Unambiguous events and dynamic Choquet preferences.

This paper explores the relationship between dynamic consistency and existing notions of unambiguous events for Choquet expected utility preferences. A decision maker is faced with an information structure represented by a filtration. We show that the decision maker’s preferences respect dynamic consistency on a fixed filtration if and only if the last stage of the filtration is composed of unambiguous events in the sense of Nehring (Math Social Sci 38:197–213, 1999). Adopting two axioms, conditional certainty equivalence consistency and constrained dynamic consistency to filtration measurable acts, it is shown that the decision maker respects these two axioms on a fixed filtration if and only if the last stage of the filtration is made up of unambiguous events in the sense of Zhang (Econ Theory 20:159–181, 2002).Choquet expected utility; Unambiguous events; Filtration; Updating; Dynamic consistency; Consequentialism;

Outsourcing w przedsiębiorstwach aglomeracji poznańskiej

The aim of this article is to describe the state and perspectives of the development of outsourcing in enterprises of Poznań agglomeration. The analysis is based on the results of research carried out in companies located in Poznań agglomeration in June 2017. The study was conducted using questionnaire interviewing techniques in 412 companies. The results of the research lead to the following conclusions. The outsourcing market is dominated by two types: ITO (IT) and BPO (business services – in this case mainly accounting and accounting services) (Puślecki 2008). When deciding on outsourcing, the company expects mainly cost reductions, as keeping their own employees is more expensive than outsourcing. Outsourcing also enables them to smoothly adapt to fluctuations in demand and to improve service quality. The use of outsourcing is mainly connected with large and medium-sized manufacturing companies, but small business services are becoming more and more common in this form of cooperation. Exceptions are micro-enterprises, which, due to their limited scale of operation, carry out all accounting, computer-related activities, etc., on their own. Business declarations related to further plans for resigning from own resources for outsourced businesses, allow us to conclude, that the majority of the surveyed companies have already completed the restructuring processes associated with the organization of the service activity. The use of outsourcing is already a common strategy, and any further reductions in employment associated with it are no longer as common as in the early 2000s.W dobie postępującej globalizacji i wzrastającej konkurencyjności przedsiębiorstwa, kierując się redukcją kosztów oraz strategią działania polegającą na koncentracji na kluczowych – z punktu widzenia firmy – działalnościach, coraz częściej wykorzystują outsourcing. Celem artykułu jest charakterystyka stanu i perspektyw rozwoju outsourcingu w przedsiębiorstwach aglomeracji poznańskiej. Analiza opiera się na wynikach badań przeprowadzonych w przedsiębiorstwach zlokalizowanych na terenie Poznania i powiatu poznańskiego w czerwcu 2017 r. W badaniach wykorzystano technikę wywiadu kwestionariuszowego, objęto nimi 412 przedsiębiorstw

Nowe formy organizacji działalności usługowej i ich rola w rozwoju gospodarczym Poznania na przykładzie centrów usług wspólnych

The aim of this paper is to analyze the activity of Shared Service Centers located in Poznan and their role in the economic development of the city. This article is based on surveys conducted in 2011, in ten centers in Poznań, which concerned, among other things: themes of location, type of services provided, scope of impact. Creating a shared services centers on the one hand brings savings to the corporation (which is the main purpose of their creation), but also is a benefit for the country and the region in which they are located. Their impact on the economic development of the region or city in which they are located can be analyzed in the following aspects: (1) creating new jobs, (2) increase the level of human capital, (3) increase the level of innovation. During the global economic crisis and the continuous growth of unemployment especially among young people, a very important issue is to increase employment opportunities for well-educated young educated people. Most of the employment of service centers is at a high level, so their demand for workers is not without significance in the local labor market. Another aspect, also related to the labor market is the impact of service centers on the formation of human capital at the local level. The increase in demand for specialists in the field (eg. IT or finance, as is the case in Poznan) becomes a stimulus to the development of this sphere of education. So, beyond the influence on employment, further contributing to raising the level of education, increase competence among persons of labor force. Service centers are also an important element of the transfer of new technologies, helping to raise the level of innovation in the region.Celem artykułu jest analiza działalności centrów usług wspólnych zlokalizowanych w Poznaniu i ich rola w rozwoju gospodarczym miasta. Artykuł powstał w oparciu o badania ankietowe przeprowadzone w 2011 r., w dziesięciu poznańskich centrach, które dotyczyły międz

Effect of C-face 4H-SiC(0001) deposition on thermopower of single and multilayer graphene in AA, AB and ABC stacking

The Seebeck coefficient in multilayer graphene is investigated within the density-functional theory, using the semiclassical Boltzmann equations and interpolating the bands in a maximally-localized Wannier functions basis set. We compare various graphene stackings (AA, AB and ABC) both free-standing and deposited on a $4H$-SiC(0001) C-terminated substrate. We find that the presence of the SiC substrate can significantly affect the thermopower properties of graphene layers, depending on the stacking, providing a promising way to tailor efficient graphene-based devices.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

Benevolent and Malevolent Ellsberg Games

Traditionally, real experiments testing subjective expected utility theory take for granted that subjects view the Ellsberg task as a one-person decision problem. We challenge this view: Instead of seeing the Ellsberg task as a one-person decision problem, it can be perceived as a two-player game. One player chooses among the bets. The second player determines the distribution of balls in the Ellsberg urn. The Nash equilibrium predictions of this game depend on the payoff of the second player, with the game ranging from a zero-sum one to a coordination game. Meanwhile, the predictions by ambiguity aversion models remain unchanged. Both situations are implemented experimentally and yield different results, in line with the game-theoretic prediction. Additionally, the standard scenario (without explicit mention of how the distribution is determined) leads to results similar to the zero-sum game, suggesting that subjects view the standard Ellsberg experiment as a game against the experimenter