KORIŠTENJE KONTRACEPCIJE I SPOLNO PONAŠANJE STUDENATA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI

The aim of the study was to establish the parameters of sexual behavior and contraception use among full time male students in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In a prospective study that included 2128 male students aged 19-24, an anonymous survey was conducted on sexual behavior and contraception use in four university cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the 2007-2009 period. Out of the total number of surveyed students (N=2118), 74.6% (n=1581) were sexually active and the largest number of students (16.7%, n=614) had sexual relations with one partner. In the group of subjects with one sex partner, there was a signifi cant difference according to universities (Cilj rada je defi nirati parametre spolnog ponašanja i upotrebu metoda kontracepcije kod redovnih studenata u BiH. Ispitanici i metode: U prospektivnoj studiji na 2.128 redovnih studenata, u dobi od 19 do 24. godine života provedena je anonimna anketa o spolnom ponašanju i korištenju kontracepcije u 4 univerzitetska grada u BiH u razdoblju od 2007. do 2009. god. Rezultati: Od ukupnog broja anketiranih studenata (N=2.118) spolno aktivnih je bilo 74,6 % (N=1.581), a najveći broj studenata - 16,7 % (N=614) imao je spolne odnose s jednim partnerom. U proporciji ispitanika s jednim spolnim partnerom postoji značajna razlika po univerzitetima za muške ispitanike (x2=13,62; p=0,009). Ne postoji značajna razlika u broju spolnih partnera studenata prema studijskim skupinama, prema proporciji ispitanika s jednim i dva partnera (x2=1,41; p=0,492), ali postoji značajna razlika po godinama studija studenata muškaraca (x2=10,13; p=0,038). Srednja dob seksarhe je 17,35±1,71 godina, te postoji statistički značajna razlika srednjih vrijednosti seksarhe (F(4,1576)=9,273; p<0,001). Kontracepciju je koristilo 74,3 % spolno aktivnih studenata. Kondom kao metodu kontracepcije koristili su u 79% (N=1249) slučajeva, a druge metode u 21 % (N=332) slučajeva. Zaključak: Porast spolne aktivnosti među studentima muškog spola registriran je uz visoku stopu korištenja kontracepcije tijekom spolnog odnosa

Isolation of Tobacco Necrosis Virus from Buckwheat Plants

From leaves of naturally infected buckwheat plants (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), cultivar Bcdnaja, an isolate of tobacco necrosis virus (TNV) was obtained. The virus was isolated mechanically, i. e. by means of sap inoculation, from infected buckwheat to healthy bean plants. The infected buckwheat plants were collected in north Bosnia and showed necrotic symptoms. This isolate differed from other TNV strains found in Yugoslavia earlier. The virus was identified as stipple streak strain of TNV following host plants reactions, stability in sap, serology, and electron microscopy. It provokes local necrotic reaction on many host plants, but systemic symptoms on beans (Fig. 1 B, C) and buckwheat cultivars (Fig. 1 A). The systemic reaction of bean consisted of necroses along the leaf veins, stems and fruits (Fig. 1 C). The buckwheat plants reacted with necroses on inoculated and young leaves, sometimes on the stem too, and with mosaic on top leaves. The thermal inactivation point was between 86 and 88 °C and longevity in vitro took more than 60 days at room temperature. In purified TNV preparations isometric particles with a diameter of about 26 nm were found (Fig. 1 D). In double diffusion serological reaction in agar-gel the TNV isolate from buckwheat reacted positively with an antiserum of TNV serotype A but not with an antiserum of serotype D

Tretman stolburne rajčice (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) kinetinom i mogućnost njegove primjene u kemoterapiji

In this study we investigated the influence of kinetin (6- furfurylaminopurine) on stolbur infected tomato plants. By using electron microscopy we analysed the starch accumulation and the thylakoid membranes in the chloroplast and we quantified the photosynthetic pigments by spectrophotometry. Consideration was also given to the growth and general appearance of the plants. We proved that in stolbur infected plants kinetin provoked the degeneration of MLO (mycoplasma like organism), the syntesis of photosynthetic pigments, regenerated the thylakoid membranes, and increased the hydrolysis of starch accumulated in the chloroplast. After kinetin treatment, diseased sterile plants produced normal flowers, fruit, and viable seeds which gave healthy progeny.Ispitivali smo djelovanje kinetina (6-furfurilaminopurina) na stolburnu infekciju rajčice. Analizirali smo elektronsko-mikroskopski akumulaciju škroba i tilakoidne membrane u kloroplastima, a spektrofoto- metrijski određivali smo koncentraciju fotosintetskih pigmenata. Izvršena su zapažanja habitusa ispitivanih biljaka. Utvrdili smo da kinetin izaziva degeneraciju OSM (organizama sličnih mikoplazmi), stimulira sintezu fotosintetskih pigmenata, regenerira tilakoidne membrane i pojačava hidrolizu akumuliranog škroba u kloroplastima. Nakon tretmana kinetinom bolesne sterilne biljke normalno su procvjetale, dale su plodove i vitalno sjeme koje je dalo zdravo potomstvo

