El derecho a la resistencia de los dominados : un ejemplo de caso: la Galicia bajomedieval

La propuesta de este artículo es presentar algunos resultados de una investigación en curso cuyo objetivo principal es examinar el derecho de resistencia ejercido por los dominados, por medio de un acercamiento teórico-documental que tendrá como ejemplo de caso la Galicia bajomedieval. Se lo abordará dentro de un amplio rango que se extiende desde las prácticas cotidianas emprendidas para preservar sus propios intereses hasta el estudio de rebeliones abiertas y declaradas, como la rebelión irmandiña de 1467-1469. Se expondrá brevemente la teoría de los tres órdenes, considerada la cosmovisión imperante en las coordenadas espacio-temporalesabordadas. Posteriormente se estudiarán los problemas enunciados por medio del análisis e interpretación de diversas fuentes.The purpose of this article is to show some of the results of an investigation in progress that pretends to examine the right of resistance exercised by the subjugated people, through a theoretical-documentary approach that uses as example of case the late medieval Galicia. It will be approached within a wide range that extends from the daily practices taken to preserve their own interests, to the study of open and declared revolts, such as the Irmandiño Revolt in 1467-1469. The theory of the three orders, considered as the prevailing worldview at the time, will be briefly discussed. Subsequently this problems will be studied through the analysis and interpretation ofvarious sources

O Katechon e o direito de resistência: uma aproximação a partir da Idade Média

The figure katechon is a complex and ambiguous character, based on a biblical quote taken from the Second Epistle of Paul to the Thessalonians. Expresses the power to “slow” or “holds” the coming of the Antichrist and therefore the confrontation between the forces of good and evil, which precedes the return of the Messiah and the end of the world. In this paper we build on the analysis undertaken on the concept by different contemporary thinkers. If the figure of katechon be applied in relation to the uprisings in medieval and early modern radical character as those inspired by millenarian movements, one could consider that the daily resistance of the dominated, mostly passive features, would act as a brake for the arrival of the end of the world, necessary for the advent of a new one.El katechon es una figura de carácter complejo y ambiguo, basada en una cita bíblica extraída de la Segunda Epístola del Apóstol San Pablo a los Tesalonicenses. Expresa el poder que “retarda” o “retiene” la venida del Anticristo y, por consiguiente, la confrontación entre las fuerzas del bien y del mal, que precede al retorno del Mesías y el fin del mundo. En el presente trabajo se partirá de los análisis emprendidos sobre el concepto por distintos pensadores contemporáneos. Si la figura del katechon se aplicara en relación a los levantamientos bajomedievales y de la modernidad temprana de carácter radical –como los inspirados por movimientos milenaristas– se podría considerar que la resistencia cotidiana de los dominados, de características mayormente pasivas, obraría como un freno para la llegada de ese fin del mundo, necesaria para el advenimiento de uno nuevo

La nobleza castellana bajomedieval y el rey : construcción y redistribución del poder

Se analizan las relaciones entre la nobleza y el rey en la Crónica del Rey Don Pedro de Pero López de Ayala, a la luz del modelo de estrategias de reproducción del Estado dinástico elaborado por Pierre Bourdieu. Se hace hincapié en los usos racionales de la violencia que rigen las conductas tanto del rey como de los nobles, especialmente en la construcción y redistribución del poder.It discusses the relationships between the nobility and the king in the Chronicle of King Don Pedro by Pero Lopez de Ayala, in light of the model reproductive strategies of the dynastic State developed by Pierre Bourdieu. Emphasis is placed on the rational use of violence that govern the conduct of both the king and the nobles, especially in construction and redistribution of power

EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PERMAINAN EDUKATIF PADA PEMBELAJARAN PAI DALAM MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi suatu permasalahan yang berkenaan dengan motivasi belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran PAI, sehingga memerlukan adanya media oleh pendidik untuk mengurangi rasa bosan dalam belajar. Dari latar belakang tersebut peneliti mencoba menggunakan media permainan edukatif dalam pembelajaran PAI pada materi tajwid “Waqaf” dan “Sejarah perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan Islam”. Fokus masalah penelitian ini adalah “Bagaimana efektivitas media permainan edukatif dalam pembelajaran PAI untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa?” Hipotesis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan penggunaan media permainan edukatif akan meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa secara signifikan. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode kuasi eksperimen jenis Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan teknik Sampling Purposive yang teknik penentuan sampel dengan pertimbangan tertentu. Teknik pengumpulan data diperoleh dengan menggunakan skala likert, sedangkan teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis inferensial dengan menguji normalitas, homogenitas, hipotesis dan efektivitas melalui bantuan software SPSS versi 21. Dari hasil pengolahan data diketahui bahwa pretest skor motivasi belajar sebelum diberikan treatment dalam kategori tinggi dengan rata-rata 226,5 untuk kelas eksperimen dan kategori sedang dengan rata-rata 218,4 untuk kelas kontrol. Hasil posttest skor motivasi belajar menurun setelah dilaksanakan treatment, dengan perolehan masing-masing 221,6 untuk kelas eksperimen dan 216,92 untuk kelas kontrol. Berdasarkan Independent Sample T-Test pada pretest Sig. (2-tailed) (0,101) > ∝ (0,05) maka Ho ditolak, sehingga H1 diterima. Sedangkan untuk hasil posttest diperoleh nilai Sig. (2-tailed) (0,360) ∝ (0,05) maka Ho ditolak, sehingga H1 diterima. Sedangkan untuk hasil posttest diperoleh nilai Sig. (2-tailed) (0,360) < ∝ (0,05) jadi Ho ditolak, sehingga H1 diterima yang berarti media permainan edukatif tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa pada pembelajaran PAI.;--- The background of this research was the issue pertaining to students’ learning motivation in Islamic Education teaching and learning that needs media provided by teachers in order to decrease their bored in learning. Departing from this, the researcher attempted to use educative games/media in Islamic Education teaching and learning in the materials of tajwid “Waqaf” and Islamic science history. The research focused on “How effective is the use of educative games/media in improving students’ learning motivation in Islamic Education teaching and learning?”The hypothesis used in the research was using educative learning/media will improve students’ learning motivation significantly. The research employed quantitative approach using quasi-experimental method of nonequivalent control group design. The samples were taken using purposive sampling, namely a technique of sample determination using certain consideration. Data were gathered using Likert scale, while data analysis techniques employed consisted of descriptive and inferential analyses by testing the normality, homogeneity, hypothesis, and effectiveness through the aid of SPSS software version 21. From data analysis, it was found that the pretest score of learning motivation before treatment was applied were in the high category with an average of 226,5 for the experimental class and the medium category with an average of 218,4 for the control class. The posttest score decreased after treatment, with an average of 221,6 for the experimental class and 216,92 for the control class, respectively. Based on Independent samples T-Test, the Asymp. Sig (2-tailed) for pretest was 0,101 < α (0,05), meaning that Ho was rejected, so that H1 was accepted. Meanwhile, the Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) for posttest score was (0,360) < α (0,05), which meant Ho was rejected; hence, H1 was accepted, which is translated as the use of audio-visual aids/media had not a significant influence on the improvement of students’ interest in the teaching and learning of Islamic Education

EVALUASI KELAYAKAN PEMBERIAN KREDIT BAGIUKM DEBITUR PT BANK JATIM MALANG

This research represent research of case study at PT Bank Jatim of Malang and UKM Debitor PT Bank Jatim of Malang. Writer in conducting this research take title that is " Evaluation Elegibility Gift of Credit To UKM Debitor PT Bank Jatim of Malang". Target of this research is to know how to elegibility gift credit to UKM debitor PT Bank Jatim of Malang. Evaluation elegibility gift of credit to UKM debitor PT Bank Jatim of Malang conducted for year 2006 and 2007 by using assessment of credit guarantee and principle 6C. This guarantee in the form of liquid asset or estae remain to. Principle 6C which consist of Character, Capacity, Capital, Collateral, Condition of Economy, and Constraint. This research, writer take hypothesis that is: that UKM Debitor PT Bank Jatim of Malang given by competent credit. Assessment of credit guarantee assessed pursuant to Market Value that is minimizing 130% from raised credit plafond. This guarantee in the form of liquid asset or fixed asset. Liquid asset in the form of account receivable, supply, marketable securities. Fixed asset to in the form of building, landground, machine, equipments, or vehicle. This research is conducted by UKM debitor PT Bank Jatim of Malang by using method interview with owner of UKM and employees PT Bank Jatim of Malang. Second method through documentation in the form profile of UKM and client data and also data about credit activity. Its target to know competent or no the UKM given by credit. Result of analysis the research can know that competent debitor accept credit. Raised guarantee value exceed to cover ratio equal to 130% from credit plafond which have been specified by side of PT Bank Jatim of Malang. Second assessment pass credit principle 6C to see the effort which is run as according to principle 6C standard PT Bank Jatim of Malang. Conclusion this research that PT Bank Jatim of Malang in determining decision channeling its credit have executed assessment credit guarantee and principle 6C. UKM Debitor PT Bank Jatim of Malang competent given credit. Value guarantee credit the raised have exceeded to cover ratio which have been specified by bank side and Principle 6C is equal to Principle 6C standard PT Bank Jatim of Malang. Writer of this research implication pursuant to conclusion that management better PT Bank Jatim of Malang expected to consider in decision making channeling and extension credit UKM. Management UKM Debitor PT Bank Jatim of Malang expected to consider raising credit and extension application credit to be raised hereinafter so that can maintain trust of bank to client if will take a credit kredit. The next writer result of this research can be made by reference in research hereinafter and expected by researcher use other analyzer in evaluating credit which have been channelled

