Bilharziose et infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine au Congo

Afin d'étudier les relations entre les schistosomiases et l'infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH), une enquête transversale de séroprévalence du VIH a été réalisée en 1992 dans un village du Congo à forte prévalence de schistosomiase urinaire situé dans la région de la Bouenza. Aucun lien n'a été mis en évidence entre la présence d'une oviurie et la séropositivité pour le VIH chez les 895 adultes examinés, ni entre la séropositivité pour le VIH. Le taux de prévalence de l'infection bilharzienne globale (sujets présentant une oviurie et sujets ayant une sérologie bilharzienne positive) était significativement plus bas chez les sujets séropositifs pour le VIH (3,5%) que chez les sujets séronégatifs (6,7%) (p < 0,01). De même, le nombre moyen d'oeufs émis était significativement plus bas chez les sujets séropositifs (3,6 oeufs/ml) que chez les sujets séronégatifs (26,5 oeufs/ml) (p = 0,03). Il est donc possible que le VIH limite le développement des schistosomes et diminue la production d'anticorps. Ceci doit être confirmé par des études longitudinales ultérieures. (Résumé d'auteur

Analisis Pengaruh Perputaran Modal Kerja, Kas, Piutang dan Persediaan terhadap tingkat profitabilitas Perusahaan dengan Intellectual Capital sebagai Variabel Moderasi(Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Consumer Goods yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2019-2021)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh perputaran modal kerja berupa kas, piutang dan persediaan terhadap profitabilitas yang dimoderasi dengan intellectual capital. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode analisis berupa analisis regresi linear berganda terhadap sejumlah perusahaan manufaktur sektor industri consumer goods atau barang konsumsi yang terdaftar di bursa efek indonesia tahun 2019-2022 sebagai objek penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perputaran modal kerja berupa kas, piutang dan persediaan tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan dan variabel intellectual capital memoderasi pengaruh perputaran persediaan terhadap profitabilitas tetapi tidak dapat memoderasi pengaruh perputaran kas dan perputaran piutang terhadap profitabilitas. Kata Kunci: Perputaran Modal Kerja, Perputaran kas, Perputaran Piutang, Perputaran Persediaan, Profitabilitas, Intellectual Capita

Metabolism within the tumor microenvironment and its implication on cancer progression: an ongoing therapeutic target

Since reprogramming energy metabolism is considered a new hallmark of cancer, tumor metabolism is again in the spotlight of cancer research. Many studies have been carried out and many possible therapies have been developed in the last years. However, tumor cells are not alone. A series of extracellular components and stromal cells, such as endothelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-infiltrating T cells, surround tumor cells in the so-called tumor microenvironment. Metabolic features of these cells are being studied in deep in order to find relationships between metabolism within the tumor microenvironment and tumor progression. Moreover, it cannot be forgotten that tumor growth is able to modulate host metabolism and homeostasis, so that tumor microenvironment is not the whole story. Importantly, the metabolic switch in cancer is just a consequence of the flexibility and adaptability of metabolism and should not be surprising. Treatments of cancer patients with combined therapies including anti-tumor agents with those targeting stromal cell metabolism, anti-angiogenic drugs and/or immunotherapy are being developed as promising therapeutics.Mª Carmen Ocaña is recipient of a predoctoral FPU grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport. Supported by grants BIO2014-56092-R (MINECO and FEDER), P12-CTS-1507 (Andalusian Government and FEDER) and funds from group BIO-267 (Andalusian Government). The "CIBER de Enfermedades Raras" is an initiative from the ISCIII (Spain). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript

Effects of Dietary Restriction on Cancer Development and Progression

The effects of caloric restriction on tumor growth and progression are known for over a century. Indeed, fasting has been practiced for millennia, but just recently has emerged the protective role that it may exert toward cells. Fasting cycles are able to reprogram the cellular metabolism, by inducing protection against oxidative stress and prolonging cellular longevity. The reduction of calorie intake as well as short- or long-term fasting has been shown to protect against chronic and degenerative diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular pathologies, and cancer. In vitro and in vivo preclinical models showed that different restriction dietary regimens may be effective against cancer onset and progression, by enhancing therapy response and reducing its toxic side effects. Fasting-mediated beneficial effects seem to be due to the reduction of inflammatory response and downregulation of nutrient-related signaling pathways able to modulate cell proliferation and apoptosis. In this chapter, we will discuss the most significant studies present in literature regarding the molecular mechanisms by which dietary restriction may contribute to prevent cancer onset, reduce its progression, and positively affect the response to the treatments

Recapitulating the tumor ecosystem along the metastatic cascade using 3D culture models

