Auditory steady-state responses air and bone conducted in children from zero to six months with and without conductive impairments

Purposecheck the feasibility of searching the minimum response of the Auditory Evoked Potential Steady State by air and bone conduction in children from birth to six months and measure the “gap” air-bone of children with impairment conductive. Methodwe evaluated 60 children from birth to six months, 30 with and 30 without impairment conductive, divided into a control group and study group. Were measured acoustic impedance, otorhinolaryngological evaluation, and the Auditory Evoked Potential Steady State by air and bone conduction. The Auditory Evoked Potential Steady State was carried by air with insert earphones and bone with bone vibrator. By airway responses were surveyed in both ears and bone captured only the left ear. Resultin the control group, there was a predominance of type curve “A”. In the study group, there was a predominance of type curves “B” and “C”. In otorhinolaryngological evaluation found in the control group showed up normal. In the study group, opacity and tympanic membrane retraction. The Auditory Evoked Potential Steady State in the control group by air responses were around 17.2, 26.2, 22, 7 and 19.8 dBHL at frequencies 500 to 4 kHz and bone conduction between 18.8 to 20dBHL. In the study group by airway responses were 53, 56, 50.2 and 48dBNA to 500 to 4kHz and bone of 25, 25, 20 and 20dBHL. Conclusionit was possible to perform the Auditory Evoked Potential Steady State by air and bone conduction in children from birth to six months of age and the “gap” air-bone was around 20dB in children with impairment conductive.Objetivoverificar a viabilidade de pesquisar os níveis mínimos de resposta do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Estado Estável por via aérea e via óssea em crianças do nascimento aos seis meses e mensurar o “gap” aéreo-ósseo de crianças com comprometimento condutivo. Métodoavaliadas 60 crianças, 30 com comprometimento condutivo e 30 sem, distribuídas em grupo controle e estudo. Foram realizadas medidas de imitância acústica, avaliação otorrinolaringológica e Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Estado Estável por via aérea e via óssea. O Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Estado Estável foi realizado por via aérea com fones de inserção e por via óssea com vibrador ósseo. Por via aérea as respostas foram pesquisadas em ambas as orelhas e por via óssea captadas somente da orelha esquerda. Resultadono grupo controle, houve predominância de curva do tipo “A”. No grupo estudo, de curvas tipo “B” e tipo “C”. Na avaliação otorrinolaringológica do grupo controle evidenciou-se normalidade da membrana timpanica. No grupo estudo, opacidade e retração. No Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Estado Estável do grupo controle por via aérea as respostas foram em torno de 17,2; 26,2; 22, 7 e 19,8dBNA nas frequências 500 a 4KHz e para via óssea entre 18,8 a 20dBNA. No grupo estudo por via aérea as respostas foram de 53; 56; 50,2 e 48dBNA e por via óssea de 25; 25; 20 e 20dBNA. Conclusãofoi possível realizar a avaliação dos Potenciais Evocados Auditivos de Estado Estável por via aérea e via óssea em crianças até os seis meses e o “gap” aéreo-ósseo foi em torno de 20dB nas crianças com comprometimento condutivo.Universidade Federal de Santa MariaUNIFESPUNIFESPSciEL

Is there adaptation of the exocrine pancreas in wild animal? The case of the Roe Deer.

International audienceABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Physiology of the exocrine pancreas has been well studied in domestic and in laboratory animals as well as in humans. However, it remains quite unknown in wildlife mammals. Roe deer and cattle (including calf) belong to different families but have a common ancestor. This work aimed to evaluate in the Roe deer, the adaptation to diet of the exocrine pancreatic functions and regulations related to animal evolution and domestication. RESULTS: Forty bovine were distributed into 2 groups of animals either fed exclusively with a milk formula (monogastric) or fed a dry feed which allowed for rumen function to develop, they were slaughtered at 150 days of age. The 35 Roe deer were wild animals living in the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests, shot during the hunting season and classified in two groups adult and young. Immediately after death, the pancreas was removed for tissue sample collection and then analyzed. When expressed in relation to body weight, pancreas, pancreatic protein weights and enzyme activities measured were higher in Roe deer than in calf. The 1st original feature is that in Roe deer, the very high content in pancreatic enzymes seems to be related to specific digestive products observed (proline-rich proteins largely secreted in saliva) which bind tannins, reducing their deleterious effects on protein digestion. The high chymotrypsin and elastase II quantities could allow recycling of proline-rich proteins. In contrast, domestication and rearing cattle resulted in simplified diet with well digestible components. The 2nd feature is that in wild animal, both receptor subtypes of the CCK/gastrin family peptides were present in the pancreas as in calf, although CCK-2 receptor subtype was previously identified in higher mammals. CONCLUSIONS: Bovine species could have lost some digestive capabilities (no ingestion of great amounts of tannin-rich plants, capabilities to secrete high amounts of proline-rich proteins) compared with Roe deer species. CCK and gastrin could play an important role in the regulation of pancreatic secretion in Roe deer as in calf. This work, to the best of our knowledge is the first study which compared the roe deer adaptation to diet with a domesticated animal largely studied