Centro de negocios Puente Aranda

Trabajo de gradoEl proyecto surge ante la necesidad de la falta de espacios modernos y tecnológicos para ciudad de Bogotá como capital de nuestro país, encontramos muchos lugares edificios para encuentros de desarrollo económico pero no un proyecto con la capacidad de lograr acoger a ciudadanos empresarios logrando darles una mayor globalización a nivel tecnológico para el desarrollo de eventos de grandes magnitudes. Tomamos como pregunta base, ¿Cómo lograr incluir en la ciudad de Bogotá un elemento arquitectónico que logre impulsar el sector empresarial a nivel tecnológico? Para el desarrollo de nuestro proyecto necesitamos lograr encontrar la mayor información de centros de negocios hoy en día en el mundo para lograr así llevar a cabo un la ciudad de Bogotá un escenario q logre cumplir con lo que se necesita hoy en día a nivel mundial. Se tienen en cuenta el desarrollo de la ciudad y el enfoque global que queremos darle a nuestro proyecto debemos ver que Bogotá acoge con cierta eficacia una multiplicidad de formas de vida, de estructuras organizativas, de modos de producción, de diversidad étnica y cultural, de formas de intercambio y comercio, de estilos arquitectónicos y trazos urbanísticos que dan a esa vitalidad un conjunto de características que la definen como particular o única.PregradoArquitect

Planar laser induced fluorescence for temperature measurement of optical thermocavitation

Pulsed laser-induced cavitation, has been the subject of many studies describing bubble growth, collapse and ensuing shock waves. To a lesser extent, hydrodynamics of continuous wave (CW) cavitation or thermocavitation have also been reported. However, the temperature field around these bubbles has not been measured, partly because a sensor placed in the fluid would interfere with the bubble dynamics, but also because the short-lived bubble lifetimes (∼70–200 µs) demand high sampling rates which are costly to achieve via infrared (IR) imaging. Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) provides a non-intrusive alternative technique to costly IR imaging to measure the temperature around laser-induced cavitation bubbles. A 440 nm laser sheet excites rhodamine-B dye to fluoresce while thermocavitation is induced by a CW 810 nm laser. Post-calibration, the fluorescence intensity captured with a high-speed Phantom Miro camera is correlated to temperature field adjacent to the bubble. Using shadowgraphy and PLIF, a significant decrease in sensible heat is observed in the nucleation site– temperature decreases after bubble collapse and the initial heated volume of liquid shrinks. Based on irradiation time and temperature, the provided optical energy is estimated to be converted up to 50% into acoustic energy based on the bubble's size, with larger bubbles converting larger percentages

PERBANDINGAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DENGAN NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER PADA KONSEP VIRUS

