Berufsorientierung im Unterricht : Verbund von Schule und Berufsberatung in der vorberuflichen Bildung

"In der Auseinandersetzung über Lernziele und Lerninhalte der vorberuflichen Bildung entwickelte sich die Berufsorientierung zu einer spezifischen Fragestellung der Arbeitslehre in den Lehrplänen der Bundesländer. Seit 1969 bestehen Vereinbarungen der Kultusminister, in Modellschulen und Schulversuchen neue Formen der Zusammenarbeit von Schule und Berufsberatung zu erproben. Die Bundesanstalt für Arbeit ließ die hierin liegenden Möglichkeiten in einem 1972 in Auftrag gegebenen Gutachten untersuchen. Seit Erscheinen dieses Gutachtens wurde Berufsorientierung im Unterricht als bildungspolitische und fachdidaktische Aufgabe verstärkt wahrgenommen. Von der Bundesanstalt für Arbeit angeregte Erprobungsprojekte in Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Rheinland-Pfalz und Schleswig-Holstein sind inzwischen weitgehend abgeschlossen; die dabei gewonnenen Erkenntnisse wurden in einem zweiten Gutachten verarbeitet. Zunächst werden die gegen das erste Gutachten vorgebrachten kritischen Einwendungen dargelegt und aus der Sicht der Gutachter diskutiert. Sodann folgt eine terminologische Klärung und Aufgabenbestimmung der 'Berufsorientierung im Unterricht der Sekundarstufe I'. Mit Hilfe einer Reihe von Kriterien, die die wesentlichen Aspekte aus den Erprobungsprojekten und aus der Fachliteratur aufnehmen, werden die Bedingungen eines praktikabel erscheinenden kooperativen Berufswahlunterrichts zur Diskussion gestellt. Es geht dabei vor allem um die pädagogischen Leitvorstellungen in der Didaktik der Berufsorientierung (normativer Anspruch), ferner um curriculare Fragen und schließlich um Formen der Zusammenarbeit mit der Berufsberatung." (Autorenreferat)Berufsorientierung, Schule, Berufsberatung

Herbert Windt (1894-1965)

Herbert Windt wurde am 15.9.1894 in Senftenberg in der Niederlausitz als Sohn eines Kaufmanns geboren. Seine Familie war sehr musikalisch veranlagt und brachte ihn schon früh zum Klavierspiel und zum Notenstudium. Als junger Mann verließ er die Schule und ging 1910 an das Sternsche Konservatorium, wo er bis zu seiner freiwilligen Meldung zur Teilnahme am Ersten Weltkrieg im Sommer 1914 studierte. 1917 wurde er als Feldwebel bei Verdun so schwer verwundet, dass er zu 75% als kriegsbeschädigt galt und eine Karriere als Dirigent oder Pianist nicht mehr in Frage kam. Windt studierte daher ab 1921 unter dem renommierten Opernkomponisten Franz Schreker an der Hochschule für Musik in Berlin weiter und widmete sich zusehends eigenen Kompositionen, von denen die Oper Andromache (1932) die bedeutendste ist (obgleich sie nur vier Aufführungen erlebte)

Assessing the potential of ubiquitous computing for improving business process performance

Although ubiquitous technologies such as RFID, sensor networks, and networked embedded systems are quite mature, widespread adoption by organizations has yet to take place. This may be due to the lack of systematic assessment of the potential of ubiquitous technologies for creating value. Accordingly, a prescriptive model is presented that shows how value is created through the fit between generic capabilities of ubiquitous technologies and task characteristics in business processes. The identified task characteristics can thus be used as indicators for assessing the potential improvements in business process performance through particular ubiquitous computing functionalitie

The Influence of product-specific determinants on software firms’ international entry mode choices

