Uterine devascularization

Uterine devascularization is a valuable alternative to hysterectomy or internal iliac arteries ligation in case of otherwise intractable obstetrical haemorrhage. Has a higher success rate as compared to that of internal iliac arteries ligation. Can be dealt with, vaginally or through abdomen, in this case may be employed curatively or preventively

Planning approaches for sanitation systems in peri-urban areas: a case study from Tanzania

The planning and improvement of sanitation systems represents a critical problem for low - income countries, in particular in rapid growing periurban areas. This paper illustrates the assessment of the Community - Led Urban Environmental Sanitation (CLUES) and the Sanitation Safety Planning (SSP) approaches, tested for the design of an improved sanitation system in periurban areas of Iringa Municipality, in Tanzania. The application in field of the two approaches permitted to evidence and analyse their strengths and weaknesses, and possibilities to increase their potentials with an integrated use . The experience, applied to a case study, aims to be an example of application for ractitioners dealing with sanitation planning in context showing similar characteristics

Airlines jet fuel hedging strategies, ou, Les stratégies de couverture des compagnies aériennes pour faire face au risque de fluctuations du prix du kérosène

Si nous regardons l’évolution du prix du pétrole depuis 1995, nous remarquons qu’il a beaucoup fluctué. En effet, le prix du baril a progressé jusqu’en 2008 pour finalement retomber brutalement en l’espace de quelques mois. Cette instabilité peut avoir un impact sérieux sur les compagnies qui dépendent de cette matière première. Les compagnies aériennes ont vu leurs coûts sur le carburant augmenter dramatiquement. Malgré les progrès technologiques pour diminuer la consommation de carburant, ces coûts peuvent atteindre jusqu’à 40% des charges d’exploitation. La concurrence sur le marché pousse ces compagnies à baisser leurs marges. En effet, la marge avant imposition en 2013 était en moyenne de 3%. Face à la forte volatilité du prix du pétrole, les compagnies aériennes sont exposées au risque de subir des pertes liées à ces coûts. Pour contrer ce risque, certaines compagnies adoptent des stratégies de hedging afin de stabiliser leurs coûts de carburant. Ces stratégies impliquent l’utilisation d’instruments financiers tels que les swaps et les options. Ces derniers sont les plus utilisés puisqu’ils peuvent être adaptés aux besoins des compagnies aériennes. Cependant, plusieurs compagnies ont renoncé à opter pour une stratégie de hedging. En effet, certaines compagnies aériennes ont subi d’énormes pertes à cause de leurs stratégies de hedging. Depuis 2011, le pétrole brut n’a pas subi d’énormes fluctuations comme celles de 2008. Les compagnies non-couvertes ont pu bénéficier d’un avantage sur leurs concurrents couverts qui ont payé le carburant plus cher à cause du coût de la stratégie de hedging. En revanche, ces compagnies sont exposées au risque d’une augmentation du prix du carburant qui peut leur être fatale. Est-ce que cet avantage en vaut la peine ? La compagnie aérienne américaine Delta a opté pour une tout autre stratégie. En effet, cette dernière a acheté une raffinerie afin de produire partiellement ses besoins en carburant. La société souhaite grâce à cette intégration verticale réduire ses coûts. Ces différentes stratégies ont toutes des avantages et des inconvénients. Est-ce que les compagnies doivent se couvrir, ne pas se couvrir ou bien acheter une raffinerie ? Ce travail tâchera d’explorer ces options en les évaluant

Recent advances in catalysis using transition metals-bounding organic ligands assisted by ultrasound and/or microwave

Usually, in organic and organometallic synthesis an external conventional heat source is applied to carry out a chemical reaction at high temperature. Nonetheless, these conventional heating systems have some disadvantages as the heterogeneous heating causing a low reproducibility of the results and extended reaction times. A promising alternative is the use of microwave (MW) and ultrasound (US) energy. The use of these techniques has led to considerable advantages as better homogeneity in temperature and very short reaction time. By virtue of the effects mentioned above, the MW and US irradiation constitutes a convenient way to accelerate and improve a great number of organic and organometallic reactions. In this paper, we have compiled an overview developed during the last decade in the synthesis of such catalysts and organic transformations assisted by both techniques mentioned above.Fil: Álvarez, Mónica Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Domini, Claudia Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Silbestri, Gustavo Fabián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur; Argentin

