Teeth sizes in their correlation with parameters of dentofacial arches and maxillofacial area based on native cranial preparations examination

The work offers a view on the results obtained from a radiological and morphometric study of native preparations obtained from 43 passported skulls with physiological occlusion and normodontia of permanent teeth under neutral position of the jaws and a neutral type of gnathic facial skull. It was found that in patients with physiological occlusion of permanent teeth, skulls with neutral type of gnathic facial part of the cranium as well as neutral jaw relationships proved to be predominant, while the major parameters of the dentofacial arches are determined through mesial-distal diameters of the teeth

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF REGIONAL PERIODONTIUM TISSUEHEMODYNAMICS IN PATIENTS WITH PHYSIOLOGICAL OCCLUSION AND DENTOALVEOLAR ANOMALIES

The rheoperiodontography method was employed to estimate both qualitative and quantitative parameters in children and adolescents (aged 12-15) with physiological occlusion and dentoalveolar anomalies in order to analyze their periodontium hemodynamics. Patients with hypoplasia of the jaws and teeth overcrowding reveal change in the vascular reactivity of periodontium along with an advanced activity of the mechanisms responsible for the vascular tone rise and decreased elasticity of the vascular wall. These are indicative of the pre-clinical signs of periodontal disease leading to persistent vasoconstriction and microcirculatory disorders

SALIVARY THE LEVEL OF PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN CHILDREN WITH AUTOIMMUNE DIABETES MELLITUS IN DIFFERENT PHASES OF COMPENSATION ENDOCRINOPATHY

Aim. To assess the dynamics of the level of proinflammatory cytokines and their receptors in mixed saliva in patients with autoimmune diabetes mellitus during the period of the occlusal occlusion at various stages of disease compensation and to determine the possibility of applying these values in the early diagnosis and control of the effectiveness of endocrinopathy.Materials and methods. The material of laboratory-diagnostic and clinical studies was the results of examination of 93 children during the period of the change of occlusion, which were divided into two groups. The comparison group consisted of children without endocrine pathology. The main group consisted of children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus, which were divided into two subgroups depending on the degree of endocrinopathy compensation. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their receptors in the unstimulated oral liquid was carried out by the solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the «Vector-Best»» and «Cytokine» reagent kits.Results. With the compensated form of autoimmune diabetes mellitus, there is an overregulation of regulatory mechanisms with an imbalance in the level of soluble receptors initiating the realization of the proinflammatory properties of these cytokines. The decompensated form of autoimmune diabetes is caused by an absolute increase in virtually all pro-inflammatory cytokines in the oral fluid, with an even more pronounced imbalance in their soluble receptors.Conclusion. In parallel with the therapeutic measures concerning the underlying disease in children with autoimmune diabetes mellitus the expediency of conducting a comprehensive dental examination with subsequent medical observation of doctors of a stomatology profile. In connection with a direct correlation be-tween the degree of activity of caries process and increase the severity of endocrinopathy, treatment and preventive measures in children with autoimmune diabetes should be regularly monitored and conducted with utmost care

METHODS OF BIOMETRICAL DIAGNOSTICS IN TRANSVERSAL DIRECTION IN PATIENTS WITH MESOGNATHIC TYPE OF DENTAL ARCHES

Aim. A comparative analysis of the horizontal parameters of mesognathic dental arches by the method of Pont and Linder-Harth. Materials and methods. The materials of the research were the results of measurements of diagnostic gypsum models of dental rows of 117 people aged 18-25 with a complete set of permanent teeth, physiological occlusion, mesognathic type of dental arches and various types of dental system. Measurement and calculation of the parameters of the dental arches in the transversal direction were carried out using the methods of Pont and Linder-Harth. Gnathic variants (mesognathy, dolichognathy, brachygnathy) of dental arches (Dmitrienko S.V., 2015) were determined taking into account the dental index calculated as the ratio of the half sum of the width of the crowns of 14 teeth to the width of the dental arch between the second molars. The types of the dental system (normodontia, macrodontia, microdontia) were determined from the summation of the width of the crowns of the upper teeth. Results. Biometric diagnostics of 117 pairs of gypsum models of dentition made it possible to establish that the methods of Pont and Linder-Harth are acceptable for the study of mesognathic dental arches as an estimate of transverse dimensions. There was no significant difference between the calculated indices and actual sizes in patients with mesognathic dental arches and various types of dental system, both in the premolar region and in the molar region. The size of the teeth is of decisive importance for the evaluation of the width of the dental arches of the mesognathic type. Conclusion. Optimization of medical and diagnostic measures in the clinic of orthodontics and orthopedic dentistry in the management of adult patients with dental-jaw pathology provides for the improvement of anthropometric studies, as well as the advisability of reviewing the conventional diagnostic regimens when studying the shape and size of dental arches to predict positive long-term results. Mathematically derived dependences of dental types of dental arches from their transversal parameters are informative, diagnostically significant values that can be used to predict the shape and size of dental arches in the treatment of patients with dentoalveolar anomalies in order to achieve an optimal functional and aesthetic result. The use of the Pont and Linder-Harth method in the analysis of the mesognathic dental arches has no significant errors, and can be used at the stages of diagnosis of shape and size anomalies in the transverse direction

