Spring Water Budget of the Purchase College Bioswale.

Roads, parking lots, and other impervious surfaces that cannot be infiltrated by water are a result of urbanization that increases the volume of stormwater runoff which negatively affects water bodies and urban soils. The conversion of grass and forest lands to impervious surfaces also impacts groundwater recharge and evapotranspiration. A bioswale constructed at SUNY Purchase College adjacent to the West 1 parking lot is a method of green infrastructure designed to recharge ground water by capturing and filtering stormwater runoff. This study aimed to determine if the bioswale at Purchase College receives enough water to maintain the necessary rate of evapotranspiration during the spring season. The quantitative movement of soil water in the bioswale was assessed by budgeting the amount of water that enters the study site through precipitation and exits through evapotranspiration. Over the course of the study, the sum of precipitation was greater than potential evapotranspiration by 28.4 mm. The lowest recorded storage water level of the bioswale was 29.4mm following the largest period of deficit recorded which lasted 17 days. Greater volumes and periods of surplus were recorded in comparison to deficit. Therefore, a drought never occurred and the bioswale received enough water to maintain the rate of evapotranspiration. However, this study does not cover a long enough period of time to experience drought conditions as it would be more likely to occur during summer months.Purchase College SUNYEnvironmental StudiesBachelor of ArtsTaylor, Ryan W

Mesoamerica

The Mesoamerican linguistic area is rich with prosodic phenomena, including a wide variety of complex tone, phonation, stress, and intonational systems. The diversity of prosodic patterns in Mesoamerica reflects the extreme time-depth and complex history of the languages spoken there. This chapter surveys the prosody of Mesoamerican languages and some past analyses of their structures. Topics include the areal distribution of tonal complexity; interactions between stress, tone, and segmental contrasts; the phonetics of tone and phonation; metrical structure; and higher-level prosodic phenomena. Case studies from different languages also highlight interactions between morphological and word-prosodic structure. These topics underscore the importance of research on Mesoamerican languages to both phonological theory and linguistic typology

A pleiotropic variant in DNAJB4 is associated with multiple myeloma risk

This study was partially supported by intramural funds of University of Pisa and DKFZ. Open Access Funding provided by Universita degli Studi di Pisa within the CRUI-CARE Agreement.Pleiotropy, which consists of a single gene or allelic variant affecting multiple unrelated traits, is common across cancers, with evidence for genome-wide significant loci shared across cancer and noncancer traits. This feature is particularly relevant in multiple myeloma (MM) because several susceptibility loci that have been identified to date are pleiotropic. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify novel pleiotropic variants involved in MM risk using 28 684 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from GWAS Catalog that reached a significant association (P < 5 x 10(-8)) with their respective trait. The selected SNPs were analyzed in 2434 MM cases and 3446 controls from the International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium (InterLymph). The 10 SNPs showing the strongest associations with MM risk in InterLymph were selected for replication in an independent set of 1955 MM cases and 1549 controls from the International Multiple Myeloma rESEarch (IMMEnSE) consortium and 418 MM cases and 147 282 controls from the FinnGen project. The combined analysis of the three studies identified an association between DNAJB4-rs34517439-A and an increased risk of developing MM (OR = 1.22, 95%CI 1.13-1.32, P = 4.81 x 10(-7)). rs34517439-A is associated with a modified expression of the FUBP1 gene, which encodes a multifunctional DNA and RNA-binding protein that it was observed to influence the regulation of various genes involved in cell cycle regulation, among which various oncogenes and oncosuppressors. In conclusion, with a pleiotropic scan approach we identified DNAJB4-rs34517439 as a potentially novel MM risk locus.University of PisaDKFZUniversita degli Studi di Pisa within the CRUI-CARE Agreemen

The acoustic and visual phonetic basis of place of articulation in excrescent nasals

One common historical development in languages with distinctively nasalized vowels is the excrescence of coda velar nasals in place of nasalized vowels. For example, the dialect of French spoken in the southwestern part of France (Midi French) is characterized by words ending in the velar nasal where Parisian French has nasalized vowels and no final nasal consonant. More generally, there is a cross-linguistic tendency for the unmarked place of articulation for coda nasals, and perhaps also for stops, to be velar. In four experiments, we explored why the cross-linguistically unmarked place for the excrescent nasal is velar. The experiments test Ohala's (1975) acoustic explanation: that velar nasals, having no oral antiformants, are acoustically more similar to nasalized vowels than are bilabial or alveolar nasals. The experiments also tested an explanation based on the visual phonetics of nasalized vowels and velar nasals: velar nasals, having no visible consonant articulation, are visually more similar to nasalized vowels than are bilabial or alveolar nasals. American English listeners gave place of articulation judgments for audio-only and audio-visual tokens ending in nasal consonants ornasalized vowels. In the first and second experiments, we embedded recorded tokens of CVN (N = /m/, /n/, or /ng/) words in masking noise and presented them in audio-only and audio-visual trials. We also synthesized "placeless" nasals by repeating pitch periods from the nasalized vowel to replace the finalconsonant in CVm with nasalized vowel (henceforth "V~"). These stimuli provide a direct test of Ohala's acoustic explanation of coda velarity in nasals. The third and fourth experiments extended these results with tokens in which the last portion of CVN (N = /m/, /n/, or /ng/) and CV~ syllables were obscured with masking noise. These experiments were designed to force listeners to assume the existence of a final consonant and to rely primarily on visual cues in a more direct test of the visual similarity of nasalized vowels and velar nasals. Taken together, the results of these four experiments suggest that excrescent coda nasals tend to be velar because nasalized vowels are both acoustically and visually similar to velarnasals