In an environment of globalization of software and IT services, providing software solutions in international markets has become a strategic necessity for many software firms. When setting up international business operations, software firms need to make a fundamental choice on the distribution arrangements for software and related services in foreign markets. Particularly, such arrangements may either involve contracting with local partners to distribute products and services or extending the firm abroad by establishing wholly-owned subsidiaries or deploying employees. This study focuses on analyzing such boundary choices of software product firms in international markets. Taking a knowledge-based perspective, a research model is developed that outlines the influence of software product and service characteristics on software firms’ international entry mode choices. The research model is tested using PLS based on survey data from internationally operating software firms. The study findings support the knowledge-based reasoning that unique knowledge inherent in a software product that may be required during the sales process can be more easily transferred within firm boundaries. Particularly, the results point out the need for software firms to enter foreign markets through company-owned channels (i.e., wholly-owned subsidiaries or employee deployment) if the business processes and the functionality reflected in software product are highly specific. Likewise, company-owned channels are chosen if a high share of complementary services (e.g., implementation, consulting, training, maintenance, and support) is provided along with the introduction of a software product in a foreign market. In contrast, if significant country-specific adaptations of software products need to be performed, in particular language localization, the required knowledge is most effectively integrated through cooperation with local sales partners

Interpretation des Sourcing der Informationsverarbeitung: Hintergründe ökonomischer, strategischer und politischer Einflussgrößem

Informationsverarbeitung , Outsourcin

Explaining Variations in Client Extra Costs between Software Projects Offshored to India

Gaining economic benefits from substantially lower labor costs has been reported as a major reason for offshoring labor-intensive information systems (IS) services to low-wage countries; however, if wage differences are so high, why is there such a high level of variation in the economic success between offshored IS projects? This study argues that offshore outsourcing involves a number of extra costs for the client organization that account for the economic failure of offshore projects. The objective is to disaggregate these extra costs into its constituent parts and to explain why they differ between offshored software projects. The focus is set on software development and maintenance projects that are offshored to Indian vendors. A theoretical framework is developed a priori based on transaction cost economics (TCE) and the knowledge-based view of the firm, complemented by factors that acknowledge the specific offshore context. The framework is empirically explored using a multiple case study design including six offshored software projects in a large German Financial Service institution. The results of our analysis indicate that the client incurs post contractual extra costs for four types of activities: (1) requirements specification and design, (2) knowledge transfer, (3) control, and (4) coordination. In projects that require a high level of client-specific knowledge about idiosyncratic business processes and software systems, these extra costs were found to be substantially higher than in projects were more general knowledge was needed. Notably, these costs most often arose independently from the threat of opportunistic behavior, challenging the predominant TCE logic of market failure. Rather, the client extra costs were particularly high in client-specific projects because the effort for managing the consequences of the knowledge asymmetries between client and vendor were particularly high in these projects. Prior experiences of the vendor with related client projects were found to reduce the level of extra costs but could not fully offset the increase in extra costs in highly client-specific projects. Moreover, cultural and geographic distance between client and vendor as well as personnel turnover were found to increase client extra costs. Slight evidence was found, however, that the cost increasing impact of these factors was also leveraged in projects with a high level of required client-specific knowledge (moderator effect)

Assessing the Potential of Ubiquitous Computing for Improving Business Process Performance

The term “ubiquitous technology” refers to any technology that extends common objects with data processing capabilities, e.g. RFID systems, wireless sensor networks or networked embedded systems. In this study, we uncover the mechanisms by which these technologies contribute to an increased business process performance. We apply the theory of task-technology fit to establish a model of the impact of ubiquitous technologies on business process performance. Based on expert interviews in a large standard software company, the potential of ubiquitous technologies for enhancing performance in a number of generic business processes is explored. Furthermore, we illustrate how our findings can be applied to identify value-creating ubiquitous computing applications in companies

Affordance Perceptions under Malleable Information Technology: A Social Cognitive Theory Perspective

Organizations benefit from malleable IT only if users perceive the affordances that malleable IT provides for their work. However, theoretical explanations and empirical evidence related to affordance perception are scarce. In this paper, we develop a theoretical framework based on Social Cognitive Theory to explain two different types of affordance perceptions: vicarious and autonomous. Data from a survey of 154 users supports the framework. We find that vicarious affordance perceptions depend on social information and on basic knowledge about the malleable IT. In contrast, autonomous affordance perceptions, which rely on uncertain and cognitively complex search activities, depend on self-efficacy gained through prolonged use and on the knowledge acquired through a learning process that starts with system use and observation of other people’s use, followed by vicarious affordance perceptions. The key contribution of our paper lies in developing and testing explanations for affordance perceptions under malleable IT