Application of chitosan-based wound dressings in local treatment of parenchymal organ wounds: a preclinical experimental study

Background. Injuries of various origins with damage to parenchymal organs remain one of the urgent issues of emergency surgery, despite all the achievements of medical science of the first quarter of the XXI century. One way to improve the quality of treatment for patients with this pathology consists in developing new wound dressings or modifying the properties of existing ones. Hemostatic efficacy is claimed to be one of the main requirements for such dressings.Objective. To perform a comparative analysis of the efficacy of the developed biodegradable wound dressings based on chitosan in the treatment of experimental wounds of parenchymal organs.Methods. The study involved laboratory animals (male rabbits weighing 2900 ± 150 g) to form experimental wounds of parenchymatous organs. The methodology involved wounding the liver via internal method, with the creation of a tissue defect of a given volume, or forming a linear incised wound with fixed parameters followed by application of a developed wound dressing. In the control group of animals, a collagen hemostatic sponge was used as a wound dressing. The animals used in the experiment were kept in accordance with GOST 33044-2014 “Principles of good laboratory practice”. The experiment involved studying the properties of two samples of wound dressings developed on the basis of modified Chitosan Soft (Ch-S) and Chitosan Hard (Ch-H) chitosan, having different properties due to their different structural parameters. The applied ultrasound control of the experimental wound area, with visualization of the samples of the investigated material in the process of biodegradation, enabled the features of the wound process to be studied in more detail. Statistical processing of the study results was carried out by methods of variational statistics, including the calculation of mean values (M), standard errors of mean values (± m). The criterion of the level of statistical significance considered a value of p <0.05. Histomorphological examination of samples was carried out using classical methods.Results. An experimental study conducted on laboratory animals in the treatment of liver wounds, followed by a comprehensive assessment of the results obtained, revealed high efficacy in the developed wound dressings in comparison with the control. The following parameters predicted in the development of wound dressing samples were confirmed: stable hemostatic and scaffold functions, biodegradability, adhesiveness and stimulating effect on bioreparative processes in the wound area. In addition, the ultrasound control algorithm in vivo was adapted in animals to assess the dynamics of the wound process and biodegradation of the studied wound dressings in wounds of parenchymal organs in the experiment, previously used in studying the dynamics of the wound process in soft tissues.Conclusion. The developed samples of chitosan-based wound dressings proved their efficacy in an experimental model of the wound process in parenchymal organs. The applied ultrasonic method for monitoring the biodegradation of the studied wound dressing, as well as the dynamics of the wound process in the liver tissue, revealed the correspondence between the visualized image and the histomorphological picture of the studied tissues, the structure and properties of the wound dressing

Individual anatomical variability of dental arches in the period of mixed dentition with optimal occlusal ratios

