Orthogonal Ramanujan Sums, its properties and Applications in Multiresolution Analysis

Signal processing community has recently shown interest in Ramanujan sums which was defined by S.Ramanujan in 1918. In this paper we have proposed Orthog- onal Ramanujan Sums (ORS) based on Ramanujan sums. In this paper we present two novel application of ORS. Firstly a new representation of a finite length signal is given using ORS which is defined as Orthogonal Ramanujan Periodic Transform.Secondly ORS has been applied to multiresolution analysis and it is shown that Haar transform is a spe- cial case

Prevalence and Genotypes of Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis in Large Ruminants of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, North India

Uttar Pradesh is the fourth largest, most populous and leading milk and meat producing state in India. Despite the huge livestock population, information on the status of paratuberculosis homogeneity and heterogeneity of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) isolates of eastern Uttar Pradesh is non-existent. Present study was aimed to estimate the presence of MAP in large ruminants (Cattle and Buffaloes) of eastern Uttar Pradesh. A total 108 fecal samples were collected from farmer's herds of large ruminants (cattle and buffaloes) from different geographical regions (Chandauli, Mughalsarai, Gazipur, and Naugarh) of eastern Uttar Pradesh and screened for the presence of MAP infection using microscopic examination, direct IS900 PCR and culture on Herrold egg yolk (HEY) medium. The isolates recovered on HEY medium were subjected to molecular identification and genotyping using IS900 PCR and IS1311 PCR-REA method, respectively. Of the 108 fecal samples, 25 (23.14%) and 11 (10.18%) samples were positive for the presence of acid-fast bacilli and growth on HEY medium, respectively. Species-wise, 17.5, 7.5% and 26.5, 11.7% fecal samples from cattle and buffaloes were found positive for the presence of acid-fast bacilli and growth on HEY medium, respectively. Isolates recovered on HEY medium with mycobactin J were positive for IS900 sequence and genotyped as Bison Type using IS1311 PCR-REA method. Present study is the first report on the presence of MAP infection and ‘Bison Type' genotype of MAP in eastern Uttar Pradesh. These findings will be useful for the intervention of effective control measures in order to reduce the prevalence of MAP infection in domestic livestock species and prevent its spread to the human population in the regions

Secret Key Generation Schemes for Physical Layer Security

Physical layer security (PLS) has evolved to be a pivotal technique in ensuring secure wireless communication. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the recent developments in physical layer secret key generation (PLSKG). The principle, procedure, techniques and performance metricesare investigated for PLSKG between a pair of users (PSKG) and for a group of users (GSKG). In this paper, a detailed comparison of the various parameters and techniques employed in different stages of key generation such as, channel probing, quantisation, encoding, information reconciliation (IR) and privacy amplification (PA) are provided. Apart from this, a comparison of bit disagreement rate, bit generation rate and approximate entropy is also presented. The work identifies PSKG and GSKG schemes which are practically realizable and also provides a discussion on the test bed employed for realising various PLSKG schemes. Moreover, a discussion on the research challenges in the area of PLSKG is also provided for future research

Quantum-enhanced super-sensitivity of Mach-Zehnder interferometer using squeezed Kerr state

We study the phase super-sensitivity of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with the squeezed Kerr and coherent states as the inputs. We discuss the lower bound in phase sensitivity by considering the quantum Fisher information (QFI) and corresponding quantum Cramer-Rao bound (QCRB). With the help of single intensity detection (SID), intensity difference detection (IDD) and homodyne detection (HD) schemes, we find that our scheme gives better sensitivity in both the lossless as well as in lossy conditions as compared to the combination of well-known results of inputs as coherent plus vacuum, coherent plus squeezed vacuum and double coherent state as the inputs. Because of the possibility of generation of squeezed Kerr state (SKS) with the present available quantum optical techniques, we expect that SKS may be an alternative nonclassical resource for the improvement in the phase super-sensitivity of the MZI under realistic scenario.Comment: Comments are welcome

Effect of different combinations of plant growth regulators and assessment of clonal fidelity among in vitro raised micro-shoots of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Bhagwa

The role of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in plant development and growth is varied. However, there is currently no reported use of SNP in single or combined treatments for in vitro propagation of pomegranates. This study elaborates the role of SNP combined with different plant growth regulators (PGRs) like kinetin (Kn) and indole acetic acid (IAA) as supplementary in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media for in vitro propagation of pomegranate cv. Bhagwa using nodal segments as explants. The results revealed that treatment T9 (1.5 mg/L SNP + 1.5 mg/L Kn) resulted in the earliest shoot induction (25.03 days), the highest shoot proliferation (86.67 %) and the maximum shoot length (3.10 cm). However, treatment T8 (1.5 mg/L SNP + 1.0 mg/L Kn) produced the highest number of shoots/explant (2.60). In regards to in vitro rooting, the treatment fortified with T14 (2.0 mg/L IAA + 0.1 mg/L SNP) yielded the highest rooting frequency (100 %) with the maximum number of roots (4.77), while the treatment T15 (2.0 mg/L IAA + 0.2 mg/L SNP) exhibited earlier root initiation (13.17 days). The clonal fidelity analysis using ISSR markers revealed that the micro-propagated shoots were genetically uniform, with 88.89 % showing uniformity and a low level of somaclonal variation at 11.11 %

