Pembiayaan Gadai Emas Konvensional dan Syariah

Financing system used in gold pawn transactions in Indonesia are conventional and shar'i. Conventional system is employed only by pawnshops owned by the government, namely “Pegadaian”. Meanwhile,the sharia system is employed by sharia private banks, sharia business units, and sharia pawnshops. Gold mortgage finance at pawnshops is calculated based on the loan amount multiplied by interest multiplied the number of days. Meanwhile, gold mortgage finance at sharia pawnshops and sharia banks as well as Islamic business is calculated based on the estimated value (collateral/gold) multiplied by the interest multiplied by the number of days. The results obtained for the amount of financing (loans) is the same, but smaller nominal interest is obtained when it calculated using the Islamic system. However, the numberof shariadebtors is still very small compared to the conventional debtors

A late Pleistocene long pollen record from Lake Urmia, NW Iran

A palynological study based on two 100-m long cores from Lake Urmia in northwestern Iran provides a vegetation record spanning 200 ka, the longest pollen record for the continental interior of the Near East. During both penultimate and last glaciations, a steppe of Artemisia and Poaceae dominated the upland vegetation with a high proportion of Chenopodiaceae in both upland and lowland saline ecosystems. While Juniperus and deciduous Quercus trees were extremely rare and restricted to some refugia, Hippophaë rhamnoides constituted an important phanerophyte, particularly during the upper last glacial sediments. A pronounced expansion in Ephedra shrub-steppe occurred at the end of the penultimate late-glacial period but was followed by extreme aridity that favoured an Artemisia steppe. Very high lake levels, registered by both pollen and sedimentary markers, occurred during the middle of the last glaciation and upper part of the penultimate glaciation. The late-glacial to early Holocene transition is represented by a succession of Hippophaë, Ephedra, Betula, Pistacia and finally Juniperus and Quercus. The last interglacial period (Eemian), slightly warmer and moister than the Holocene, was followed by two interstadial phases similar in pattern to those recorded in the marine isotope record and southern European pollen sequences

Late Little Ice Age palaeoenvironmental records from the Anzali and Amirkola Lagoons (south Caspian Sea): Vegetation and sea level changes

This is a postprint version of the article. The official published article can be found from the link below - Copyright @ 2011 Elsevier Ltd.Two internationally important Ramsar lagoons on the south coast of the Caspian Sea (CS) have been studied by palynology on short sediment cores for palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic investigations. The sites lie within a small area of very high precipitation in a region that is otherwise dry. Vegetation surveys and geomorphological investigations have been used to provide a background to a multidisciplinary interpretation of the two sequences covering the last four centuries. In the small lagoon of Amirkola, the dense alder forested wetland has been briefly disturbed by fire, followed by the expansion of rice paddies from AD1720 to 1800. On the contrary, the terrestrial vegetation reflecting the diversity of the Hyrcanian vegetation around the lagoon of Anzali remained fairly complacent over time. The dinocyst and non-pollen palynomorph assemblages, revealing changes that have occurred in water salinity and water levels, indicate a high stand during the late Little Ice Age (LIA), from AD < 1620 to 1800–1830. In Amirkola, the lagoon spit remained intact over time, whereas in Anzali it broke into barrier islands during the late LIA, which merged into a spit during the subsequent sea level drop. A high population density and infrastructure prevented renewed breaking up of the spit when sea level reached its maximum (AD1995). Similar to other sites in the region around the southern CS, these two lagoonal investigations indicate that the LIA had a higher sea level as a result of more rainfall in the drainage basin of the CS.The coring and the sedimentological analyses were funded by the Iranian National Institute for Oceanography in the framework of a research project entitled “Investigation of the Holocene sediment along the Iranian coast of Caspian Sea: central Guilan”. The radiocarbon date of core HCGL02 was funded by V. Andrieu (Europôle Méditerranéen de l'Arbois, France) and that of core HCGA04 by Brunel University

Human impact on the hydroenvironment of Lake Parishan, SW Iran, through the late Holocene

