Measurement of the Spin-Dependence of the pbar-p Interaction at the AD-Ring

We propose to use an internal polarized hydrogen storage cell gas target in the AD ring to determine for the first time the two total spin-dependent pbar-p cross sections sigma_1 and sigma_2 at antiproton beam energies in the range from 50 to 450 MeV. The data obtained are of interest by themselves for the general theory of pbar-p interactions since they will provide a first experimental constraint of the spin-spin dependence of the nucleon-antinucleon potential in the energy range of interest. In addition, measurements of the polarization buildup of stored antiprotons are required to define the optimum parameters of a future, dedicated Antiproton Polarizer Ring (APR), intended to feed a double-polarized asymmetric pbar-p collider with polarized antiprotons. Such a machine has recently been proposed by the PAX collaboration for the new Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at GSI in Darmstadt, Germany. The availability of an intense stored beam of polarized antiprotons will provide access to a wealth of single- and double-spin observables, thereby opening a new window on QCD spin physics.Comment: 51 pages, 23 figures, proposal submitted to the SPS committee of CER

Polarizing a stored proton beam by spin flip?

We discuss polarizing a proton beam in a storage ring, either by selective removal or by spin flip of the stored ions. Prompted by recent, conflicting calculations, we have carried out a measurement of the spin-flip cross section in low-energy electron-proton scattering. The experiment uses the cooling electron beam at COSY as an electron target. The measured cross sections are too small for making spin flip a viable tool in polarizing a stored beam. This invalidates a recent proposal to use co-moving polarized positrons to polarize a stored antiproton beam. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

PENGARUH SIKLUS HIDUP PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui serta menganalisis pengaruh siklus hidup perusahaan terhadap manajemen laba. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan-perusahaan yang berada pada indeks LQ45 dari tahun 2015 sampai tahun 2019. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diambil dari laporan keuangan masing-masing perusaahaan. Jumlah perusahaan yang menjadi sampel dalam penelitian adalah 24 perusahaan dengan kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Variabel independen dalam penelitian adalah siklus hidup perusahaan yang diproyeksikan dengan pola arus kas oleh Dickinson dan dalam penelitian ini diteliti siklus growth dan mature. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah manajemen laba yang diproyeksikan dengan akrual diskresioner oleh Jones. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah siklus hidup perusahaan berpengaruh positif terhadap manajemen laba

Supporting Experts in Early Drug Discovery: Algorithmic and Visualization Approaches for Improved Synthetic Accessibility

Since early drug development largely takes place on the computer, it must be ensured that the virtually developed structures are not only theoretically effective but also practically producible. To ensure this, the synthesizability of candidates must be included in the design process as early as possible. However, synthesizability is a complex issue that requires a deep understanding of chemistry, practical experience, and often creativity; all characteristics that are difficult to automate. For these reasons, existing methods and approaches address the problem from different directions and attempt to solve different aspects of it. In this work, algorithms were developed to promote the integration of synthesizability into early drug design. The aim is to support synthetic chemists during the design phase of new structures. The modification and optimization of lead structures is a fundamental concept for modern drug development. This includes the systematic exploration and refinement of the chemical structure to improve its pharmacological properties such as efficacy, selectivity and metabolic stability. In the first approach, a method for generating synthetically accessible structural analogues was developed, starting with a lead structure, to enable the efficient synthesis of structural analogues during the design-make-test-analysis cycle. For the developed approach, it was decided explicitly not to create new, artificially constructed synthetic pathways, but to leave the selection of a suitable synthetic route to the synthetic chemist and only generate structural analogues that can in theory be produced via the selected pathway. With synthetic pathways that have already been tested in own laboratories and are well established, structural analogues can be generated, that not only have the desired physicochemical properties but can be tested quickly and efficiently in experiments. Desired reactants can be individually selected to favor one’s own library of building blocks or to allow only commercially available ones. The ability of the method not only to create synthetically accessible, property-specific chemical spaces of structural analogues, but also to be used for the analysis of the synthetic effort of molecule series is demonstrated. The concept of synthesizability is based on chemical reactions. Generic reaction patterns are commonly chosen formats to represent chemical reactions so that a computer can read, analyze, and apply them. The correct creation and human understanding of these patterns is essential for the computer to receive the correct instructions. However, these string-based representations are often difficult to read and interpret, even for trained chemists or developers. To support the use and distribution of these representations of chemical reactions and to provide an easy way to understand them, an algorithm for the visualization of chemical reaction patterns has been developed. The simplicity of interpreting reaction patterns using the chosen visualization strategy is explained using various examples. In addition, two common reaction data sets are provided fully visualized. Synthetic routes are typically constructed and adapted by chemists using their extensive knowledge of common synthesis methods and practical experience. This includes careful selection of starting materials, consideration of well-known chemical reactions, and avoidance of structures that are notoriously difficult to synthesize. In a third approach, a method has been developed to modify synthetic routes and adapt them to individual needs and circumstances. Functionality is provided to exchange all structures as well as all reactions in a synthetic pathway. The physicochemical properties of all structures can be influenced. The individual customization options are explained using examples. In addition, a further use case is presented in which the method is used to analyze which scaffold structures from a given set are synthetically accessible for scaffold hopping with a specific target structure

