Orientación sobre sexualidad para estudiantes de enfermería

OBJECTIVE: To identify the perception of students at the Nursing undergraduate course about sexual orientation activities; to establish how these activities should be developed towards the students. METHODS: This is a descriptive study using content analysis, performed with a population consisting of 193 students of the Nursing undergraduate course of Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). RESULTS: 93% of the respondents agreed with sexual orientation activities and 80% justified the necessity through the following categories: contribution for professional education (9%), stereotypes (1%), necessity of information (26%), prevention (4%), taking care of oneself in order to care for the other (13%), self-knowledge (8%) and difficulties with the topic (19%). CONCLUSION: Nursing students are interested in activities focused on the discussion of human sexuality within the academic universe.OBJETIVO: Identificar la percepción de estudiantes del Pregrado en Enfermería sobre actividades dirigidas a la orientación sexual; establecer la forma de desarrollo de estas actividades junto a los estudiantes. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo en el cual se utilizó el análisis de contenido, realizado junto a una población conformada por 193 estudiantes del pregrado en Enfermería de la Universidad Federal de São Paulo. RESULTADOS: el 93% de los entrevistados concordaron con actividades dirigidas a la orientación sexual, y el 80% justificaron la necesidad por medio de las categorías: contribución a la formación profesional (9%), estereotipos (1%), necesidad de información (26%), prevención (4%), cuidar de sí para cuidar del otro (13%), autoconocimiento (8%) y dificultades con el asunto (19%). CONCLUSIÓN: Existe interés de los estudiantes de enfermería por actividades orientadas a la discusión de la sexualidad humana en el espacio académico.OBJETIVO: Identificar a percepção de estudantes do Curso de graduação em Enfermagem sobre atividades voltadas à orientação sexual; estabelecer a forma de desenvolvimento destas atividades junto aos estudantes. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo em que se utilizou a análise de conteúdo, realizado junto a uma população constituída por 193 estudantes do Curso de graduação em Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). RESULTADOS: 93% dos entrevistados concordaram com atividades voltadas à orientação sexual, e 80% justificaram a necessidade por meio das categorias: contribuição para formação profissional (9%), estereótipos (1%), necessidade de informação (26%), prevenção (4%), cuidar de si para cuidar do outro (13%), autoconhecimento (8%) e dificuldades com o assunto (19%). CONCLUSÃO: Existe interesse dos estudantes de enfermagem por atividades voltadas à discussão da sexualidade humana no espaço acadêmico.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESPSciEL

MAHMI database: a comprehensive MetaHit-based resource for the study of the mechanism of action of the human microbiota

The Mechanism of Action of the Human Microbiome (MAHMI) database is a unique resource that provides comprehensive information about the sequence of potential immunomodulatory and antiproliferative peptides encrypted in the proteins produced by the human gut microbiota. Currently, MAHMI database contains over 300 hundred million peptide entries, with detailed information about peptide sequence, sources and potential bioactivity. The reference peptide data section is curated manually by domain experts. The in silico peptide data section is populated automatically through the systematic processing of publicly available exoproteomes of the human microbiome. Bioactivity prediction is based on the global alignment of the automatically processed peptides with experimentally validated immunomodulatory and antiproliferative peptides, in the reference section. MAHMI provides researchers with a comparative tool for inspecting the potential immunomodulatory or antiproliferative bioactivity of new amino acidic sequences and identifying promising peptides to be further investigated. Moreover, researchers are welcome to submit new experimental evidence on peptide bioactivity, namely, empiric and structural data, as a proactive, expert means to keep the database updated and improve the implemented bioactivity prediction method. Bioactive peptides identified by MAHMI have a huge biotechnological potential, including the manipulation of aberrant immune responses and the design of new functional ingredients/foods based on the genetic sequences of the human microbiome. Hopefully, the resources provided by MAHMI will be useful to those researching gastrointestinal disorders of autoimmune and inflammatory nature, such as Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. MAHMI database is routinely updated and is available free of charge.This work was funded by the Grant AGL2013-44039-R from the Spanish “Plan Estatal de IþDþI”, and the Grant EM2014/046 from the “Plan Galego de investigaci on, innovaci on e crecemento 2011-2015”. Borja S anchez was recipient of a Ram on y Cajal postdoctoral contract from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. This work was also partially funded by the [14VI05] ContractProgramme from the University of Vigo and the Agrupamento INBIOMED from DXPCTSUG-FEDER unha maneira de facer Europa (2012/273) and the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme FP7/REGPOT-2012-2013.1 under grant agreement n 316265, BIOCAPS. This document reflects only the author’s views and the European Union is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained herein