A multiproxy record from Lake Parishan, SW Iran, shows human impact on the lake and its catchment over the last 4000 years. The Parishan record provides evidence of changes in lake hydrology, from ostracod, diatom and isotope analyses, that are directly linked to human activity in the catchment; recorded by pollen and charcoal and supported by regional archaeological and historical data. The lake ostracod fauna is particularly sensitive to human induced catchment alterations and allow us to identify changes in catchment hydrology that are due to more than a simple change in precipitation: evaporation state. Oxygen isotope data from endogenic carbonates follow these faunal changes but also displays a longer trend to more positive values through the period, coincident with regional patterns of water balance for the late Holocene in the eastern Mediterranean

Fire, climate and the origins of agriculture: micro-charcoal records of biomass burning during the Last Glacial Interglacial Transition in Southwest Asia

This study investigates changes in climate, vegetation, wildfire and human activity in Southwest Asia during the transition to Neolithic agriculture between ca. 16 and ca. 9 ka. In order to trace the fire history of this region, we use microscopic charcoal from lake sediment sequences, and present two new records: one from south central Turkey (Akgo¨ l) and the other from the southern Levant (Hula). These are interpreted primarily as the result of regional-scale fire events, with the exception of a single large event ca. 13 ka at Akgo¨ l, which phytolith analysis shows was the result of burning of the local marsh vegetation. Comparison between these and other regional micro-charcoal, stable isotope and pollen records shows that wildfires were least frequent when the climate was cold and dry (glacial, Lateglacial Stadial) and the vegetation dominated by chenopod–Artemisia steppe, and that they became more frequent and/or bigger at times of warmer, wetter but seasonally dry climate (Lateglacial Interstadial, early Holocene). Warmer and wetter climates caused an increase in biomass availability, with woody matter appearing to provide the main fuel source in sites from the Levant, while grass fires predominated in the interior uplands of Anatolia. Southwest Asia’s grasslands reached their greatest extent during the early Holocene, and they were maintained by dry-season burning that helped to delay the spread of woodland by up to 3 ka, at the same time as Neolithic settlement became established across this grass parkland landscape. Although climatic changes appear to have acted as the principal ‘pacemaker’ for fire activity through the last glacial–interglacial climatic transition (LGIT), human actions may have amplified shifts in biomass burning. Fire regimes therefore changed markedly during this time period, and both influenced, and were influenced by, the cultural-economic transition from hunter-foraging to agriculture and village lif

Mutations in Drosophila enabled and rescue by human vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) indicate important functional roles for Ena/VASP homology domain 1 (EVH1) and EVH2 domains

Journal ArticleDrosophila Enabled (Ena) was initially identified as a dominant genetic suppressor of mutations in the Abelson tyrosine kinase and, more recently, as a member of the Ena/human vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) family of proteins. We have used genetic, biochemical, and cell biological approaches to demonstrate the functional relationship between Ena and human VASP

Modern pollen rain–vegetation relationships along a forest–steppe transect in the Golestan National Park, NE Iran

Pollen rain-vegetation relationships were studied over a forest-steppe transect in Golestan National Park, NE Iran. The surface pollen percentages were compared to the vegetation composition of the respective vegetation types in 18 sampling points using both descriptive and numerical approaches. Hyrcanian lowland forests are characterized by pollen assemblages dominated by Quercus, Carpinus betulus and low frequencies of Zelkova carpinifolia. Both Parrotia persica and Zelkova carpinifolia show a very low pollen representation in modern surface samples, an under-representation that should be taken into account in the interpretation of past vegetation records. Transitional communities between the forest and steppe including Acer monspessulanum subsp. turcomanicum, Crataegus and Paliurus scrubs, Juniperus excelsa woodlands and shrub-steppe patches are more difficult to distinguish in pollen assemblages, however, they are characterized by higher values of the dominant shrub species. The transitional vegetation communities at the immediate vicinity of the forest show also a substantial amount of grass pollen. Many insect-pollinated taxa are strongly under-represented in the pollen rain including most of the rosaceous trees and shrubs, Rhamnus, Paliurus, Acer and Berberis. Artemisia steppes are characterized by very high values of Artemisia pollen and the near absence of tree pollen

Implementasi Mendongeng dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Bahasa Anak Usia Dini