Expression of verocytotoxic Escherichia coli antigens in tobacco seeds and evaluation of gut immunity after oral administration in mouse model

Verocytotoxic Escherichia (E.) coli strains are responsible for swine oedema disease, which is an enterotoxaemia that causes economic losses in the pig industry. The production of a vaccine for oral administration in transgenic seeds could be an efficient system to stimulate local immunity. This study was conducted to transform tobacco plants for the seed-specific expression of antigenic proteins from a porcine verocytotoxic E. coli strain. Parameters related to an immunological response and possible adverse effects on the oral administration of obtained tobacco seeds were evaluated in a mouse model. Tobacco was transformed via Agrobacteium tumefaciens with chimeric constructs containing structural parts of the major subunit FedA of the F18 adhesive fimbriae and VT2e B-subunit genes under control of a seed specific GLOB promoter. We showed that the foreign Vt2e-B and F18 genes were stably accumulated in storage tissue by the immunostaining method. In addition, Balb-C mice receiving transgenic tobacco seeds via the oral route showed a significant increase in IgA-positive plasma cell presence in tunica propria when compared to the control group with no observed adverse effects. Our findings encourage future studies focusing on swine for evaluation of the protective effects of transformed tobacco seeds against E. coli infection

A contribuição das ferramentas da qualidade e estoque na melhoria dos processos de pintura em uma empresa metalúrgica em Nova Bassano/RS

Este estudo traz por objetivo identificar a contribuição do uso das ferramentas da qualidade e estoque na melhoria dos processos de pintura em uma empresa metalúrgica em Nova Bassano/RS por meio de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa de nível exploratório, com procedimentos bibliográficos e documentais e com estratégia de estudo de caso único. O processo produtivo e a qualidade são abordados em termos conceituais e de aplicação observando os preceitos do Sistema Toyota de Produção e seus impactos no processo de fabricação. A compilação das respostas apresenta a confirmação de que a utilização de procedimentos que permitam mitigar as perdas no processo de produção e que esteja respaldado por equipamentos e o adequado treinamento da equipe representa a conjunção de fatores capazes de oferecer um ambiente propício ao fornecimento de um resultado com a qualidade esperada em um processo de pintura industrial [resumo fornecido pelo autor]

Emotions and perception of time, a look at children diagnosed with DSA e ADHD

openLa percezione del tempo è data dalla presenza di un orologio interno che valuta e memorizza le durate temporali. Solitamente è molto accurato, ma gli stimoli emotivi possono alteralo provocando una sovrastima o sottostima (Allman, Meck & Penny, 2016). Il presente studio vuole porre lo sguardo sulla percezione di durate temporali (400 ms, 600 ms, 800ms, 1000ms, 1200, 1400ms, 1600ms) in un campione di bambini con diagnosi DSA, confrontati con un gruppo di controllo nel compito di bisezione temporale. Il test somministrato ai partecipanti chiede di valutare le durate in base a: se vengono percepite come più vicine allo “Standard breve” o allo “Standard lungo” di immagini che hanno come soggetti volti di adulti e di bambini, i quali possono esprimere l’emozione di rabbia, l’emozione neutra e di tristezza. Definendo se e come le emozioni e il volto adulto o di bambino possono influenzare la valutazione delle durate temporali

A inteligência artificial como prática mediadora para o ensino e aprendizagem na educação