Weaknesses in Hadamard Based Symmetric Key Encryption Schemes

In this paper security aspects of the existing symmetric key encryption schemes based on Hadamard matrices are examined. Hadamard matrices itself have symmetries like one circulant core or two circulant core. Here, we are exploiting the inherent symmetries of Hadamard matrices and are able to perform attacks on these encryption schemes. It is found that entire key can be obtained by observing the ciphertext

Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination Among Health Care Workers in India

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 has been spread almost all over the world in the last two years, including in India. Vaccines are a critical tool in the battle against COVID-19, and India has flagged the largest vaccination drive on 16 January 2021. Although public acceptance was varying, which can lead to non-acceptance. Aim & Objective: To estimate an acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine and its associated factors. Settings and Design: An analytical cross-sectional study among health care workers in India   Methods & Material: It was conducted using a validated, self-administrated online survey questionnaire, and data were analyzed using SPSS 23 version. The outcome variable was healthcare workers’ acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. Results: A total of 450 HCWs participated, including 205(45.6%) women and 245(54.4%) men. A total of 270 (60%) subjects will accept vaccines, while 33.3% were unwilling to accept and wait for vaccines. Male gender (OR=3.14), being married and experienced (OR=11.49), vaccine effectiveness (OR=6.4), vaccine safety (OR=3.4), and past history (OR=2.28) were significantly associated. On applying logistic regression for associated factors, gender (B= -1.145, S.E.= 0.200, Wald 32.748), being married (B= -1.482, S.E.= 0.216, Wald 46.937), for experienced (B= -0.865, S.E.= 0.200, effectiveness (B= -1.856, S.E.= 0.245, Wald 57.431), Safety (B= -1.224, S.E.= 0.202, Wald 36.633) and past history (B= -0.357, S.E.= 0.248, Wald 2.071) found significant. Recommendation: Proper information is crucial and healthcare workers’ attitudes about vaccines are an important factor for acceptance and recommendation of the vaccine to the public for population-wide coverage

Compression Sensing Satellite Image Pixel Scrambling Scheme using Unique Seed Generation for Intra-Block Confusion with LP Rotation Mechanism

Without image compression, encrypted satellite image remains too large and cumbersome, making timely transmission to ground stations impractical. During transmission from space to the ground station, satellite images undergo compression to reduce bandwidth usage and encryption to safeguard data integrity and prevent unauthorized access. The unauthorized access of satellite imagery poses significant risks, including security breaches, misinformation, and compromised decision-making. To protect the integrity and confidentiality of critical geospatial data used in defense, disaster management, and environmental monitoring, robust satellite image encryption is imperative. Existing algorithms often prioritize security at the expense of processing speed or data fidelity. This paper introduces a versatile scheme for the compression and encryption of satellite images, structured in three distinct phases. In the first phase, satellite images are divided into blocks, generating unique initial conditions (seeds) for each block as security keys using the chaotic Sin map. These conditions are subsequently utilized by blockwise independent Tent Maps to produce random chaotic coefficients, enabling complex pixel scrambling through an XOR-based confusion approach. In the second phase, remote sensing images are compressed using the first-level Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT1), maintaining image fidelity. In the third phase, blockwise rotation is achieved using Lehmer PRNG (LP) to generate random numbers for circular pixel shifts, followed by classical RSA encryption applied to the rotated blocks for secure transmission. The proposed algorithm is lightweight, offering low computational complexity that is suitable for satellite systems and other imaging applications. The SinCrypTent encryption model provides a vast key space, effectively resisting brute force and other cyberattacks. Empirical validation of the model includes differential attack analysis, correlation analysis, entropy analysis, and comparative evaluation with recent state-of-the-art algorithms, demonstrating its superior efficacy in ensuring secure and efficient satellite image encryption

Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of novel series of 2-(benzylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-3-carboxamide derivatives

406-419A novel series of benzopyran-3-carboxamide derivatives have been designed and synthesized using a smooth and linear multistep synthesis. Amidation of coumarin-3-carboxylic acid with glycine ethyl ester in the presence of EDC.HCl and HOBt as coupling agent followed by the hydrolysis results in the formation of key synthon, [(2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-3-carbonyl) amino] acetic acid 7 which is further coupled with substituted aryl amines using HATU in combination with Hünig’s base to get the target compounds 8(a-h). The synthesized compounds have been screened for their in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activity and the results are expressed as MIC and IC50 values respectively. Further, the binding ability of synthesized compounds with different proteins have been examined by molecular docking studies