Immunephenotype Predicts Response to Vedolizumab: Integrating Clinical and Biochemical Biomarkers in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

n/

Hydrogen sulphide induces μ opioid receptor-dependent analgesia in a rodent model of visceral pain

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) is a gaseous neuro-mediator that exerts analgesic effects in rodent models of visceral pain by activating K_ATPchannels. A body of evidence support the notion that K_ATPchannels interact with endogenous opioids. Whether H₂S-induced analgesia involves opioid receptors is unknown.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The perception of painful sensation induced by colorectal distension (CRD) in conscious rats was measured by assessing the abdominal withdrawal reflex. The contribution of opioid receptors to H₂S-induced analgesia was investigated by administering rats with selective μ, κ and δ opioid receptor antagonists and antisenses. To investigate whether H₂S causes μ opioid receptor (MOR) transactivation, the neuronal like cells SKNMCs were challenged with H₂S in the presence of MOR agonist (DAMGO) or antagonist (CTAP). MOR activation and phosphorylation, its association to β arrestin and internalization were measured.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>H₂S exerted a potent analgesic effects on CRD-induced pain. H₂S-induced analgesia required the activation of the opioid system. By pharmacological and molecular analyses, a robust inhibition of H₂S-induced analgesia was observed in response to central administration of CTAP and MOR antisense, while κ and δ receptors were less involved. H₂S caused MOR transactivation and internalization in SKNMCs by a mechanism that required AKT phosphorylation. MOR transactivation was inhibited by LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, and glibenclamide, a K_ATPchannels blocker.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study provides pharmacological and molecular evidence that antinociception exerted by H₂S in a rodent model of visceral pain is modulated by the transactivation of MOR. This observation provides support for development of new pharmacological approaches to visceral pain.</p

The Bile Acid Sensor FXR Protects against Dyslipidemia and Aortic Plaques Development Induced by the HIV Protease Inhibitor Ritonavir in Mice

Although human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–related morbidity and mortality rates in patients treated with a combination of high active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have declined, significant metabolic/vascular adverse effects associated with the long term use of HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) have emerged as a significant side effect. Here we illustrate that targeting the bile acid sensor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) protects against dyslipidemia and vascular injury induced HIV-PIs in rodents. mice with gemfibrozil, a PPARα agonist. FXR activation counter-regulated induction of expression/activity of CD36 caused by HIV-PIs in circulating monocytes and aortic plaques. In macrophages cell lines, CDCA attenuated CD36 induction and uptake of acetylated LDL caused by ritonavir. Natural and synthetic FXR ligands reduced the nuclear translocation of SREBP1c caused by ritonavir.Activation of the bile acid sensor FXR protects against dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic caused by ritonavir, a widely used HIV PI. From a mechanistic stand point it appears that besides reducing the liver expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis, FXR activation counter-regulates the expression/activity of CD36 on monocytes. FXR ligands might hold promise in the treatment dyslipidemia induced by ritonavir

The Bile Acid Receptor GPBAR-1 (TGR5) Modulates Integrity of Intestinal Barrier and Immune Response to Experimental Colitis

BACKGROUND: GP-BAR1, a member G protein coupled receptor superfamily, is a cell surface bile acid-activated receptor highly expressed in the ileum and colon. In monocytes, ligation of GP-BAR1 by secondary bile acids results in a cAMP-dependent attenuation of cytokine generation. AIMS: To investigate the role GP-BAR1 in regulating intestinal homeostasis and inflammation-driven immune dysfunction in rodent models of colitis. METHODS: Colitis was induced in wild type and GP-BAR1(-/-) mice by DSS and TNBS administration. Potential GP-BAR1 agonists were identified by in silico screening and computational docking studies. RESULTS: GP-BAR1(-/-) mice develop an abnormal morphology of colonic mucous cells and an altered molecular architecture of epithelial tight junctions with increased expression and abnormal subcellular distribution of zonulin 1 resulting in increased intestinal permeability and susceptibility to develop severe colitis in response to DSS at early stage of life. By in silico screening and docking studies we identified ciprofloxacin as a GP-BAR1 ligand. In monocytes, ciprofloxacin increases cAMP concentrations and attenuates TNFα release induced by TLR4 ligation in a GP-BAR1 dependent manner. Treating mice rendered colitic by TNBS with ciprofloxacin and oleanolic acid, a well characterized GP-BAR1 ligand, abrogates signs and symptoms of colitis. Colonic expression of GP-BAR1 mRNA increases in rodent models of colitis and tissues from Crohn's disease patients. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrates that ≈90% of CD14+ cells isolated from the lamina propria of TNBS-treated mice stained positively for GP-BAR1. CONCLUSIONS: GP-BAR1 regulates intestinal barrier structure. Its expression increases in rodent models of colitis and Crohn's disease. Ciprofloxacin is a GP-BAR1 ligand

