Equal antipyretic effectiveness of oral and rectal acetaminophen: a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN11886401]

BACKGROUND: The antipyretic effectiveness of rectal versus oral acetaminophen is not well established. This study is designed to compare the antipyretic effectiveness of two rectal acetaminophen doses (15 mg/kg) and (35 mg/kg), to the standard oral dose of 15 mg/kg. METHODS: This is a randomized, double-dummy, double-blind study of 51 febrile children, receiving one of three regimens of a single acetaminophen dose: 15 mg/kg orally, 15 mg/kg rectally, or 35 mg/kg rectally. Rectal temperature was monitored at baseline and hourly for a total of six hours. The primary outcome of the study, time to maximum antipyresis, and the secondary outcome of time to temperature reduction by at least 1°C were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures over time was used to compare the secondary outcome: change in temperature from baseline at times1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours among the three groups. Intent-to-treat analysis was planned. RESULTS: No significant differences were found among the three groups in the time to maximum antipyresis (overall mean = 3.6 hours; 95% CI: 3.2–4.0), time to fever reduction by 1°C or the mean hourly temperature from baseline to 6 hours following dose administration. Hypothermia (temperature < 36.5°C) occurred in 11(21.6%) subjects, with the highest proportion being in the rectal high-dose group. CONCLUSION: Standard (15 mg/kg) oral, (15 mg/kg) rectal, and high-dose (35 mg/kg) rectal acetaminophen have similar antipyretic effectiveness

Kesalahan-kesalahan stroke dalam tenis

71 p.; 20 cm

Dasar dasar tenis

68 p.; 20 cm

The Role of Structural Change in European Regional Productivity Growth

© 2014 Regional Studies Association. O’Leary E. and Webber D. J. The role of structural change in European regional productivity growth, Regional Studies. Recent literature suggests that inter-sectoral structural change has a negligible impact on aggregate productivity growth. Through the application of dynamic shift–share methods, this paper presents a re-examination of this perspective using data for 181 European regions from 1980 to 2007. Results suggest that the effect of the inter-sectoral component is far from negligible and is substantially stronger for those regions towards the higher deciles of the distribution. Moreover, its effects appear to be particularly growth enhancing when the region is either ‘high and improving’ or ‘low and deteriorating’. These results rehabilitate the importance of structural change for growth and convergence

Characterization of the Grayburg Reservoir of the Mobil University unit 15/16 in Dune Field, Crane County, Texas

A project was initiated by the Bureau of Economic Geology in 1981 to investigate the distribution and nature of oil production in Texas. Approximately 500 reservoirs having a cumulative production of more than 10 million barrels of oil each were included in this study; these reservoirs have produced more than 71 percent of the total Texas production. These larger reservoirs were grouped into 47 plays based on the original depositional setting of the rocks and source and on reservoir and trap characteristics. Twenty-seven of these plays located in the Paleozoic basins of North and West Texas account for 73 percent of the total in-place oil in the state. Most of the Paleozoic production is from dolomite reservoirs. Results of this initial reservoir characterization project by the Bureau are summarized in the "Atlas of Major Texas Oil Reservoirs" (Galloway et al., 1983). Reservoirs producing from the San Andres/Grayburg Formations were selected for study because of their high cumulative production and low recovery efficiencies (30 percent average). For example, in Texas, 51 percent (80 billion barrels) of the original oil in place and 43 percent (46 billion barrels) of the cumulative production are from the Permian Basin (Figs. 1 and 2). Within the Permian Basin, 83 percent (16.6 billion barrels) of the cumulative production is from carbonates (Fig. 3), and 46 percent (7.7 billion barrels) of this is from San Andres/Grayburg reservoirs (Fig. 4). Therefore, San Andres/Grayburg reservoirs are major contributors to Texas oil production (17 percent of the total cumulative production of Texas) (Fig. 5). Better geological definition of reservoirs incorporated into engineering models and studies should lead to more efficient development of secondary and tertiary recovery methods.Bureau of Economic Geolog

Genetics of familial hypercholesterolemia

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and premature cardiovascular disease, with a prevalence of approximately 1 in 200-500 for heterozygotes in North America and Europe. Monogenic FH is largely attributed to mutations in the LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 genes. Differential diagnosis is critical to distinguish FH from conditions with phenotypically similar presentations to ensure appropriate therapeutic management and genetic counseling. Accurate diagnosis requires careful phenotyping based on clinical and biochemical presentation, validated by genetic testing. Recent investigations to discover additional genetic loci associated with extreme hypercholesterolemia using known FH families and population studies have met with limited success. Here, we provide a brief overview of the genetic determinants, differential diagnosis, genetic testing, and counseling of FH genetics

Synthesis of Highly Charged Organometallic Dendrimers and Their Characterization by Electrospray Mass Spectrometry and Single-Crystal X-ray Diffraction

Four new carbosilane dendrimers terminated with 12, 24, 36, and 72 benzyl groups have been synthesized and characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization−time-of-flight mass spectrometry. These dendrimers were capped with Cp*Ru+ to yield polycations containing charges of 12+, 24+, 36+, and 72+. The charged dendrimers comprise the largest such structures thus far characterized by electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry. Additionally, for the first time full resolution of individual isotopic distributions has been achieved using ESI FT-ICR techniques, thereby providing unambiguous confirmation of the charges and nuclearities of the dendrimers. The first-generation, ruthenium-containing dendrimer (G1-Ru12) was also characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This polycation has a molecular volume significantly larger than any dendrimer thus far characterized by this technique

Synthesis of Highly Charged Organometallic Dendrimers and Their Characterization by Electrospray Mass Spectrometry and Single-Crystal X-ray Diffraction

Four new carbosilane dendrimers terminated with 12, 24, 36, and 72 benzyl groups have been synthesized and characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization−time-of-flight mass spectrometry. These dendrimers were capped with Cp*Ru+ to yield polycations containing charges of 12+, 24+, 36+, and 72+. The charged dendrimers comprise the largest such structures thus far characterized by electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry. Additionally, for the first time full resolution of individual isotopic distributions has been achieved using ESI FT-ICR techniques, thereby providing unambiguous confirmation of the charges and nuclearities of the dendrimers. The first-generation, ruthenium-containing dendrimer (G1-Ru12) was also characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This polycation has a molecular volume significantly larger than any dendrimer thus far characterized by this technique