A Two degrees-of-freedom (DOF) scanning micromirror using thermocapillary effect in microdroplets

This thesis research proposes a novel and simple means of tilting micromirror on a microdroplet by utilizing thermocapillary actuated droplet deformation. Device theory, device design, fabrication, packaging, testing and results are discussed to demonstrate the operation of a 2-degrees-of-freedom (2- DOF) scanning micromirror. Thermocapillary, or Marangoni, effect and contact angle hysteresis are employed to control the droplet shape and position. Hysteresis in different liquids is studied with its influence on the stability of the droplet. The device consists of a micromirror placed onto a microdroplet, and can produce a 6.5° tilting angle when actuated at 30 V. The tilting angle is found to be almost linearly dependent on actuation voltage. Linear, square and circular laser scanning patterns were drawn to demonstrate its successful operation. This technique shows potential applications in scanning micromirror and display technology. Finally, possible future work is discussed to further improve the device performance

Development of Moral Reasoning in the Context of Intelligence and Socio-Economic Status Following Value Clarification

In the present experimental study an attempt has been made to study the effect of Value Clarification Model on Moral Reasoning of Children in Relation to Socio Economic Status and Intelligence. The sample comprised 100 subjects studying in 9th class from Bahadurgarh and surrounding rural areas. Some standardized moral dilemmas by Raths, Kohlberg and others and adapted by the investigators were used to test moral reasoning among children. Treatment for one month was given to the subjects in each school to clarify their values with the help of some moral dilemmas which were different from the ones used in Pre-test. After the treatment was over the students were Post-tested on the moral dilemmas used in Pre-test to see the effect of training/treatment on development of moral reasoning. To obtain data on independent variables of the study like intelligence and socio-economic status standardized tools were used. Mean, S.D and t values were computed for testing the significant difference between students(Note 1) performance in pre and post test and the mean gain scores of the subjects. The following conclusions were drawn:- •    Value Clarification technique has a positive significant effect on the development of moral reasoning of Children. •   Socio economic status of children does not have a significant effect on the   development of moral reasoning as a result of value clarification. •    Intelligence has a positive significant effect on the development of moral reasoning of children as a result of value clarification

The role of physical educators in mitigating health risks among adolescents from increasing screen time

This article explores the role of physical educators in mitigating the health risks associated with increasing screen time among adolescents. With the rise of technology, young people are spending more time engaged with digital devices, leading to a range of health issues. Physical educators can play a vital role in promoting healthy habits, physical activity, and social and emotional development to mitigate the negative effects of screen time. The paper provides an overview of the impacts of excessive screen time on physical and mental health. Physical health problems such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and other health issues, as well as mental health issues such as stress, anxiety, and depression, are associated with excessive screen time. The paper highlights the critical role of physical educators in promoting a balanced lifestyle by incorporating technology-free activities and encouraging physical activity to promote overall health. The paper also discusses the various roles of physical educators, including providing personalized physical activity plans, promoting mindfulness, educating on nutrition and healthy habits, and advocating for physical education. The paper emphasizes the need for physical educators to collaborate with other health professionals, such as school nurses and counsellors, to develop comprehensive health and wellness programs for students. The paper concludes with prospects for physical educators to address the issue of excessive screen time among adolescents. Physical educators can integrate technology into physical education programs and advocate for increased physical education and reduced screen time in schools. They can also work to promote access to technology and provide resources for students who may not have access to digital devices at home

Doping in Sports: An Ethical Examination of Performance Enhancement

Doping in sports has been a longstanding issue that raises important ethical questions regarding the pursuit of performance enhancement. This research paper aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the ethical dimensions of doping in sports. We explore the historical context, methods, and consequences of doping, along with the ethical frameworks and debates surrounding this controversial practice. Through an analysis of case studies and ethical theories, we assess the moral implications of doping and propose a set of recommendations for addressing this issue. Our findings underscore the need for a nuanced ethical perspective that balances the drive for excellence with the preservation of the integrity and fairness of sports

Geometric Infinitely Divisible Autoregressive Models

In this article, we discuss some geometric infinitely divisible (gid) random variables using the Laplace exponents which are Bernstein functions and study their properties. The distributional properties and limiting behavior of the probability densities of these gid random variables at 0+ are studied. The autoregressive (AR) models with gid marginals are introduced. Further, the first order AR process is generalised to kth order AR process. We also provide the parameter estimation method based on conditional least square and method of moments for the introduced AR(1) processes

