Technical product risk assessment: Standards, integration in the erm model and uncertainty modeling

European Union has accomplished, through introducing New Approach to technical harmonization and standardization, a breakthrough in the field of technical products safety and in assessing their conformity, in such a manner that it integrated products safety requirements into the process of products development. This is achieved by quantifying risk levels with the aim of determining the scope of the required safety measures and systems. The theory of probability is used as a tool for modeling uncertainties in the assessment of that risk. In the last forty years are developed new mathematical theories have proven to be better at modeling uncertainty when we have not enough data about uncertainty events which is usually the case in product development. Bayesian networks based on modeling of subjective probability and Evidence networks based on Dempster-Shafer theory of belief functions proved to be an excellent tool for modeling uncertainty when we do not have enough information about all events aspect

Benefits of smart control of hybrid heat pumps: an analysis of field trial data

Smart hybrid heat pumps have the capability to perform smart switching between electricity and gas by employing a fully-optimized control technology with predictive demand-side management to automatically use the most cost-effective heating mode across time. This enables a mechanism for delivering flexible demand-side response in a domestic setting. This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the fine-grained data collected during the world’s first sizable field trial of smart hybrid heat pumps to present the benefits of the smart control technology. More specifically, a novel flexibility quantification framework is proposed to estimate the capability of heat pump demand shifting based on preheating. Within the proposed framework, accurate estimation of baseline heat demand during the days with interventions is fundamentally critical for understanding the effectiveness of smart control. Furthermore, diversity of heat pump demand is quantified across different numbers of households as an important input into electricity distribution network planning. Finally, the observed values of the Coefficient of Performance (COP) have been analyzed to demonstrate that the smart control can optimize the heat pump operation while taking into account a variety of parameters including the heat pump output water temperature, therefore delivering higher average COP values by maximizing the operating efficiency of the heat pump. Finally, the results of the whole-system assessment of smart hybrid heat pumps demonstrate that the system value of smart control is between 2.1 and 5.3 £ bn/year

Whole-systems assessment of the value of energy storage in low-carbon electricity systems

Energy storage represents one of the key enabling technologies to facilitate an efficient system integration of intermittent renewable generation and electrified transport and heating demand. This paper presents a novel whole-systems approach to valuing the contribution of grid-scale electricity storage. This approach simultaneously optimizes investment into new generation, network and storage capacity, while minimising system operation cost, and also considering reserve and security requirements. Case studies on the system of Great Britain (GB) with high share of renewable generation demonstrate that energy storage can simultaneously bring benefits to several sectors, including generation, transmission and distribution, while supporting real-time system balancing. The analysis distinguishes between bulk and distributed storage applications, while also considering the competition against other technologies, such as flexible generation, interconnection and demand-side response

A probabilistic method for the operation of three-phase unbalanced active distribution networks

YesThis paper proposes a probabilistic multi-objective optimization method for the operation of three-phase distribution networks incorporating active network management (ANM) schemes including coordinated voltage control and adaptive power factor control. The proposed probabilistic method incorporates detailed modelling of three-phase distribution network components and considers different operational objectives. The method simultaneously minimizes the total energy losses of the lines from the point of view of distribution network operators (DNOs) and maximizes the energy generated by photovoltaic (PV) cells considering ANM schemes and network constraints. Uncertainties related to intermittent generation of PVs and load demands are modelled by probability density functions (PDFs). Monte Carlo simulation method is employed to use the generated PDFs. The problem is solved using ɛ-constraint approach and fuzzy satisfying method is used to select the best solution from the Pareto optimal set. The effectiveness of the proposed probabilistic method is demonstrated with IEEE 13- and 34- bus test feeders

Electrical Components for Marine Renewable Energy Arrays: A Techno-Economic Review

This paper presents a review of the main electrical components that are expected to be present in marine renewable energy arrays. The review is put in context by appraising the current needs of the industry and identifying the key components required in both device and array-scale developments. For each component, electrical, mechanical and cost considerations are discussed; with quantitative data collected during the review made freely available for use by the community via an open access online repository. This data collection updates previous research and addresses gaps specific to emerging offshore technologies, such as marine and floating wind, and provides a comprehensive resource for the techno-economic assessment of offshore energy arrays

Lean Business Practice as Support to QMS Implementation in According to ISO 9001:2015

Abstract The contemporary market conditions impose increasingly strict requirements on organizations. Orientation towards product quality is one of the optimum strategies enabling survival and development in the ever more globalized market. The business practice required by ISO 9001 standard is often insufficient for an organization to survive in the market. Therefore many organizations, in addition to developing and implementing Quality Management System (QMS), optimize their operative processes by implementing the Lean tools. The paper provides a concept of interconnecting the ISO 9001:2015 standard requirements with the possible Lean tools deployment, which is to contribute to promoting effectiveness of the implemented QMS.</jats:p

An approach to machine tools structure selection for wooden product machining based on evidence networks

During the product development phase, especially in the case of innovative products, designers used to face the unpleasant situation to be obliged to take decisions under conditions which are characterized by a relevant degree of uncertainty and even contradiction. This situation is quite frequent in the very early phases of the design process, where a large part of external conditions are not fully defined. It is also the case of a designer of machine tools. As methodological response able to fill this informative gap, the present paper presents a way for using "evidential systems" as supporting tool for designers. These tools represent a sort of expert systems in which knowledge is represented and processed by the function of the Belief Function Theory (also called Dempster-Shafer Theory). In particular, beyond a deep description of this methodology, the paper is focused on the conceptual design of a machine tool, i.e. determination of the best structure of machining center in the phase of conceptual design for a predefined group of wooden parts that are being machined on them