Do minimum trading capacities for the cross-zonal exchange of electricity lead to welfare losses?

Within flow-based market coupling, the EU's preferred method for calculating cross-border trading capacities, recent regulatory changes stipulate minimum trading capacities, so-called minRAMs which have to be provided to electricity markets. Effectively, high predicted flows on considered electricity grid elements have to be reduced to reserve a minimum of the elements' capacities for cross-zonal trading. This analysis investigates if the adjustments made to meet this criterion, in the form of augmented trading domains, lead to higher amounts of curative congestion management. To quantify the effect of increasing minRAMs on overall welfare, the markets and grids of Central Western Europe are analyzed during two representative weeks of 2016. The results show the increasing market coupling welfare is more than offset by rising congestion management costs, leading to net welfare losses. In the best case, the generation plus congestion management costs within Central Western Europe rise by 7.25% when increasing the minRAMs from the current 20%–45% and a minRAM of 70% is 6.28% more expensive compared to a minRAM of 20%. The analysis derives policy recommendations for implementing the minRAM stipulation, with a particular focus on a cost-minimizing selection of generation shift keys, in general as well as situation-dependent terms

Synthesis, characterization and catalytic properties of nanocrystaline Y2O3-coated TiO2 in the ethanol dehydration reaction

In the present study, TiO2 nanopowder was partially coated with Y2O3 precursors generated by a sol-gel modified route. The system of nanocoated particles formed an ultra thin structure on the TiO2 surfaces. The modified nanoparticles were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Zeta potential and surface area through N2 fisisorption measurements. Bioethanol dehydration was used as a probe reaction to investigate the modifications on the nanoparticles surface. The process led to the obtainment of nanoparticles with important surface characteristics and catalytic behavior in the bioethanol dehydration reaction, with improved activity and particular selectivity in comparison to their non-coated analogs. The ethylene production was disfavored and selectivity toward acetaldehyde, hydrogen and ethane increased over modified nanoparticles.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Físico-QuímicaUniversidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Pelotas Departamento de Química Analítica e InorgânicaUniversidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Físico-Químic

Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik—der Begriff IT-Sicherheit

Die Diskussionen zum BegriffSicherheit in der Informationstechnikwurden von Neuem durch die Anforderungen angestoßen, die in Netzen als den gegenwärtig umfassendsten und vielseitigsten Systemen der Informationstechnik an die Sicherheit gestellt werden müssen

Biosynthesis of pigment-protein complex polypeptides in bacteriochlorophyll-less mutant cells of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata YS

AbstractBacteriochlorophyll-less mutant cells of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata YS were capable of synthesizing pigment—protein complex polypeptides under conditions permitting the formation of the photosynthetic apparatus in the wild type. Individual polypeptides were identified by immunoprecipitation. Pulse-chase experiments revealed that the polypeptides did not accumulate in the membranes but underwent rapid degradation. The data suggest that bacteriochlorophyll is needed to stabilize the polypeptides of pigment—protein complexes