RETAINED FETAL BONE FRAGMENT AFTER INDUCED ABORTION AS A CAUSE OF SECONDARY INFERTILITY, DYSMENORRHOEAAND METRORRHAGIA: A CASE REPORT

Prikazana je 38-godišnja bolesnica koja je zanijela nakon ekstrakcije iz materišta komadića fetalne kosti zaostalog nakon prekida trudnoće učinjenog 20 mjeseci ranije. Cijelo je vrijeme imala probleme s produženim i bolnim menstruacijama zbog kojih je čak tri puta hospitalizirana i dva puta podvrgnuta eksplorativnoj kiretaži. Iako je ultrazvučno u materištu uočena neobična hiperehogena formacija nije bila postavljena sumnja na zaostali dio fetalne kosti, nego su sve terapijske procedure bile usmjerene liječenju upale i zaustavljanju krvarenja.There was presented a case of secondary infertility, dysmenorrhoea and metrorrhagia after induced abortion and a pregnancy after extraction of fetal bone fragment by curettage. The ultrasound examination showed an unusually hyperechogenic structure in uterine cavity but nobody did not think about possibility of retained fetal bone because all therapeutic procedures were anti-inflammatory and stop bleeding

Nalaz virusa mozaika lobode u šećernoj repi

Sowbane mosaic virus (SMV) was isolated from sugar beet found in the central part of Yugoslavia (Semberia, Bosnia). Serological tests performed by single and double diffusion tests showed that the investigated isolate could not be distinguished from an American isolate of SMV and two SMV isolates found in Yugoslavia earlier.U toku istraživanja virusnih bolesti šećerne repe na području Bosne, iz jednog zaraženog uzorka izolirali smo virus mozaika lobode (sowbane mosaic virus; SMV) koji smo u radu označili kraticom SMV-S. Repa iz koje je virus izoliran sabrana je u Semberiji kod mjesta Batković (okolica Bijeljine). U literaturi nema podataka o dolaženju SMV u šećernoj repi. Virusni izolat SMV-S identificirali smo na osnovi reakcija na pokusnim biljkama, vladanja in vitro i seroloških osobina. SMV-S smo uspjeli mehaničkom inokulacijom prenijeti samo na biljke iz kruga domaćina SMV-a (Tabla 1). I po vladanju in vitro SMV-S nije se razlikovao ot tipičnog SMV. U serološkim pokusim (si. 1) koji su bili izvedeni metodama jednostruke i dvostruke radijalne imunođifuzije u agarskom gelu, izolat SMV-S nije se razlikovao od dvaju izolata SMV ranije nađenih u Jugoslaviji (Šarić i Juretić 1976, Juretić 1976) niti od američkog izolata SMV koji nam je poslao dr. H. E. Waterworth (Glenn Dale, USA)

ACUTE RENAL FAILURE IN THE NEWBORNS HOSPITALIZED AT THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT, UNIVERSITY CLINICAL CENTRE TUZLA

Introduction: Reasons for acute renal failure in hospitalized infants were sepsis, hypovolemia, asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome, surgical interventions and congenital heart defects. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and and main etiologies, and early outcome of neonatal acute renal failure. Materials and Methods: At Intensive Care Unit, Clinical Center Tuzla, from 15. 01. 2013 to 15. 01. 2015 in 21 newborn was diagnosed renal failure, based on the amount of excreted urine and serum creatinine. Results: The prevalence of renal failure was 6.84%, with a higher incidence of female. 33.3% of infants were term neonates. Oliguria was diagnosed in 71.4% of newborns. Sepsis was the most common predisposing factor for the development of renal failure, associated with high mortality. Other causes of renal failure were perinatal hypoxia, RDS, surgical interventions and congenital heart defects. There was a positive correlation between the gestational age of the newborn and serum creatinine. Discussion: Early prevention of risk factors with rapid diagnosis and effective treatment, can affect further outcome of acute renal failure in infants

