Karakter Agronomi Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Hasil Dan Mutu Rajangan Kering Tembakau Temanggung

Hasil dan mutu tembakau temanggung merupakan hasil interaksi pengaruh genetik tanaman dan kondisi ling-kungan tumbuh. Pada tembakau virginia, peubah-peubah agronomi tanaman merupakan karakter genetik ta-naman yang mempengaruhi hasil dan mutu. Pada tembakau temanggung, hal ini belum diketahui. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh peubah agronomi sebagai karakter genetik tembakau temanggung dan ka-itannya dengan hasil dan mutu rajangan kering dilakukan di rumah kaca Balittas, Malang sejak Maret–Agus-tus 2008. Sembilan kultivar tembakau temanggung disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok yang diulang ti-ga kali. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap peubah agronomi yang dimulai pada saat pemangkasan sampai pa-nen akhir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peubah agronomi yang meliputi tinggi tanaman, sudut daun, luas daun, jumlah daun, bobot spesifik daun, luas daun per helai, bobot kering tanaman, bobot kering tajuk, bobot kering akar, rasio tajuk/akar, bobot kering batang, bobot kering daun, bobot kering bunga, dan bobot kering tunas samping merupakan karakter genetik tembakau temanggung. Karakter agronomi tersebut mem-pengaruhi hasil dan mutu rajangan kering dengan total pengaruh masing-masing sebesar 92,8% dan 76,7%. Lima karakter agronomi utama yang mempengaruhi hasil rajangan kering adalah luas daun per helai, jumlah daun, bobot spesifik daun, tinggi tanaman, dan bobot kering daun dengan total pengaruh sebesar 89,4%. Adapun lima karakter agronomi utama yang mempengaruhi mutu rajangan kering adalah luas daun, rasio tajuk/akar, bobot kering tanaman, bobot kering bunga, dan tinggi tanaman dengan total pengaruh sebesar 75,7%. The yield and quality of temanggung tobacco are influenced by plant genetic and growth environmental. In virginia tobacco, plant agronomic variables were genetical characteristics determining yield and quality. The effect of agronomical characteristic on yield and quality of temanggung tobacco is not yet well defined. The research which aim to find plant agronomical variables as genetic characters and its relationship on dry slice and quality of temanggung tobacco, was conducted in glass house of IToFCRI, Malang from March–August 2008. Nine cultivars of temanggung tobacco were arranged in randomized block design and three replica-tions. The results showed that agronomic variables i.e. plant height, leaf angle, leaf area, number of leaf, spe-cific leaf weight, leaf area per strand, plant dry weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, shoot/root ratio, bast dry weight, leaf dry weight, flower dry weight, and sucker dry weight were genetic characters of temang-gung tobacco, which had effect on yield and quality with total effect of them were 92.8% and 76.7% res-pectively. Leaf area per strand, number of leaf, specific leaf weight, plant height, and leaf dry weight were agronomical characteristics which had significant effect on dry slice yield of 89.4%. Leaf area, shoot/ root ra-tio, plant dry weight, flower dry weight, and plant height were agronomical characteristics which had signi-ficant effect on quality of 75.7%

Tanggapan Partisi Karbohidrat Tembakau Temanggung Terhadap Dosis Pupuk Nitrogen Dan Kaitannya Dengan Hasil Dan Kadar Nikotin Rajangan Kering