La cohérence cardiaque : définition, intérêts et applications en psychiatrie

Le concept de cohérence cardiaque est apparu aux États-Unis vers les années 1995 et reste encore peu connu en France.Définition du conceptSi on a longtemps pensé que le rythme cardiaque était parfaitement régulier, on sait aujourd’hui que la fréquence cardiaque varie en permanence. Or, cette variabilité (VFC) est un excellent reflet de la capacité du cœur à moduler son rythme en fonction des sollicitations internes et externes. Elle est régulée par le système nerveux autonome (SNA), comprenant les systèmes sympathique (accélérateur) et parasympathique (frein) et sous la dépendance d’un circuit complexe incluant plusieurs régions cérébrales, corticales et limbiques. La synchronisation de l’activité de ces 2 systèmes provoque un phénomène de « balancier physiologique » appelé cohérence cardiaque. Or, le rythme cardiaque reflète notre état émotionnel, qui en affecte à son tour les aptitudes du cerveau à organiser l’information. Nos pensées, perceptions et réactions émotionnelles sont transmises du cerveau au cœur via les deux branches du système nerveux autonome et sont liées au rythme cardiaque. Mais les liens entre cœur et cerveau sont réciproques : en modifiant notre rythme cardiaque notamment en modifiant notre respiration, on influence le fonctionnement du cerveau et donc potentiellement notre état émotionnel.Applications thérapeutiquesEn utilisant un capteur de pulsations placé sur le doigt ou sur le lobe de l’oreille, relié à un ordinateur équipé d’un logiciel informatique, on peut en direct par la méthode de biofeedback suivre et ajuster sa courbe de cohérence cardiaque. Les travaux récents suggèrent que la VFC est un indicateur de la capacité à faire face au stress et à la régulation des émotions d’où son intérêt dans les troubles dépressifs et anxieux. Les programmes de cohérence cardiaque semblent cependant efficaces dans la gestion du stress quel qu’il soit et s’adressent donc à tous nos patients.</jats:sec

Differences in wages and redistribution as migration incentives

Only abstract. Paper copies of master’s theses are listed in the Helka database (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Electronic copies of master’s theses are either available as open access or only on thesis terminals in the Helsinki University Library.Vain tiivistelmä. Sidottujen gradujen saatavuuden voit tarkistaa Helka-tietokannasta (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Digitaaliset gradut voivat olla luettavissa avoimesti verkossa tai rajoitetusti kirjaston opinnäytekioskeilla.Endast sammandrag. Inbundna avhandlingar kan sökas i Helka-databasen (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Elektroniska kopior av avhandlingar finns antingen öppet på nätet eller endast tillgängliga i bibliotekets avhandlingsterminaler.In this thesis, I analyze how differences in redistributive tax schedules alone and together with wage differences arising from industry-specific shocks form migration incentives. I do so with the help of a theoretical model in which there are two countries that are identical except that in only one of them income is redistributed. The citizens of these two countries maximize their expected lifetime utility by investing in education and deciding on migration. Allowing for migration increases the investment in human capital by the citizens who initially live in the redistributive country and want to emigrate, while those who wish to emigrate from the country without redistribution may lower their educational effort. Moreover, migration influences the composition of the population of the redistributive country which, in turn, changes the size of the tax revenue and may reduce or increase the flat-rate benefit. Comparing the individuals' utility before and after migration is allowed reveals that integrating labor markets may result in a Pareto improvement