Devia Ifdiana. 2016. Perbandingan Hasil belajar siswa menggunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dengan Numbered Head Together pada konsep Virus . Dibimbing oleh . Dr. H. Toto Sutarto Gani Utari, M.Pd. sebagai Pembimbing I dan Drs. H. Ahmad Mulyadi, M.Pd. sebagai Pembimbing II. Penelitian ini berjudul “ Perbandingan Hasil belajar siswa menggunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dengan Numbered Head Together pada konsep Virus “. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi bagaimana Perbandingan Hasil belajar siswa menggunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dengan Numbered Head Together pada konsep Virus . Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu ( Quasi experiment) . Den gan desain penelitian Nonequivalent Group Design . Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X IPA SMAN Jatinangor tahun ajaran 2 016/2017 yang berjumlah sebanyak 6 kelas dengan sampel dua kelas yaitu X IPA 1 dan X IPA 2 yang ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling . Instrumen yang digunakan berupa tes obyektif berjumlah 20 soal untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa. Berdasarkan analisis data post - test dengan uji t didapatkan hasil bahwa t hit > t tab pada taraf kepercayaan 1 %, yakn i 2, 78 > 2,6 5 . Hasil tersebut menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil belajar yang menggunakan model pembelajaran Numbered Head Together dengan Problem Based Learning . Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perb edaan yang nyata atau signifikan antara p engguna an model pembelajaran Numbered Head Together d an Problem Based Learning di kelas X dalam konsep Virus . N ilai rata - rata post - test kelas yang menggunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning sebesar 80, 44 sedangkan kelas yang menggunakan model pembelajaran Numbered Head Together sebesar 7 2 , 0 5. Kata kunci : Numbered Head Together , Problem Based Learning , hasil belajar, konsep Viru

Pedro I y Enrique II de Castilla : la construcción de un rey monstruoso y la legitimación de un usurpador en la Crónica del canciller Ayala

Para justificar el enfrentamiento entre Pedro I y Enrique II de Castilla, que culmina con la muerte de un rey indiscutiblemente legítimo a manos de su hermano usurpador, el cronista Pero López de Ayala construye progresivamente una imagen negativa y en cierta manera monstruosa de Pedro I. A su vez, intenta demostrar que el conde de Trastámara no despoja a Pedro del trono por ambición personal y transgrediendo las normas, sino que se ve impelido a llevar a cabo la misión de salvar al reino de los terribles males que le ocasionan las monstruosas acciones de su hermanastro. Se analizará la contradicción que se presenta entre el retrato negativo e irracional que el canciller Ayala -uno de los mayores responsables de que Pedro I sea recordado como el Rey Cruel- construye con maestría, y lo que dejan entrever prácticas que él mismo relata. El estudio minucioso de la documentación revelaría una política de construcción de poder regio por medio de prácticas en las que intervendrían diferentes funciones de la violencia: económica, socializadora, de intercambio, simbólica, de justicia, fundacional, cultural, etc. Se presenta aquí lo que se podría denominar una dicotomía cruzada, en la que se enfrentarían dos términos internamente contradictorios: un rey monstruoso pero legítimo, contra un usurpador que es instrumento de la providencia. Lo que habría logrado la construcción emprendida por la propaganda trastamarista, de la que el canciller Ayala sería el más brillante exponente, es la conversión de un rey legítimo en ilegítimo, por obra de su propia monstruosidad, y la conversión de un usurpador que -como indica la propia calificación- es ilegítimo, en un rey legítimo, en función del cumplimiento de una misión encomendada por Dios.To justify the confrontation between Pedro I and Enrique II of Castile, culminating in the murder of an unquestionably legitimate king in hands of his usurper brother, the chronicler Pero Lopez de Ayala build gradually a negative and somehow monstrous of Pedro I. Meanwhile, he attempts to prove that the count of Trastámara does not dethrones Pedro because of a personal ambition and breaking the rules, instead, he seems to be prevented to carry out with the mission of saving the kingdom from the terrible ills caused by the monstrous actions of his stepbrother. We will analyze the dichotomy between the negative and irrational portrait that Chancellor Ayala, one of the biggest responsible for that Pedro will be remembered as "Rey Cruel"- builds with skill, and what the practices he reveals says themselves. A meticulous scrutiny of the documents reveals a policy of regional power building through practices in which different functions of violence. Ware involved: economic, socializing, with exchange, symbolic, of justice, foundational, cultural, etc. We present here what might be called a cross dichotomy, which would face two internally contradictories terms: a monstrous but legitimate king against a usurper who is a providence's instrument. What the construction realized by the trastamarist propaganda would have made, which from the chancellor Ayala would be the most brilliant exponent, is the conversion of a legitimate king in a illegitimate one, by nature of its own monstrosity, and the conversion of a usurper who -as shows the definition itself, is illegitimate- in a legitimate king, in function of the realization of a divine mission