Visions, values, voices: A Survey of Artificial Intelligence Researchers

As excitement and investment in artificial intelligence grow, a number of surveys have sought to understand public views. There have been very few attempts to understand the attitudes of AI researchers. Given the uncertainties around the opportunities and threats of AI technologies, the views of those closest to the technology are crucial. In summer 2024, a research team from University College London’s Department of Science and Technology Studies fielded a survey of AI researchers designed to understand their values, their visions for the future of AI, and what they though about the role of public voices in AI. Our survey included questions that had been asked in representative UK public surveys, to map overlaps and gaps between public and AI researchers’ views. We analysed the responses from 4,260 AI researchers, making it the largest survey of AI researchers to date. Our insights include the following: Researchers do not speak with one voice: they report diverse and divergent views about innovation and responsibilities in AI Researchers are more positive than members of the public about the benefits of AI Researchers and the public share concerns about disinformation, data use and cybercrime There is a sense of technological inevitability in AI research 'Optimist’ and ‘pessimist’ researchers report different views on AI Researchers tend to have a ‘deficit model’ of the public Researchers want the public involved downstream, not upstream Researchers want AI to reflect human values but do not pay attention to social science research Researchers think it is more important for society to debate risks than benefits Researchers and the public disagree about who should be responsible for the safe use of AI Researchers want greater care for training data Researchers are less concerned than the public are when it comes to explaining AI outputs Researchers are concerned about who sets research agendas for AI

Increasing Brand Loyalty through Environmental Marketing on the Example of Guerlain

В статье рассмотрено понятие экологического маркетинга, его влияние на лояльность аудитории к бренду Guerlain, пути использования экологического маркетинга брендами для повышения лояльности аудитории.The article examines the concept of environmental marketing, its impact on audience loyalty to the Guerlain brand, ways of using environmental marketing by brands to increase audience loyalty

Inflammatory markers in pregnancy – identifying drivers in four large cohorts

Introduction: Adaptations of the immune system throughout gestation have been proposed as important mechanisms regulating successful pregnancy. Dysregulation of the maternal immune system has been associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. The design and interpretation of human biomarker studies require additional insights in the trajectories and drivers of peripheral immune markers. Methods: The current study mapped maternal inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-23, interferon-γ) during pregnancy and investigated the impact of demographic, environmental and genetic drivers on maternal inflammatory marker levels in four multi-ethnic and socio-economically diverse population-based cohorts with more than 12,000 pregnant participants. Additionally, pregnancy inflammatory markers were compared to pre-pregnancy levels. Results: Cytokines showed a high correlation with each other, but not with CRP. Inflammatory marker levels showed high variability between individuals, yet high concordance within an individual over time during and pre-pregnancy. Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) explained ~ 9.6% of the variance in CRP, but less than 1% of the variance in cytokines. The polygenic score of CRP was the best predictor of variance in CRP (14.1%). Gestational age and previously identified inflammation drivers, including tobacco use and parity, explained less than 1% of variance in both cytokines and CRP. Discussion: Our findings corroborate differential underlying regulatory mechanisms of CRP and cytokines and are suggestive of an individual inflammatory marker baseline which is, in part, genetically driven.</p