A STUDY ON THE TRANSGENDER COMMUNITY: CHANGES IN THE SITUATION OF TRANSGENDER INDIVIDUALS

This study explores the evolving situation of transgender individuals, focusing on the significant changes that have occurred in recent decades. These changes are analyzed across key areas such as legal recognition, social acceptance, healthcare access and economic opportunities. The research highlights the progress made in improving the lives of transgender people, including the increasing legal recognition of gender identity and growing social acceptance in various parts of the world. it also addresses the persistent challenges, particularly in healthcare access and economic disparities, which continue to affect the transgender community. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding the intersectional nature of transgender experiences, where factors such as race, class and geography play a crucial role in shaping individual outcomes. Through a comprehensive analysis, this paper aims to provide insights into the current state of the transgender community and the ongoing efforts needed to achieve full equality and inclusion

Consumer Awareness about E-Waste in Rural and Urban Haryana

The electronic industry is on the rise across the world and India is no exception to it. The consumer craving for newer and better electronic devices has led to faster rate of obsolescence of such electronic items. The obsolete electronic items, once they reach their end of life stage, need to be discarded and treated as Electronic Waste or E-Waste. E-Waste has surfaced as a major issue due to multifold increase in its quantity in last decade. Similar trends have been observed in India. The State of Haryana being a host to IT and ITes sector is also contributing in generation of larger quantities of E-Waste. The paper attempts to check the level of consumer awareness about E-Waste on five parameters namely: nomenclature, visual, conceptual, causal and general awareness. The study aimed at finding whether any variation exists in the awareness level of rural and urban consumers of Haryana regarding E-Waste. Data has been collected from rural and urban users of electronic products. Data has been analyzed using descriptive statistical tools. The study depicted that though the overall awareness of consumers of electronic items is on the lower side, the awareness of urban respondents is slightly better than the respondents from rural background. The paper also proposes ways and means for the policy makers and implementers to increase the awareness among users of electronic products in Haryana

Effectiveness of Behavior Change Communication Programs for Adolescent Health: A Systematic Review

Adolescence represents a pivotal period for the development of health behaviors, making this demographic a critical target for behavior change communication programs (BCCPs). These programs aim to promote positive health behaviors and mitigate risky ones, leveraging various intervention strategies across different health domains such as nutrition, mental health, sexual health, and substance abuse. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of BCCPs in influencing health behaviors among adolescents, providing a comprehensive synthesis of current evidence and identifying key strategies that contribute to successful health outcomes in this population. The review incorporated studies published between 2000 and 2023, sourced from databases including PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria focused on interventions targeting adolescents aged 10-19, addressing key health behaviors and utilizing robust evaluation methodologies. A total of 25 studies were included, covering diverse geographical settings and intervention approaches. In the domain of nutrition, social media-based interventions emerged as particularly effective. Hsu, Rouf, and Allman-Farinelli (2018) demonstrated that these interventions could significantly improve dietary habits, such as increasing fruit and vegetable intake and reducing the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. These interventions leveraged platforms familiar to adolescents, incorporating behavior change techniques like social support, self-monitoring, and goal setting. Mental health interventions showed substantial promise, particularly those incorporating cognitive-behavioral techniques and interpersonal skills training. Skeen et al. (2019) identified that programs emphasizing emotional regulation and social skills effectively reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety among adolescents. The ViSC Social Competence Program, evaluated by Yanagida, Strohmeier, and Spiel (2019), further highlighted the importance of targeting specific emotional and social competencies to mitigate issues like aggression and victimization. Substance abuse prevention programs presented mixed results. Family-focused interventions, as discussed by Dishion and Andrews (1995), showed that targeting parents or adolescents could reduce problematic behaviors like family conflict and school behavior problems. However, interventions that grouped high-risk youths together sometimes led to increased substance use and problematic behaviors, underscoring the need for careful intervention design to avoid unintended negative outcomes. The review underscores the varying effectiveness of BCCPs across different health domains and contexts. It highlights the potential of leveraging technology, such as social media and mobile health applications, to engage adolescents effectively. Mental health programs benefit from integrating cognitive-behavioral strategies and skills training, while sexual health education should focus on skill-building and peer education. Substance abuse prevention requires a nuanced approach, balancing individual and group-based interventions to avoid reinforcing negative behaviors