Señas de identidad en la literatura caribeña de expresión francesa.

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¿Palas o Minerva?: la recreación del mito clásico en dos textos literarios franceses de la Edad Media.

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Le lexique social chez Rutebeuf.

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Retos del suelo urbano en el contexto del marco legal. El caso de Madrid

RESUMEN Desde el inicio de la crisis económica, el sector inmobiliario ha apostado en el caso de la ciudad de Madrid por la pr omoción de operaciones dentro del suelo urbano frente al desarrollo de los ámbitos de crecimiento exteriores. A partir del análisis de los objetivos de algunas de las últimas operaciones, así como de aquellas reformas legislativas que han contribuido a est e cambio de modelo , la presente comunicación pretende evaluar las consecuencias y retos sobre la ciudad que finalmente se construye. ABSTRACT Since the beginning of the economic crisis, the real estate sector has invested in the case of the city of Madrid by promoting operations within the urbanized land instead of the development of the fields of external growth. From the analysis of the objectives of some of the latest operations, as well as those legislative reforms that have contributed to this c hange of model, this communication aims to assess the consequences and challenges over the city finally built

Dietary assessment methods for micronutrient intake in elderly people: a systematic review

The European micronutrient recommendations aligned (EURRECA) Network of Excellence seeks to establish clear guidelines for assessing the validity of reported micronutrient intakes among vulnerable population groups. A systematic literature review identified studies validating the methodology used in elderly people for measuring usual dietary micronutrient intake. The quality of each validation study selected was assessed using a EURRECA-developed scoring system. The validation studies were categorised according to whether the reference method applied reflected short-term intake ( <7 d), long-term intake ( = 7 d) or used biomarkers (BM). A correlation coefficient for each micronutrient was calculated from the mean of the correlation coefficients from each study weighted by the quality of the study. Thirty-three papers were selected, which included the validation of twenty-five different FFQ, six diet histories (DH), one 24-h recall (24HR) and a videotaped dietary assessment method. A total of five publications analysed BM, which were used to validate four FFQ, and one 24HR, presenting very good correlations only for vitamin E. The analysis of weighted correlation coefficients classified by FFQ or DH showed that most of the micronutrients had higher correlations when the DH was used as the dietary method. Comparing only FFQ results showed very good correlations for measuring short-term intakes of riboflavin and thiamin and long-term intakes of P and Mg. When frequency methods are used for assessing micronutrient intake, the inclusion of dietary supplements improves their reliability for most micronutrients

Concentración de TSH endógena : un nuevo test para el diagnóstico de hipotiroidismo canino

Desde hace varios años disponemos del test para calcular la concentración de tirotropina (TSH) endógena canina. Los estudios publicados hasta el momento coinciden en que se trata de una prueba útil para el diagnóstico del hipotiroidismo en el perro. La concentración basal de TSH canina presenta una sensibilidad moderada (70%) y una especificidad alta (90%). Aunque la interpretación conjunta de los niveles de tiroxina (T4) total y de TSH aporta una buena eficacia diagnóstica, es conveniente descartar enfermedades no tiroideas antes de realizar estas pruebas hormonales. Cuando se evalúa un perro con un cuadro clínico compatible de hipotiroidismo, una concentración baja de T4 Y alta de TSH confirma el diagnóstico.An assay for determination of canine thyrotropin (cTSH) has become available a few years ago. Recent studies agree that determination of cTSH is a useful test for the diagnosis of hypothyroidism in dogs. The basal eTSH concentration has a moderate sensitivity (70%) and a high specificity (90%). Although the interpretation of both thyroxine (T4) and cTSH concentrations provides a good diagnostic accuracy, is suitable to rule out non-thyroidal illnesses before performing thyroid functíon tests. When evaluating a dog with clinical signs consistent with hypothyroidism, the finding of a low thyroxine concentration (T4) and a high eTSH concentration in a dog confirms the diagnosis

Effect of zinc intake on growth in infants: A meta-analysis

A systematic review and meta-analysis of available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to evaluate the effect of zinc (Zn) intake on growth in infants. Out of 5500 studies identified through electronic searches and reference lists, 19 RCTs were selected after applying the exclusion/inclusion criteria. The influence of Zn intake on growth was considered in the overall meta-analysis. Other variables were also taken into account as possible effect modifiers: doses of Zn intake, intervention duration, nutritional status, and risk of bias. From each select growth study, final measures of weight, length, mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), head circumference, weight for age z-score (WAZ), length for age z-score (LAZ), and weight for length z-score (WLZ) were assessed. Pooled β and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Additionally, we carried out a sensitivity analysis. Zn intake was not associated with weight, length, MUAC, head circumference, and LAZ in the pooled analyses. However, Zn intake had a positive and statistically effect on WAZ (β = 0.06; 95%CI 0.02 to 0.10) and WLZ (β = 0.05; 95%CI 0.01 to 0.08). The dose–response relationship between Zn intake and these parameters indicated that a doubling of Zn intake increased WAZ and WLZ by approximately 4%. Substantial heterogeneity was present only in length analyses (I2 = 45%; p = 0.03). Zn intake was positively associated with length values at short time (four to 20 weeks) (β = 0.01; CI 95% 0 to 0.02) and at medium doses of Zn (4.1 to 8 mg/day) (β = 0.003; CI 95% 0 to 0.01). Nevertheless, the effect magnitude was small. Our results indicate that Zn intake increases growth parameters of infants. Nonetheless, interpretation of these results should be carefully considered

The effect of calorie restriction on mouse skeletal muscle is sex, strain and time-dependent

Loss of skeletal muscle mass and function occurs with increasing age. Calorie restriction (CR) increases the lifespan of C57Bl/6 mice, but not in the shorter-lived DBA/2 strain. There is some evidence that calorie restriction reduces or delays many of the age-related defects that occur in rodent skeletal muscle. We therefore investigated the effect of short (2.5 month) and longer term (8.5 and 18.5 months) CR on skeletal muscle in male and female C57Bl/6 and DBA/2 mice. We found that short-term CR increased the satellite cell number and collagen VI content of muscle, but resulted in a delayed regenerative response to injury.Consistent with this, the in vitro proliferation of satellite cells derived from these muscles was reduced by CR. The percentage of stromal cells, macrophages, hematopoietic stem cells and fibroadipogenic cells in the mononucleated cell population derived from skeletal muscle was reduced by CR at various stages. But overall, these changes are neither consistent over time, nor between strain and sex. The fact that changes induced by CR do not persist with time and the dissimilarities between the two mouse strains, combined with sex differences, urge caution in applying CR to improve skeletal muscle function across the lifespan in humans