Alpaca FGF5: Hypothetical Post-Transcriptional Readthrough Regulation in Skin Biopsies

Animal fibres from South American camelids and other fibre or wool bearing species provide important products for use by the human population. The contemporary context includes the competition with petrocarbon-based artificial fibres and concern about excessive persistence of these in the natural environment. Animal fibres present highly valuable characteristics for sustainable production and processing as they are both natural and renewable. On the other hand, their use is recognised to depend on availability of appropriate quality and quantity, the production of which is underpinned by a range of sciences and processes which support development to meet market requirements. This collection of papers combines international experience from South and North America, China and Europe. The focus lies on domestic South American camelids (alpacas, llamas) and also includes research on sheep and goats. It considers latest advances in sustainable development under climate change, breeding and genetics, reproduction and pathology, nutrition, meat and fibre production and fibre metrology. Publication of this book is supported by the Animal Fibre Working Group of the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP). ‘Advances in Fibre Production Science in South American Camelids and other Fibre Animals’ addresses issues of importance to scientists and animal breeders, textile processors and manufacturers, specialised governmental policy makers and students studying veterinary, animal and applied biological sciences

Isolation and Infectious Temperature Optimization of Genetically Similar VHSV Isolates in Farmed Olive Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) was isolated from farmed olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The viral N-gene was amplified by reverse transcriptase PCR, cloned, and sequenced for phylogenetic analysis to identify the genotype (I-IV). Virus isolates were cultured on Epithelioma papulosum cyprini cell line and, after completion of the cytopathic effects, the supernatant was collected and used to challenge virus-free flounder. The infected founder were reared in 16°C, 21°C, or 25°C, and compared to an unchallenged control. Virus titration was measured in the head kidneys, spleens, livers, brains, muscles, and gills of challenged fish using real-time quantification of the VHSV G-gene. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the isolates were VHSV Genogroup IV. The VHSV-challenged fish in the 16°C group showed 100% mortality with significantly increased expression of viral G-gene mRNA in the spleen, compared to fish reared in other temperatures and the control fish, suggesting that fish reared in 16°C are more susceptible to VHSV infection

Dietary Effect of Lonicera japonica on Immune Expression in Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, Challenged with Vibrio anguillarum

Respiratory burst, lysozyme, phagocytic activities, and immune gene expression levels were assessed in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus, 10.52±2.5 g) fed with 0%, 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% Lonicera japonica leaf powder (LjLP) for four weeks. All flounder fish fed LjLP showed significantly increased respiratory burst, lysozyme and phagocytic activity. Total immunoglobulin levels in LjLP diet fed fish groups were higher than in fish fed the basal diet (BD). In flounder fed LjLP, immune gene expression and antioxidant activity were significantly enhanced after 4 weeks of culture. One week following a challenge with Vibrio anguillarum, fish fed with different concentrations of LjLP showed decreased cumulative mortality and enhanced immunity all compared to the BD diet group. Our findings have shown that Lonicera japonica leaf powder enhanced immune response and resistance to V. anguillarum infection in olive flounder