Partisi karbohidrat untuk pertumbuhan tanaman tembakau menentukan hasil dan kadar nikotin rajangan ke-ring. Kuantitas partisi karbohidrat ke masing-masing organ tanaman dipengaruhi oleh genetik tanaman dan kondisi lingkungan tumbuh, termasuk dosis pupuk N yang diberikan. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk me-ngetahui tanggapan partisi karbohidrat tembakau temanggung terhadap dosis pupuk N dan kaitannya dengan produksi dan kadar nikotin dilakukan di rumah kaca Balittas, Malang dari Maret–Agustus 2009. Perlakuan 6 dosis pupuk N (0; 1,62; 3,64; 4,86; 6,48; dan 8,10 g N/tanaman atau setara dengan 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, dan 150 kg N/ha) disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa partisi karbohidrat untuk pertumbuhan tajuk tanaman selama 0–60 hari setelah tanam (hst) mengalami penurunan dan selama 60 hst–panen akhir mengalami peningkatan seiring dengan peningkatan dosis pupuk N, demikian pula sebaliknya untuk organ akar. Dalam tajuk tanaman, partisi karbohidrat untuk batang selama 0–30 hst mengalami peningkatan dan selama 45 hst–panen akhir mengalami penurunan seiring dengan peningkatan dosis pupuk N. Hal sebaliknya terjadi pada organ daun. Adapun partisi karbohidrat untuk pertumbuhan bunga dan tunas samping mengalami peningkatan seiring dengan peningkatan dosis pupuk N. Dalam akar, partisi karbohidrat untuk pembentukan jaringan akar mengalami penurunan selama tanam–panen akhir seiring dengan peningkatan dosis pupuk N dan hal sebaliknya terjadi pada pembentukan senyawa nikotin. Partisi karbohidrat untuk pertumbuhan organ tanaman yang mempengaruhi hasil rajangan kering adalah partisi karbohidrat untuk pertumbuhan tajuk selama 0–30 hst dan 60 hst–panen akhir, batang selama 0–30 hst, daun selama 45 hst–panen akhir, dan pembentukan nikotin selama 45–60 hst. Adapun partisi karbohidrat yang mempengaruhi kadar nikotin adalah partisi karbohidrat untuk pembentukan nikotin selama 0–30 hst. Carbohydrate partitioning for plant growth determines dry slice yield and nicotine content of temanggung tobacco. Quantity of carbohydrate partitioning of each plant organs is influenced by genetic and environ-ment, including the N fertilizer. The research aims to determine the carbohydrate partitioning responses of temanggung tobacco to N fertilizer and their correlation with dry slice yield and nicotine content was conducted in the greenhouse of IToFCRI, Malang from March to August 2009. Treatment of 6 doses of fertilizer N (0, 1.62, 3.64, 4.86, 6.48, and 8.10 g N/plant, equivalent to 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 kg N/ha) arranged in a randomized block design and three replications. The results showed that carbohydrate partitioning of shoot growth during 0–60 days after planting (dap) decreased and during 60 dap–the end harvesting increased with increasing doses of fertilizer N, and vice versa for the root organs. In the shoot, carbohydrate partitioning of the stem during 0–30 dap increased and during 45 dap–the end harvesting decreased with increasing doses of fertilizer N. The opposite occurs in leaf organs. The carbohydrate partitioning of flower and sucker increased with increasing doses of fertilizer N. In root organs, carbohydrate partitioning to the formation of root tissue decreased during planting–the end harvesting with increasing doses of fertilizer N and the opposite occured in the formation of nicotine compounds. Carbohydrate partitioning to plant growth occured that influence dry slice yield were carbohydrate partitioning to shoot during 0–30 dap and 60 dap–the end harvesting, the stem during 0–30 dap, the leaf during 45 dap–the end harvesting, and the formation of nicotine during 45–60 dap. Carbohydrate partitioning to plant growth that affect nicotine levels was carbohydrate partitioning to the formation of nicotine during 0–30 dap

Tanggapan Fisiologi Tanaman Tembakau Temanggung Terhadap Dosis Pupuk Nitrogen Serta Kaitannya Dengan Hasil Dan Mutu Rajangan

Temanggung tobacco is a local tobacco, with high nicotine content. Nitrogen available in soil affects dry sliced yield and nicotine content. The experiment was conducted in glasshouse of IToFCRI Malang from March–August 2009. The treatment consist of six levels of N fertilizer (0, 1.62, 3.64, 4.86, 6.48, and 8.10 g N/plant), were arranged in randomized block design with three replications. Every threatment in one repli-cation received 2.70 g P2O5 + 1.35 kg manure. The results showed that physiological plant parameters (N-leaf, chlorophyll content, specific leaf weight, photosynthesis rate, respiration rate, light efficiency to CO2 re-duction (EF0), and coefficient of leaf maintenance respiration (CLMR)), dry slice yield, and nicotine content were affected by N rates. The response of these parameters on N fertilizer were expressed by closed qua-dratic curves, which maximum rate of N fertilizer were 7.89, 7.89, 54.75, 9.50, 26.25, 21.50, 10.00, 6.08, and 6.86 g N/plant respectively. Dry sliced yield were affected by chlorophyll content, respiration rate, and specific leaf weight. Nicotine content were affected by photosynthesis rate, CLMR, respiration rate, and chlo-rophyll content

Karakter Tanaman Tembakau Temanggung Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Hasil Dan Mutu Rajangan Kering