Who said it was simple. Connessioni complesse e convergenze inaspettate. Immagini riflesse di Audre Lorde

Riflessioni sulla figura politicamente sfaccettata di Audre Lorde. Una breveanalisi dell’influenza della figura di Lorde a partire dalla pubblicazione dei suoi testi in italiano ma anche a partire dalla loro assenza. Come si è formato l’incontro con Lorde e quali consapevolezze e connessioni si sono create nella comunità lesbica intorno alla sua figura? L’articolo si propone di guardare alle stratificazioni politiche in Lorde oltre l’essenzialismo strategico.Reflections on the politically multifaceted persona of Audre Lorde. A briefanalysis of Lorde’s influence starting from the publication of her texts in Italian and even in the absence of translation. How has the Italian lesbian community established a relationship with Audre Lorde and which awareness and connections were created around her figure? The article proposes a point of view on Lorde’s political stratifications beyond a strategic essentialism

The Acoustic and Visual Phonetic Basis of Place of Articulation in Excrescent Nasals

One common historical development in languages with distinctively nasalized vowels is the excrescence of coda velar nasals in place of nasalized vowels. For example, the dialect of French spoken in the southwestern part of France (Midi French) is characterized by words ending in the velar nasal where Parisian French has nasalized vowels and no final nasal consonant. More generally, there is a cross-linguistic tendency for the unmarked place of articulation for coda nasals, and perhaps also for stops, to be velar. In four experiments, we explored why the cross-linguistically unmarked place for the excrescent nasal is velar. The experiments test Ohala's (1975) acoustic explanation: that velar nasals, having no oral antiformants, are acoustically more similar to nasalized vowels than are bilabial or alveolar nasals. The experiments also tested an explanation based on the visual phonetics of nasalized vowels and velar nasals: velar nasals, having no visible consonant articulation, are visually more similar to nasalized vowels than are bilabial or alveolar nasals. American English listeners gave place of articulation judgments for audio-only and audio-visual tokens ending in nasal consonants ornasalized vowels. In the first and second experiments, we embedded recorded tokens of CVN (N = /m/, /n/, or /ng/) words in masking noise and presented them in audio-only and audio-visual trials. We also synthesized "placeless" nasals by repeating pitch periods from the nasalized vowel to replace the finalconsonant in CVm with nasalized vowel (henceforth "V~"). These stimuli provide a direct test of Ohala's acoustic explanation of coda velarity in nasals. The third and fourth experiments extended these results with tokens in which the last portion of CVN (N = /m/, /n/, or /ng/) and CV~ syllables were obscured with masking noise. These experiments were designed to force listeners to assume the existence of a final consonant and to rely primarily on visual cues in a more direct test of the visual similarity of nasalized vowels and velar nasals. Taken together, the results of these four experiments suggest that excrescent coda nasals tend to be velar because nasalized vowels are both acoustically and visually similar to velarnasals

On Non-Optimal Laryngeal Timing: The Case of Trique

N/

Subgrouping in a ‘dialect continuum’: A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the Mixtecan language family

Subgrouping language varieties within dialect continua poses challenges for the application of the comparative method of historical linguistics, and similar claims have been made for the use of Bayesian phylogenetic methods. In this article, we present the first Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the Mixtecan language family of southern Mexico and show that the method produces valuable results and new insights with respect to subgrouping beyond what the comparative method and dialect geography have provided. Our findings reveal potential new subgroups that should be further investigated. We show that some unexpected groupings raise important questions for phylogenetics and historical linguistics about the effects of different methods of primary data gathering and organization that should be considered when interpreting subgrouping results

De novo mutation in SLC25A22 gene: expansion of the clinical and electroencephalographic phenotype

The SLC25A22 (Solute Carrier Family 25, Member 22) gene encodes for a mitochondrial glutamate/H+ symporter and is involved in the mitochondrial transport of metabolites across the mitochondrial membrane. We hereby report a 12-year-old girl presenting with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy, hypotonia, and global developmental delay. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel homozygous missense mutation in SLC25A22 gene (c.97A>G; p.Lys33Glu), as the likely cause of the disease. The phenotype of our patient and EEG recordings do not completely overlap with the phenotypes previously described, leading to a new and more complex form of disease associated with SLC25A22 variants, characterized by dyskinetic movements and oculogyric crisis