PERINATAL PREDICTORS OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES IN HIGH-RISK NEONATES

Background: Thanks to advancements in neonatal medicine, perinatal morbidity has been significantly reduced, but the number of high-risk neonates continues to rise. Efforts to predict neurodevelopmental outcomes at an early age remain limited. The aim of this study was to analyze perinatal predictors of neurodevelopmental outcomes in high-risk neonates. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal two-year study was conducted at the Pediatric Clinic of the University Clinical Center in Tuzla. The study included 151 neonates, with 99 in the test group (with known perinatal risk factors) and 52 in the control group (without risk factors). Early neurodevelopment was assessed using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). Standard statistical methods were applied for data processing. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Results: Of the 151 neonates observed, 108 (71.5%) had normal neurodevelopment at 18 months, 29 (19.2%) had mild disorders, and 14 (9.3%) had developmental delays. In the group with suboptimal neurodevelopment, significantly more twin pregnancies, health problems during pregnancy, unnatural births, artificial fertilization, and pregnancy complications were recorded. In neonates, there were significantly more premature births, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and intracranial hemorrhages. Significant correlations were found between the mother’s age and parity and delayed neurodevelopment. Additionally, correlations were found between birth weight, gestational age, Apgar score, length of hospitalization, and NICU stay with neurodevelopmental delay. Gestational age and the Apgar score at 1 minute showed significant negative predictive value for neurodevelopmental delay. Conclusion: Prematurity and perinatal asphyxia remain the greatest risks for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates. These factors should be the focus of continued medical research and clinical practice. Neonates at the highest risk of developmental delay and their families should be prioritized for early identification, long-term follow-up, and timely interventions

Rani ishod masivnog plućnog krvarenja kod nedonoščadi u Tuzlanskom kantonu

Massive pulmonary hemorrhage (MPH) in neonates is a severe condition followed by many complications and associated with a high mortality rate. The aim of this study was to present the incidence, possible risk factors, and short-term outcome of neonatal MPH in Tuzla Canton. We retrospectively analyzed data on neonates with MPH from January 2015 to December 2017. On statistical analysis, standard methods of descriptive statistics were used. During the three-year study period, 16 neonates developed MPH, 5 (31.25%) male and 11 (68.75%) female. Their mean gestational age was 29.48±2.21 weeks and mean birth weight 1276.69±387.65 grams. Seven (43.75%) neonates survived and 9 (56.25%) died. Significant differences between the two outcome groups (survivors/ died) were found in gestational age, birth weight, birth length, 5-minute Apgar score, and length of treatment at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. In Tuzla Canton, MPH occurred mainly in preterm neonates requiring mechanical ventilation, with the incidence of 1.91% of total premature births. The short-term outcome was uncertain, with a high mortality rate of 56.25%. Lower gestational age, lower birth weight, lower birth length and lower 5-minute Apgar score were confirmed as risk factors for poor short-term outcome.Masivna plućna hemoragija (MPH) u novorođenčadi je teško stanje koje prati mnoštvo komplikacija i visoka stopa smrtnosti. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je utvrditi incidenciju, moguće čimbenike rizika i kratkoročni ishod neonatalne MPH u Tuzlanskom kantonu. Retrospektivno smo analizirali podatke o novorođenčadi s MPH od siječnja 2015. do prosinca 2017. godine. U statističkoj obradi primijenjene su standardne metode deskriptivne statistike.Tijekom promatranog trogodišnjeg razdoblja MPH se razvila u 16 novorođenčadi, 5 dječaka (31,25%) dječaka i 11 (68,75%) djevojčica. Srednja gestacijska dob bila je 29,48±2,21 tjedana, a srednja porođajna težina 1276,69±387,65 grama. Svih 16 bili su neonoščad niske porođajne težine od kojih je 7 (43,75%) preživjelo, a 9 (56,25%) umrlo. Značajne razlike među dvjema skupinama ishoda nađene su za gestacijsku dob, porođajnu težinu, porođajnu duljinu, Apgar indeks u petoj minuti i dužinu intenzivnog liječenja. U zaključku, u Tuzlanskom kantonu neonatalna MPH javljala se kod nedonoščadi koja su zahtijevala mehaničku ventilaciju, s incidencijom od 1,91% od ukupnog broja prijevremeno rođenih. Kratkoročni ishod bio je neizvjestan, s visokom stopom smrtnosti od 56,25%. Kraća gestacijska dob, niža porođajna težina, niža porođajna duljina i niži Apgar indeks u petoj minuti potvrđeni su kao čimbenici rizika za loš kratkoročni ishod