Probiotics Modulate Intestinal Expression of Nuclear Receptor and Provide Counter-Regulatory Signals to Inflammation-Driven Adipose Tissue Activation

BACKGROUND: Adipocytes from mesenteric white adipose tissue amplify the inflammatory response and participate in inflammation-driven immune dysfunction in Crohn's disease by releasing proinflammatory mediators. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)-α and -γ, pregnane x receptor (PXR), farnesoid x receptor (FXR) and liver x-receptor (LXR) are ligand-activated nuclear receptor that provide counter-regulatory signals to dysregulated immunity and modulates adipose tissue. AIMS: To investigate the expression and function of nuclear receptors in intestinal and adipose tissues in a rodent model of colitis and mesenteric fat from Crohn's patients and to investigate their modulation by probiotics. METHODS: Colitis was induced by TNBS administration. Mice were administered vehicle or VSL#3, daily for 10 days. Abdominal fat explants obtained at surgery from five Crohn's disease patients and five patients with colon cancer were cultured with VSL#3 medium. RESULTS: Probiotic administration attenuated development of signs and symptoms of colitis, reduced colonic expression of TNFα, IL-6 and IFNγ and reserved colonic downregulation of PPARγ, PXR and FXR caused by TNBS. Mesenteric fat depots isolated from TNBS-treated animals had increased expression of inflammatory mediators along with PPARγ, FXR, leptin and adiponectin. These changes were prevented by VSL#3. Creeping fat and mesenteric adipose tissue from Crohn's patients showed a differential expression of PPARγ and FXR with both tissue expressing high levels of leptin. Exposure of these tissues to VSL#3 medium abrogates leptin release. CONCLUSIONS: Mesenteric adipose tissue from rodent colitis and Crohn's disease is metabolically active and shows inflammation-driven regulation of PPARγ, FXR and leptin. Probiotics correct the inflammation-driven metabolic dysfunction

Metabolic Variability of a Multispecies Probiotic Preparation Impacts on the Anti-inflammatory Activity

Background: In addition to strain taxonomy, the ability of probiotics to confer beneficial effects on the host rely on a number of additional factors including epigenetic modulation of bacterial genes leading to metabolic variability and might impact on probiotic functionality. Aims: To investigate metabolism and functionality of two different batches of a probiotic blend commercialized under the same name in Europe in models of intestinal inflammation. Methods: Boxes of VSL#3, a probiotic mixture used in the treatment of pouchitis, were obtained from pharmacies in UK subjected to metabolomic analysis and their functionality tested in mice rendered colitis by treatment with DSS or TNBS. Results: VSL#3-A (lot DM538), but not VSL#3-B (lot 507132), attenuated "clinical" signs of colitis in the DSS and TNBS models. In both models, VSL#3-A, but not VSL#3-B, reduced macroscopic scores, intestinal permeability, and expression of TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNAs, while increased the expression of TGFβ and IL-10, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) mRNAs and shifted colonic macrophages from a M1 to M2 phenotype (P < 0.05 vs. TNBS). In contrast, VSL#3-B failed to reduce inflammation, and worsened intestinal permeability in the DSS model (P < 0.001 vs. VSL#3-A). A metabolomic analysis of the two formulations allowed the identification of two specific patterns, with at least three-folds enrichment in the concentrations of four metabolites, including 1-3 dihydroxyacetone (DHA), an intermediate in the fructose metabolism, in VSL#3-B supernatants. Feeding mice with DHA, increased intestinal permeability. Conclusions: Two batches of a commercially available probiotic show divergent metabolic activities. DHA, a product of probiotic metabolism, increases intestinal permeability, highlighting the complex interactions between food, microbiota, probiotics, and intestinal inflammation