Theoretical status of epsilon'/epsilon

We review the theory of epsilon'/epsilon and present an updated phenomenological analysis using hadronic matrix elements from lattice QCD. The present status of the computation of epsilon'/epsilon, considering various approaches to the matrix-element evaluation, is critically discussed.Comment: 22 pages, 2 eps figures, based on the talks given by M.C. at "Les Rencontres de Physique de la Vallee d'Aoste", La Thuile (Italy), 27 February-4 March 2000 and by G.M. at the "XXXVth Rencontres de Moriond", Les Arcs 1800 (France), 11-18 March 200

Laparoscopic removal of mullerian duct remnants in boys

Abstract: Purpose: Mullerian duct remnants (MDRs) are present in a male pseudohermaphroditic form characterized by failure of the mullerian duct to regress due to insufficient production or peripheral action of mullerian inhibiting substance. The MDR can be asymptomatic but it often results in infections, stones and voiding troubles. Furthermore, it may develop into a neoplasm. Therefore, surgery is mandatory for large MDRs and symptomatic patients. Laparoscopic removal is described. Materials and Methods: Six males were treated from February 1998 to February 2003. Age at surgery was between 3 and 18 years (mean 8.6). All patients showed severe hypospadias and 2 had mixed gonadal dysgenesis with ambiguous genitalia. Three patients presented with urogenital infections and all had a large MDR. Laparoscopic procedures, which were preceded by cystoscopy, were performed using a 10 mm umbilical trocar for the camera and 3, 5 mm trocars for instruments placed in the suprapubic region and iliac fossa bilaterally. The remnants were ligated with endoscopic loops or an endoscopic GIA stapler and cut. Results: Mean operative time was 2 hours. We noted no complications. In 2 cases there was deferential ectopia and in another of mixed gonadal dysgenesis bilateral gonadectomy was performed because of the risk of degeneration. Feeding started on postoperative day I and the patients were discharged home on day 5. After a followup of 8 months to 4 years all boys were healthy. Conclusions: Multiple approaches are used in traditional surgery, often leading to complications. Laparoscopy improves the view, decreases surgical risk and operative time, avoids large scars and allows more rapid hospital discharge

Itsa Cookbook

Published by Gill & Macmillan, Hume Avenue, Park West, Dublin 12 in 2010. Index compiled by Cover to Cover, design by Design Image, Dublin. Printed by GraphyCems, Spain. 212 p., col. ill., 24cm. Access the publishers website herehttps://arrow.tudublin.ie/irckbooks/1104/thumbnail.jp

Analysis of metals and phosphorus in biodiesel B100 from different feedstock using a Flow Blurring® multinebulizer in inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry

A simple and fast method for determining the content of Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, and 20 heavy metals in biodiesel samples with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) using a two-nozzle Flow Blurring® multinebulizer prototype and on-line internal standard calibration, are proposed. The biodiesel samples were produced from different feedstock such as sunflower, corn, soybean and grape seed oils, via a base catalyst transesterification. The analysis was carried out without any sample pretreatment. The standards and samples were introduced through one of the multinebulizer nozzles, while the aqueous solution containing yttrium as an internal standard was introduced through the second nozzle. Thus, the spectral interferences were compensated and the formation of carbon deposits on the ICP torch was prevented. The determination coefficients (R2) were greater than 0.99 for the studied analytes, in the range 0.21–14.75 mg kg−1. Short-term and long-term precisions were estimated as relative standard deviation. These were acceptable, their values being lower than 10%. The LOQ for major components such as Ca, K, Mg, Na, and P, were within a range between 4.9 ng g−1 for Mg (279.553 nm) and 531.1 ng g−1 for Na (588.995 nm), and for the other 20 minor components they were within a range between 1.1 ng g−1 for Ba (455.403 nm) and 2913.9 ng g−1 for Pb (220.353 nm). Recovery values ranged between 95% and 106%.The authors gratefully acknowledge Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) and Instituto de Química del Sur – Universidad Nacional del Sur – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INQUISUR-UNS-CONICET) from Argentina for the financial support. FDAO acknowledges Universidad de Alicante (UA) for his short visit fellowship. Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperación (MAEC) and Dirección de Relaciones Culturales y Científicas (AECID) from Spain for the financial support. The authors wish to thank the Spanish Government (CTQ2011-23968) for the financial support