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasi kegiatan mendongeng dalam meningkatkan kemampuan Bahasa anak usia dini. Mendongeng merupakan sebuah seni tentang cerita dari suatu peristiwa dan disampaikan secara lisan. Kegiatan mendongeng yang melibatkan pendengaran dan pengamatan oleh anak-anak akan menumbuhkan dari segi Bahasa anak itu sendiri. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Pengumpulan data yang diperlukan dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui kegiatan observasi dari pelaksanaan kegiatan mendongeng. Mendongeng dapat meningkatkan kemampuan Bahasa anak yakni pada aspek menceritakan kembali isi cerita secara sederhana, menjawab pertanyaan tentang dongeng dengan baik, dan melanjutkan isi cerita dongeng. Peningkatan terjadi pada siklus I ke siklus I pada masing-masing aspek penilaian. Aspek menceritakan kembali isi cerita secara sederhana mengalami peningkatan yakni pada siklus I sebesar 50% atau 7 anak menjadi 85,8% atau 12 anak yang memenuhi indicator keberhasilan. Pada aspek menjawab pertanyaan tentang dongeng dengan baik juga mengalami peningkatan, yakni pada siklus I sebesar 50% atau 7 anak menjadi 85,8% atau 12 anak yang memenuhi indicator keberhasilan. Pada aspek melanjutkan isi cerita dongeng juga mengalami peningkatan yakni pada siklus I sebesar 71,4% atau 10 anak menjadi 92,9% atau 13 anak yang memenuhi indicator keberhasilan. Dengan hasil ini karena pada siklus II telah memenuhi indicator keberhasilan, maka penelitian telah selesai.Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini bagaimana impelementasi mendongeng dalam meningkatkan kemampuan Bahasa anak usia dini di SPS Flamboyan 54. Mendongeng merupakan sebuah seni tentang cerita dari suatu peristiwa dan disampaikan secara lisan. Kegiatan mendongeng yang melibatkan pendengaran dan pengamatan oleh anak-anak akan menumbuhkan dari segi Bahasa anak itu sendiri. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Pengumpulan data yang diperlukan dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui kegiatan observasi dari pelaksanaan kegiatan mendongeng. Mendongeng dapat meningkatkan kemampuan Bahasa anak yakni pada aspek menceritakan kembali isi cerita secara sederhana, menjawab pertanyaan tentang dongeng dengan baik, dan melanjutkan isi cerita dongeng. Peningkatan terjadi pada siklus I ke siklus I pada masing-masing aspek penilaian. Aspek menceritakan kembali isi cerita secara sederhana mengalami peningkatan yakni pada siklus I sebesar 50% atau 7 anak menjadi 85,8% atau 12 anak yang memenuhi indicator keberhasilan. Pada aspek menjawab pertanyaan tentang dongeng dengan baik juga mengalami peningkatan, yakni pada siklus I sebesar 50% atau 7 anak menjadi 85,8% atau 12 anak yang memenuhi indicator keberhasilan. Pada aspek melanjutkan isi cerita dongeng juga mengalami peningkatan yakni pada siklus I sebesar 71,4% atau 10 anak menjadi 92,9% atau 13 anak yang memenuhi indicator keberhasilan. Dengan hasil ini karena pada siklus II telah memenuhi indicator keberhasilan, maka penelitian telah selesai. &nbsp

EKSPLORASI KONSEP DILATASI ETNOMATEMATIKA PADA BATIK TEMBAKAU JEMBER

Etnomatematika merupakan ragam cara yang berbeda dalam melakukan matematika yang memperhitungkan penggunaan konsep-konsep matematika dalam sistem akademik yang dikembangkan di berbagai lapisan masyarakat dengan tetap memperhatikan tujuan yang berbeda – beda, dimana perbedaan budaya akan menciptakan perbedaan dalam praktek matematikanya (cara berhitung, mengelompokkan, mengukur, merancang bangunan atau alat, bermain dan lainnya). Berdasarkan hal tesebut&nbsp; penelitian ini bertujuan&nbsp; mendeskripsikan hasil eksplorasi etnomatematika pada batik tembakau Jember. Metode analisis dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Rumah Batik Rolla Jember dan Rezti’z Batik Tegalsari Ambulu Jember. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama satu minggu. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Etnomatematika pada batik motif tembakau khas Jember mempunyai konsep matematis berupa konsep dilatasi