A pesquisa versa sobre a inserção das técnicas de Inteligência Artificial na educação, bem como o reconhecimento das características que envolvem o uso dessas técnicas como prática mediadora para ensinar e aprender. De forma mais precisa, discorre sobre o uso dos sistemas tutores inteligentes para promover um ensino e aprendizagem personalizados. Embora as transformações sociais, mesmo em períodos distintos, venham adentrando o cotidiano da sociedade e alterando os hábitos de vida, a mutação tecnológica, incorporada de virtualização e conectividade, permeia esse espaço cultural e desafia o modelo tradicional do binômio ensino e aprendizagem. A mudança pode ser fundamental quando é possível reconhecer uma necessidade social e, nessa perspectiva, o objetivo geral deste trabalho é identificar as características que permeiam o uso das técnicas de inteligência artificial como prática mediadora para o ensino e a aprendizagem. Para cumprir com o objetivo principal, optou-se pela construção de uma pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter qualitativo exploratório, embasada nos principais autores científicos como Bittencourt (1998), BNCC (2018); Crochik (1998); Dowbor (2009); Freire (2015); Kuramoto (2009); Lemos (2009); Lévy (1999); Lévy (2001); Palacios(2009); Simões (2009); Turing (1950) e Vicari (2018). Os resultados da referida investigação evidenciaram que o sujeito contemporâneo já vivencia a mutação tecnológica, o que sinaliza a importância de os sistemas tutores inteligentes adentrarem os espaços escolares de modo a acompanharem as tendências do cotidiano. Da mesma forma, é possível o desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades do estudante por meio da utilização dos recursos advindos de técnicas de IA para oferecer um ensino e uma aprendizagem contemporâneos. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]The research is about the insertion of Artificial Intelligence techniques in education. More precisely, it discusses the use of intelligent tutoring systems to promote personalized teaching and learning. Although social transformations, even in different periods, have been entering the daily life of society and changing its habits, the technological mutation, incorporated in virtualization and connectivity, permeates this cultural space and challenges the traditional model of the teaching and learning binomial. Change can be fundamental when it is possible to recognize a social need and, in this perspective, the general objective of to identify the characteristics that have the use of artificial intelligence techniques as a mediating practice for teaching and learning. To fulfill the main objective, we chose to build a bibliographic research of an exploratory qualitative nature, based on the main scientific authors such as Bittencourt (1998), BNCC (2018); Crochik (1998); Dowbor (2009); Freire (2015); Kuramoto (2009); Lemos (2009); Levy (1999); Lévy (2001); Palaces (2009); Simões (2009); Turing (1950) and Vicari (2018). The results of this investigation showed that the contemporary subject is already experiencing technological change, which signals the importance of intelligent tutoring systems to enter school spaces in order to follow everyday trends. Similarly, it is possible to develop student skills and abilities through the use of resources derived from AI techniques to offer contemporary teaching and learning. [resumo fornecido pelo autor

In vivo antitumor effect of proteoglycan fraction from Agaricus brasiliensis does not depend on the production of antitumor antibodies / O efeito antitumoral in vivo da fração proteoglicana de Agaricus brasiliensis não depende da produção de anticorpos antitumorais

Polysaccharides isolated from the edible mushroom Agaricus brasiliensis were previously shown to have antitumor, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activity. Here, we evaluated the in vivo effect of the acid-treated fraction from A. brasiliensis (ATF) on the subcutaneous growth of Ehrlich tumor cells (EHR) and on the production of tumor-specific antibodies. Mice (n=10) were inoculated with 2 × 106 EHR and injected subcutaneously in the tumor inoculum region with 0.1 mL ATF or saline. Control (tumor-free) group received ATF or saline. Treatments were carried out for 7, 14, or 30 days, with three consecutive doses and an interval of 4 days between the first and last doses, being repeated until the end of each experimental period.  Histopathological analysis shows the infiltration of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells into the tumor site of all tumor-bearing mice. Tumor stimulated the influx of polymorphonuclear cells in the early stages, especially at 7 days, while the influx of mononuclear cells was higher in the final stages, at 14 and 30 days in all animals, independently of the treatment with ATF. Treatment of animals for 30 days reduced the tumor weight in 30% but we did not find a correlation with the antitumor antibody production since both treated and untreated mice were able to produce them

Auditory evoked potential mismatch negativity in normal-hearing adults

Introduction Mismatch Negativity (MMN) corresponds to a response of the central auditory nervous system. Objective The objective of this study is to analyze MMN latencies and amplitudes in normal-hearing adults and compare the results between ears, gender and hand dominance. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Forty subjects participated, 20 women and 20 men, aged 18 to 29 years and having normal auditory thresholds. A frequency of 1000Hz (standard stimuli) and 2000Hz (deviant stimuli) was used to evoked the MMN. Results Mean latencies in the right ear were 169.4ms and 175.3ms in the left ear, with mean amplitudes of 4.6μV in the right ear and 4.2μV in the left ear. There was no statistically significant difference between ears. The comparison of latencies between genders showed a statistically significant difference for the right ear, being higher in the men than in women. There was no significant statistical difference between ears for both right-handed and left-handed group. However, the results indicated that the latency of the right ear was significantly higher for the left handers than the right handers. We also found a significant result for the latency of the left ear, which was higher for the right handers. Conclusion It was possible to obtain references of values for the MMN. There are no differences in the MMN latencies and amplitudes between the ears. Regarding gender, the male group presented higher latencies in relation to the female group in the right ear. Some results indicate that there is a significant statistical difference of the MMN between right- and left-handed individuals