Peningkatan hasil dan mutu rajangan kering tembakau temanggung dapat dilakukan bila telah diketahui ka-rakter tanaman yang berpengaruh terhadap hasil dan mutu rajangan kering. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menentukan karakter utama tembakau temanggung yang berpengaruh terhadap hasil dan mutu rajangan kering dilakukan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat, Malang pada Oktober−Desember 2010. Lima karakter fisiologis utama, lima karakter fenologis utama, dan lima karakter pertumbuhan tanaman uta-ma, hasil, dan mutu rajangan diambil dari data base penelitian tahun 2008. Analisis regresi linier berganda langkah mundur dilakukan untuk menentukan karakter utama yang mempengaruhi hasil dan mutu rajangan kering. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 6 karakter utama tembakau temanggung yang mem-pengaruhi hasil rajangan kering dan 8 karakter utama yang mempengaruhi mutu rajangan kering. Keenam karakter utama yang mempengaruhi hasil rajangan kering mulai dari yang paling besar pengaruhnya secara verturut-turut adalah partisi karbohidrat untuk pertumbuhan tajuk pada 0−30 hst, bobot kering daun, jum-lah satuan panas dari daun muncul−daun berhenti meluas, jumlah satuan panas dari panen pertama−pa-nen akhir, jumlah satuan panas dari berbunga−panen akhir, dan tinggi tanaman. Dari keenam karakter uta-ma tersebut, partisi karbohidrat untuk pertumbuhan tajuk pada 0−30 hst, jumlah satuan panas dari panen pertama−panen akhir, dan jumlah satuan panas dari berbunga−panen akhir berpengaruh negatif terhadap hasil rajangan kering, sedangkan yang lainnya berpengaruh positif. Adapun kedelapan karakter utama yang mempengaruhi mutu rajangan kering mulai dari yang paling besar pengaruhnya secara berturut-turut adalah partisi karbohidrat untuk pembentukan nikotin dan pertumbuhan tajuk pada 60 hst−panen akhir, partisi kar-bohidrat untuk pertumbuhan tajuk pada 30−45 hst, jumlah satuan panas dari tanam−pemangkasan, partisi karbohidrat untuk pertumbuhan daun pada 0−30 hst, jumlah satuan panas dari daun berhenti meluas−daun dipanen, partisi karbohidrat untuk pertumbuhan bunga, dan tinggi tanaman. Dari kedelapan karakter utama tersebut, partisi karbohidrat untuk pembentukan nikotin pada 60 hst−panen akhir dan untuk tajuk pada 30− 45 hst serta jumlah satuan panas dari daun berhenti meluas−daun dipanen berpengaruh positif terhadap mutu rajangan kering, sedangkan yang lainnya berpengaruh negatif. Yield and quality of dry sliced temanggung tobacco could increase when the plant characters which affect them have been identified. The aim of the research was to identify the important plant characters which affect yield and quality of dry sliced temanggung tobacco. The experiment was conducted at Indonesian To-bacco and Fiber Crops Research Institute (IToFCRI), Malang from October to December 2010. A data base of the research result in 2008 was used as data source for five physiological characters, five phenological characters, five plant growth characters, dry sliced yield, and quality. Backward stepwise analysis was used to determine the important plant characters wich affect the dry sliced yield and quality. The results showed that the were six important characters that affected dry sliced yield and eight main characters affected dry sliced quality. The six characters that affected dry sliced yield sorted from the largest were carbohydrate partitioning for shoot growth in 0−30 dap, leaf dry weight, total heat unit from leaf initiation to harvesting period, total heat unit from first harvesting to final harvesting, total heat unit from flowers initiation to final harvesting, and plant height. The carbohydrate partitioning for shoot growth in 0−30 dap, total heat unit from first harvesting to final harvesting, and total heat unit from flowers initiation to final harvesting had ne-gative effect on dry sliced yield, and the others had positive effects. The eight characters that affected dry sliced quality sorted from the largest were carbohydrate partitioning for nicotine formation and the shoot growth from 60 dap−final harvesting, carbohydrate partitioning for shoot growth in 30−45 dap, total heat unit from planting to topping, carbohydrate partitioning for leaf growth in 0−30 dap, total heat unit from ter-minal leaf expansion to harvesting period, carbohydrate partitioning for the flower growth, and plant height. The carbohydrate partitioning for nicotine formation from 60 dap−final harvesting, carbohydrate partitioning for shoot growth in 30−45 dap, and total heat unit from terminal leaves expansion to leaf harvest had posi-tive effect on dry sliced quality and the others had negative effect

Pengaruh Kelembaban Tanah Terhadap Karakter Agronomi, Hasil Rajangan Kering Dan Kadar Nikotin Tembakau (Nicotiana Tabacum L; Solanaceae) Temanggung Pada Tiga Jenis Tanah [Soil Moisture Effects on Agronomic Characters, Yield and Nicotine Content of Temanggung Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L; Solanaceae) at Three Types of Soil]

