthetic harmful substances. Organic Farming is a method which forbids the application of synthetic inputs (such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides, feed additives, hormones, etc.) Jaivik krishi products (organic inputs) are organic formulations that boost the biological productivity of crops and the nutritional quality of vegetables and fruits. The use of Javik Krishi inputs helped in sustaining crop yields in organic nutrient management system. In the present study, various organic formulations were prepared from the various indigenous cow-products and plant based waste materials. Microbial count viz., total bacteria, fungus and actinomycetes count, and enzymatic activities viz., acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase were also evaluated in different organic liquid formulations. The average microbial count of Panchgavya (14.9x108, 5.8x105, 8x105 cfu/mL for total bacteria, fungus and actinomycetes count respectively) was highest among various Javik Krishi inputs studied followed by Dasparni. In present study, enzymatic activities of Javik Krishi inputs was directly related and corresponded to the microbial count. The enzyme activities of Panchgavya was highest (29.97, 52.10 and 66.64 μg/mL for acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase respectively) followed by Dasparni. These Javik Krishi inputs will benefit in enhancing the soil carbon content of soil and improving the soil fertility and micro-fauna

Variations in physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of water during breeding of Cyprinus carpio in a closed hatchery system

Abstract: Physico-chemical and microbial characteristics of culture water were examined during the induced breeding of Cyprinus carpio in a controlled environmental system. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate, pH, ammonia nitrogen, total bacterial count, hardness, salinity, carbonate and bicarbonate were estimated before and after spawning and hatching. Average alteration in water pH before and after spawning was 7.91-7.57 and 7.86-7.58 respectively. Total hardness, carbonate and bicarbonate showed insignificant variations. Nitrate, ammonia nitrogen and phosphate contents significantly increased after spawning and hatching p<0.05. The average increase in nitrate was from 2.94 to 8.62 µg l -1 after spawning and 3.10 to 8.49 µg l -1 after hatching. Ammonia nitrogen contents were sharply increased from an average of 0.011 to 1.87 mg l -1 after spawning and 0.013 to 0.56 mg l -1 after hatching. The average phosphates increased from 2.59 to 4.15 µg l -1 after spawning and 2.61 to 4.03 µg l There is a significant association between temperature, spawning and hatching (p<0.05). By optimizing temperature, the breeding success of this carp was achieved with a statistical significance of p<0.05. Total bacterial count was significantly increased after spawning and hatching. It was related to the amount of discharge and may cause mass mortality of fish embryo and spawn in a closed hatchery system