Based on the results of a biometric study of plaster models of the jaws obtained in 84 children in the period of mixed dentition (8–12 years old) with a neutral location of the first permanent molars and optimal incisal overlap corresponding to the optimal functional occlusion of this age category, the main linear and angular parameters of the dental arches were determined with taking into account the trusive position of the incisors. Patients, taking into account the size of the inter-incisal angle, were divided into three groups. The first group (n=33) consisted of children with a mesotrusion position of the incisors (the value of the inter-incisor angle was 125–140°), the second group (n=27) consisted of children whose incisors were located protrusive (the value of the inter-incisor angle was less than 125°), the third group (n=24) – children with retrusion position of the incisors (the value of the inter-incisal angle is more than 140°). It has been established that in the period of mixed dentition, the main linear morphometric parameters of the dental arches are determined by the trusive types of the dental system and the vestibular-lingual inclination of the incisors. A diagnostically significant characteristic of the conjugation of the shape and size of the dental arches in the period of mixed dentition is the dental-diagonal coefficient, as the ratio of the length of the dental arch to the total component of the incisor-molar diagonals, the value of which for all types of dental systems is: for the upper jaw – 1.06 ± 0 .01; for the lower jaw – 1.09±0.01. It has been proven that in the period of mixed dentition the value of the incisal angle of the pentagon formed by the incisal diagonal and the width between the incisors is the smallest in children with protrusive incisors, while the parameters of the canine angle of the pentagon formed by the canine diagonal and the intercanine width are the largest in children with retrusion position of the incisors.</jats:p

BUCCAL EPITHELIUM REACTIVITY INDICATORS AS MARKERS OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENT IN PATIENTS WITH DENTOALVEOLAR PATHOLOGY

Laboratory and diagnostic methods were used to perform quantitative assessment of natural microbial colonization in buccal epithelium in children (adolescents) aged 10-15 years with an optimal functional occlusion and malocclusion, and resistance of their buccal epithelial cells to artificial microbial colonization was studied as well. It was found that patients with dentoalveolar abnormalities characterized with morphological and functional disorders of varying degrees, showed dysbiotic changes in the mucosal epithelium, reflecting the severity of destabilizing processes in the oral homeostasis, and selective decrement in colonization resistance of mucous membranes due to the changes in the adhesive properties of the epithelium

Morphometric parameters of brachygnathic dental arches considering size of permanent teeth

The study involved 257 individuals with physiological occlusion of their permanent teeth and the brachygnathic shape of the dental arches. The outcomes revealed a certain dependence between the major linear parameters of brachygnathic dental arches and the size of the permanent teeth. The main indicator of the brachygnathic dental arch is the dental arch index (the ratio of the depth of the arch to its width), which was below 0.71. Visually these types of arches are defined as “short” and “wide”. The feature typical of those with brachygnathic normodontia and microdontia include front teeth retrusion and low values of vestibular-lingual inclination of the teeth

DIAGNOSIS IMMUNOPATOLOGICHESKIH DISORDERS IN CHILDREN WITH DIABETES TYPE I

According to the results of immunological, biochemical studies of blood serum and oral fluid in 92 children with autoimmune diabetes mellitus in the period of the mixed occlusion investigated the cellular, humoral links of immunity and established the balance of bone metabolism at various stages of compensation endocrinopathy. Data were compared with similar parameters 48 children of I–II health groups. The obtained results allow asserting that with increasing severity of disease in children with autoimmune diabetes mellitus there is a significant weakening of the recovery processes of bone tissue, the development of local immunodeficiency, depression of cellular immunity in the presence of pronounced immunometabolic disorders

Study of the profile of the soft tissues of the face, taking into account the individual typological features of the dental arches

Based on the results of the analysis of profile photostatic images of 96 people aged 18–25 years with physiological types of bite, the main anthropometric landmarks were determined and the position of the lips relative to the nasal line passing through the “n” point (nasion) and the “sn” point (subnasale) was studied. Depending on the size of the interincisal angle of the antagonistic medial incisors, which determine whether they belong to the trusive type of dental arches, patients were divided into three groups with mesotrusion (n=37), protrusive (n=34) and retrusion (n=25) types of dental arches. It was found that in almost all patients of the first group, the upper lip touches the nasal line, and the lower lip recedes slightly backwards, while the average value of the incisal angle is 135.24±3.09°. In most patients of the second group, the upper and lower lips are located anterior to the nasal line, and the average inter-incisal angle is 116.24±3.02°. Mostly in patients of the third group, the upper and lower lips were located behind the nasal line, and the average values of the incisal angle were 146.24±3.34°. The data obtained expand the understanding of the topography of the facies contour of the upper and lower lips with various types of dental arches, are of applied importance for assessing the harmony of the aesthetic profile of the soft tissues of the face, and are also criteria for the effectiveness of the rehabilitation of patients with dentoalveolar pathology, taking into account the individual characteristics of the maxillofacial region.</jats:p