Research on the effect of soil moisture on agronomic characters, yield and nicotine content of Temanggung tobacco has been conducted in the Research Institute for Tobacco and Fibre Crops at Malang, East Java from March to October 2010. The treatment has been arranged in a Splitplot design with 3 replications. The experimental plot consisted of three types of soil: Complex Eutrudepts-Hapludalfs, Vitraquands, and Complex Dystrudepts-Hapludalfs. The subplot comprised 5 levels of soil moisturation: 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100% of field capacities. The results showed that the dry slice yield, content of nicotine, and agronomic characters of the Temanggung tobacco were affected by the result of interaction between soil moisture and type. The decreasing of soil moisture up to 40% from field capacity in the Complex Eutrudepts- Hapludalfs had decreased dry slice yield, nicotine content, plant height, root length, dry weight of plant, shoots, roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and suckers accounted for 54.3, 19.3, 33.7, 17.1, 74.1, 71.4, 82.3, 80.1, 54.3, 60.5 and 86.5% respectively, in the Vitraquands 72.7,20.2, 37.0, 13.2, 79.8, 78.5, 84.3, 80.7, 72.7, 63.3 and 87.8% respectively, and in the Complex Dystrudepts-Hapludalfs 74.2, 23.0, 39.6, 15.7, 79.3, 78.0, 83.6, 80.3, 74.2, 79.1 and 80.6% respectively

Pengaruh Kondisi Ketinggian Tempat Terhadap Produksi Dan Mutu Tembakau Temanggung

Tembakau temanggung banyak dibudidayakan pada daerah pegunungan, terutama di lereng Gunung Sum-bing dan Gunung Sindoro. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketinggian tempat terhadap produksi dan mutu tem-bakau temanggung maka dilakukan percobaan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor lingkungan terhadap pro-duksi dan mutu tembakau temanggung. Percobaan pot dilakukan di Kabupaten Temanggung-Jawa Tengah, pada bulan Maret–Agustus 2008 dengan 3 perlakuan lokasi tumbuh yang mempunyai perbedaan elevasi tempat, yakni (1) Desa Tlilir berelevasi 1395 m dpl, (2) Desa Wonotirto berelevasi 1245 m dpl, dan (3) Desa Sunggingsari berelevasi 880 m dpl dengan media tanah yang sama (seri Wonotirto). Perlakuan disusun da-lam rancangan tersarang dengan 9 ulangan, dimana ulangan tersarang dalam perlakuan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa lokasi tumbuh mempengaruhi produksi dan kadar nikotin tembakau yang dihasilkan. Produksi rajangan kering tertinggi (28,3 g/tanaman) diperoleh dari tembakau yang ditanam di Desa Wono-tirto sedangkan kadar nikotin tertinggi (6,24%) diperoleh Desa Tlilir. Perbedaan lokasi tumbuh diikuti oleh perbedaan unsur-unsur lingkungan (temperatur udara, kelembapan udara relatif, curah hujan, dan jumlah hari hujan) selama masa hidup tanaman. Unsur lingkungan yang mempengaruhi produksi adalah temperatur udara, kelembapan relatif, curah hujan, dan jumlah hari hujan. Adapun unsur lingkungan yang mempenga-ruhi kadar nikotin adalah elevasi tempat, temperatur udara, dan kelembapan relatif. Temanggung tobacco is cultivated in highly areas, especially at Sumbing and Sindoro mountainside. To de-termine the effect of land elevation on yield and quality of temanggung tobacco, experiment had been con-ducted at different land elevation. Pot experiment was conducted in the Temanggung Regency-Central Java, on March–August 2008 with 3 treatments of growth location which has different site altitude, that is (1) Tlilir with site altitude 1395 m above sea level (asl), (2) Wonotirto with site altitude 1245 m asl, and (3) Sung-gingsari with site altitude 880 m asl with the same soil (Wonotirto series). The treatments were arranged in nested design with nine replications, which the replications were nested in the treatment. Result showed that growth location affect on yield and nicotine content. The highest production of dried sliced (28.3 g/ plant) was obtained in Wonotirto while the highest nicotine content (6.24%) was obtained in Tlilir. Differences in growth location followed by the difference of the environmental elements (air temperature, relative humi-dity, rainfall, and number of rainy days) during the lifetime of the plant. Environmental element that affect the production is the air temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and number of rainy days. The environmen-tal elements that affect the nicotine content is the site altitude, air temperature, and relative humidity