Use of the community capitals framework to understand adaptation of silvopastoral systems: Bridging the gap between research and development

Research on sociology of adoption and diffusion seems to highlight the separation between agricultural and natural resources research efforts, and its relevance and application (so called adoption) by local producers. Trying to address these issues and in order to bridge the gap, we propose the use of the community capitals framework (CCF) within agro ecological research efforts as a twofold to: by the one hand include, analyze, and process socioeconomic data (within the context of an agro ecological research); and by the other hand to open spaces where producers (key stakeholders) can be part of a participatory research process and based on evidence and a deep and systematic contextual analysis, start the adaptation of SPS. Results from Rivas? Nicaragua, highlight the fact that producers have local knowledge (cultural capital) to identify functions and ecosystem services from trees within the pastures: i. e., timber and wood production; feed resources and shade for livestock; soil, water and biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration and others. This local knowledge (cultural capital) combined with relationships with neighbors', family and friends (social capital) are a starting point to promote the development of multi?functional silvopastoral systems (SPS) toward the improvement of productivity of livestock farms. FUNCITREE participatory research experiences along with our experience in the Mesoamerican Agroenvironmental Program (MAP) with farmer field schools (FFS), have shown a key role of these efforts of capacity building (human capital) toward the generation of a learning environment in which participants can learn, share and apply more and better knowledge and skills to improve their farms. Knowledge sharing or wisdom dialogue (cultural capital) within FFS, allow participants to build and strengthen relationships (social capital) and conserve the ecosystem services (natural capital) through the use of innovative sustainable land use practices, such as SPS. Additionally, the process seeks to empower participants to increasingly take part in local and national decision making structures (political capital). Finally, there is also an enhancement of the productive infrastructure (physical capital) and an increase of income and/or savings (financial capital) coming from the improvement of the productivity. (Texte intégral

Applying Benford's Law to individual financial reports: An empirical investigation on the basis of SEC XBRL filings

The business reporting standard XBRL offers the opportunity to easily extract and analyze a sufficient number of monetary items out of single annual reports for statistical analysis purposes. Using XBRL 10-K reports filed with the SEC EDGAR system, we derive first digit distributions for single companies and measure the deviation from the Benford distribution. On average, we find that for all monetary numbers that are contained in the examined XBRL reports, the first digit distribution follows Benford's Law. Furthermore, our results indicate several line items with an abnormal digit frequency potentially indicating human interaction. Taken together, the empirical results suggest that the application of Benford's Law to financial reports might be a useful analytical tool for investors. The findings also may be of interest to the SEC for planning enforcement actions, as digit analysis could be an appropriate means of identifying suspect line items carrying a higher level of risk

La imágen de la hechicería en la época colonial

El presente trabajo consistió en establecer relaciones entre la política pública, religiosa y la vida privada de la gente común durante la época de la colonia. A través de la obra El Carnero se evidenció que el autor Juan Rodríguez Freyle denuncia el trato injusto dado a la mulata Juana García, acusada de hechicería y condenada al exilio en el primer auto de fe que se celebró en el Nuevo Reino de Granada, en 1563. Este caso jurídico revela cómo el código del honor aliado con los círculos de poder, así como los prejuicios raciales, controlaban el estatus social e incluso corrompían los procesos eclesiásticos durante la Colonia española

Ferromagnetic Quantum Critical Point in CePd2_2P2_2 with Pd →\rightarrow Ni Substitution

An investigation of the structural, thermodynamic, and electronic transport properties of the isoelectronic chemical substitution series Ce(Pd$_{1-x}$Ni$_x$)$_2$P$_2$ is reported, where a possible ferromagnetic quantum critical point is uncovered in the temperature - concentration ($T-x$) phase diagram. This behavior results from the simultaneous contraction of the unit cell volume, which tunes the relative strengths of the Kondo and RKKY interactions, and the introduction of disorder through alloying. Near the critical region at $x_{\rm{cr}}$ $\approx$ 0.7, the rate of contraction of the unit cell volume strengthens, indicating that the cerium $f$-valence crosses over from trivalent to a non-integer value. Consistent with this picture, x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements reveal that while CePd$_2$P$_2$ has a purely trivalent cerium $f$-state, CeNi$_2$P$_2$ has a small ($<$ 10 \%) tetravalent contribution. In a broad region around $x_{\rm{cr}}$, there is a breakdown of Fermi liquid temperature dependences, signaling the influence of quantum critical fluctuations and disorder effects. Measurements of clean CePd$_2$P$_2$ furthermore show that applied pressure has a similar initial effect to alloying on the ferromagnetic order. From these results, CePd$_2$P$_2$ emerges as a keystone system to test theories such as the Belitz-Kirkpatrick-Vojta model for ferromagnetic quantum criticality, where distinct behaviors are expected in the dirty and clean limits.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure

Are there iterated essentialist truths?

Let an iterated essentialist statement be a statement of the form 'It lies in the nature of x1,x2,... that it lies in the nature of y1,y2,... that φ'. Let Iteration be the thesis that there are true iterated essentialist statements. Iteration has recently been disputed by Dasgupta (2014) and Glazier (2017). Both authors take the falsity of Iteration to be central to the explanatory role of essentialist truths. An important consequence that is not explicitly noted by them is that the falsity of Iteration would entail that metaphysical necessity is not reducible to essence in the manner suggested by Fine (1994). This paper defends Iteration against these challenges, drawing attention to some features of the collective essences of properties, propositions, and logical operations that have been largely neglected in discussions about essence

Economic Empowerment for Victims of IPV in Rural Areas

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a current epidemic affecting women around the country. One in three women will experience sexual assault, physical violence, or stalking by an intimate partner in her lifetime (Showalter, 2016). IPV can take many forms including physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, and economic abuse and can have serious impacts on one’s health. Within IPV research, there have been unique barriers identified in rural areas. These communities have a significant lack of resources including hospitals, domestic violence shelters, and providers that provide trauma-informed care. Recent literature has suggested economic empowerment approaches to promoting an end to IPV in rural communities. Economic empowerment involves providing victims with the resources and skills they need to regain confidence and a sense of self after experiencing abuse