Advances in cancer research have shown that a tumor can be likened to a foreign species that disrupts delicately balanced ecological interactions, compromising the survival of normal tissue ecosystems. In efforts to mitigate tumor expansion and metastasis, experimental approaches from ecology are becoming more frequently and successfully applied by researchers from diverse disciplines to reverse engineer and re-engineer biological systems in order to normalize the tumor ecosystem. We present a review on the use of 3D biomimetic platforms to recapitulate biotic and abiotic components of the tumor ecosystem, in efforts to delineate the underlying mechanisms that drive evolution of tumor heterogeneity, tumor dissemination, and acquisition of drug resistance.ope

Propuesta de manejo del bosque ombrófilo claro del parque nacional Odzala

The objective of this work was to study the proposal of a management plan based on a floristic study of the clear ombrophilous forest of the Odzala National Park. For this purpose, 12 transepts were established at 4 in the Southwest part of the Odzala National Park, 4 in the Liouesso region and 4 in the Mambili region, determining the structure and composition of the vegetation in the areas. As a result, a total of 43 species were identified, belonging to 37 genera and 43 botanical families. Thus, the floristic study of the clear ombrophilous forest of the Odzala National Park guaranteed a contextualization of the management plans for the rehabilitation of the areas with a marked degradation situation with the existence of species indicative of secondary forests.El trabajo tuvo como objetivo estudiar propuesta de un plan de manejo a partir de un estudio florístico del bosque ombrófilo claro del parque nacional Odzala. Para lo cual se establecieron 12 transeptos a razón de 4 en la parte Suroeste del parque nacional Odzala, 4 en la región de Liouesso y 4 en la región de Mambili determinándose la estructura y composición de la vegetación en las áreas. Como resultado se identificaron un total de 43 especies, pertenecientes a 37 géneros y a 43 familias botánicas. Así resultó que el estudio florístico del bosque ombrófilo claro del parque nacional Odzala garantizo una contextualización de los planes de manejo para la rehabilitación de las áreas con una marcada situación de degradación con la existencia de especies indicadoras de bosques secundarios

The feather epithelium contributes to the dissemination and ecology of clade 2.3.4.4b H5 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses in ducks

Immature feathers are known replication sites for high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) in poultry. However, it is unclear whether feathers play an active role in viral transmission. This study aims to investigate the contribution of the feather epithelium to the dissemination of clade 2.3.4.4b goose/Guangdong/1996 lineage H5 HPAIVs in the environment, based on natural and experimental infections of domestic mule and Muscovy ducks. During the 2016–2022 outbreaks, H5 HPAIVs exhibited persistent and marked feather epitheliotropism in naturally infected commercial ducks. Infection of the feather epithelium resulted in epithelial necrosis and disruption, as well as the production and environmental shedding of infectious virions. Viral and feather antigens colocalized in dust samples obtained from poultry barns housing naturally infected birds. In summary, the feather epithelium contributes to viral replication, and it is a likely source of environmental infectious material. This underestimated excretion route could greatly impact the ecology of HPAIVs, facilitating airborne and preening-related infections within a flock, and promoting prolonged viral infectivity and long-distance viral transmission between poultry farms.This study was performed in the framework of the “Chaire de Biosécurité et Santé Aviaires”, hosted by the National Veterinary College of Toulouse (ENVT) and funded by the Direction Generale de l’Alimentation, Ministère de l’Agriculture et de la Souveraineté Alimentaire, France. The animal experiment was partially funded by the Veterinary Biocontained facility Network (VetBioNet) [EU Grant Agreement INFRA-2016-1 N°731014].info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The feather epithelium contributes to the dissemination and ecology of clade 2.3.4.4b H5 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses in ducks

Immature feathers are known replication sites for high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) in poultry. However, it is unclear whether feathers play an active role in viral transmission. This study aims to investigate the contribution of the feather epithelium to the dissemination of clade 2.3.4.4b goose/Guangdong/1996 lineage H5 HPAIVs in the environment, based on natural and experimental infections of domestic mule and Muscovy ducks. During the 2016-2022 outbreaks, H5 HPAIVs exhibited persistent and marked feather epitheliotropism in naturally infected commercial ducks. Infection of the feather epithelium resulted in epithelial necrosis and disruption, as well as the production and environmental shedding of infectious virions. Viral and feather antigens colocalized in dust samples obtained from poultry barns housing naturally infected birds. In summary, the feather epithelium contributes to viral replication, and it is a likely source of environmental infectious material. This underestimated excretion route could greatly impact the ecology of HPAIVs, facilitating airborne and preening-related infections within a flock, and promoting prolonged viral infectivity and long-distance viral transmission between poultry farms