Osteoma in Agapornis roseicollis

Neoplasias are important causes of illness and death in domestic animals. However, in birds, they are less frequent compared with other species such as dogs and cats. Moreover, benign tumors of bone are even less frequent in captive birds being considered sporadic, which make it a poorly understood entity due to the lack of clinical and histopathological data. Thus, we present a case of an osteoma in a Peach-faced lovebird (Agapornis roseicollis) approaching clinical and morphological aspects. A two-years-old lovebird was referred to the veterinary hospital with a 4-month evolution round to oval tumoral mass on the wing. The nodule was firm, painful when manipulated. Radiographic examination revealed a radiopaque mass in the radius and ulna bones. The animal has died during the surgical procedures. The affected wing was submitted to pathology service and histopathology revealed an osteoma

Arterial, Mixed Venous or Central Venous Hemogasometry and End Tidal CO2 in Dogs under Different Hemodynamic States

Background: Hemogasometric analysis is used in the interpretation of acid-base balance (ABB) and to access pulmonary ventilation. Already mixed venous oxygen saturation obtained at pulmonary artery correlates with tissue oxygenation. However, both samples can be difficult to access because of the difficulties in arterial and pulmonary catheterization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of replacing the arterial and mixed venous bloods, the end tidal pressure of carbon dioxide (EtCO2) and central venous blood in the analysis of pulmonary ventilation, tissue oxygenation and ABB in dogs under different hemodynamic states.Material, Methods & Results: Nine dogs were used with an average weight of 19.6 ± 1.3 kg, anesthetized with isoflurane at 1.4 V% diluted on oxygen 60% (Baseline), and subsequently undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV) and the hypodinamic state (Hypo) with isoflurane at 3.5V% and mean arterial pressure (MAP) lower than 50 mmHg and hyperdynamic state (Hyper) by dobutamine infusion at 5 μg/kg/min and with MAP 30% higher than baseline. For each time allowed a 15 min of stabilization by each hemodynamic status. Simultaneously were collected samples of 0.6 mL of arterial blood by metatarsal artery, mixed and central venous blood by pulmonary artery and right atrium for hemogasometric analysis. To access lung function we correlated and compared the EtCO2 values obtained by gas analyzer with expired carbon dioxide pressure in the arterial blood (PaCO2), mixed venous blood (PmvCO2) and central venous blood (PcvCO2). For the interpretation of tissue oxygenation we correlated and compared the values of mixed (SmvO2) and central (ScvO2) venous oxygen saturation. For the acid-base balance we used the correlation of potencial hydrogen (pH); carbon dioxide pressure (PCO2); bicarbonate ion (HCO3-); base excess (BE); anion GAP (AG); sodium ions (Na+), chlorine ions (Cl-), potassium ions (K+) and ionized calcium (iCa) of arterial (a) mixed venous (mv) and central venous (CV) bloods. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA-RM followed by Dunnet test for differences between times and Tukey’s test for differences among the samples (P ≤ 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis was performed using linear regression and for comparison methods we used the Bland-Altman analysis The EtCO2 values correlated (r = 0.87) and were according to Bland-Altman analysis with PaCO2 values (mean difference of -1.6 ± 2,9 mmHg for PaCO2. There were no differences (P ≤ 0.05) from SmvO2 and ScvO2. ScvO2 correlated (r = 0.91) with SmvO2 at different hemodynamic states and with a mean difference of -0.4 ± 2.5%. Both venous bloods were correlated with the analysis of arterial blood acid-base balance and electrolytes in different hemodynamic states. However, the ionized calcium levels were 40% lower in arterial blood.Discussion: EtCO2 measurement depends of monitor technology and proper pulmonar ventilation and perfusion. In this study the limiting factor in replacing the PaCO2 hair EtCO2 was spontaneous ventilation because in this state pulmonary ventilation is compromissed. With the use of MV was possible get up similar results in the pulmonar function analysis using the EtCO2 and PaCO2. The use of central venous blood instead mixed venous blood at oxygen saturation analysis provided adequate estimate this parameter. This being easier and less invasive technique. ABB was possible with all samples with own reference values for venous and arterial samples. This is an interesting result for critical patients where the arterial sample is difficult. In electrolytes the sample was indifferent except for calcium because pH interfere in this values. It was conclude that the values of EtCO2 and central venous blood are correlated and can replace arterial and mixed venous bloods in the analysis of lung function, tissue oxygenation and acid base balance

Contracepção cirúrgica como método de controle populacional de cães e gatos na cidade de Jataí – Goiás (2016-2017) / Surgical contraception as a method of population control of dogs and cats in the city of Jataí - Goiás (2016-2017)

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi a realização de contracepção cirúrgica de cães e gatos para controle populacional de forma a contribuir também à responsabilidade da tutoria dos animais.  As atividades do projeto objetivaram castrar cirurgicamente os animais de tutores de baixa renda e também animais errantes do município de Jataí-GO, em que posteriormente entraria para adoção ou voltaria para seu lugar de origem. Os procedimentos cirúrgicos constituíram-se de ovariosalpingohisterectomia (OSH) que consiste na remoção dos ovários, das tubas uterinas e útero para fêmeas e orquiectomia para machos (remoção dos testículos e parte do cordão espermático). Durante o período proposto, foi realizado um total de 113 cirurgias contraceptivas. Durante a entrevista para as consultas, sempre era repassado aos tutores sobre a importância em não deixar seu animal solto na rua, vacinação, zoonoses e quais as medidas poderiam ser tomadas quanto ao uso de coleiras, telas e outros. Notou-se que a população reconhece a importância da ação da castração, entretanto ainda são necessárias orientações e educação sobre tutoria responsável e transmissão de zoonoses, além de políticas públicas de controle de cães e gatos

Evaluation of the clinical and cardiorespiratory effects of propofol microemulsion in dogs

This research aimed to evaluate the clinical and cardiorespiratory effects of a propofol formulation with nanometer droplet diameter in dogs. Six adult healthy female dogs weighing 14.8±1.2kg were used in this study. Each dog received two treatments with a 15-day washout period. A microemulsion (MICRO) or lipid emulsion (EMU) of propofol was administered intravenously (IV) for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. Anesthesia was maintained with a constant rate infusion of propofol (0.4mg kg-1 minute-1). Cardiorespiratory variables were recorded before induction (baseline), immediately after and at 15-minute intervals for 90 minutes after treatment. Arterial blood samples were also taken for blood gas analysis, except at 45 and 75 minutes after induction. The mean arterial pressure decreased significantly during both treatments, while the cardiac index decreased significantly only in MICRO treatment. The time to extubation, sternal recumbency, ambulation and total recovery was similar in both treatments. Opisthotonos was observed in 33% of the animals in each treatment. The propofol microemulsion presented clinical and respiratory parameters similar to those obtained with the lipid emulsion commercially available, but had some significantly different hemodynamic characteristics when used for inducing and maintaining anesthesia. Based only in these results, no advantages are seen in the use of this new microemulsion.</jats:p

Estudo retrospectivo dos procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados em cães e gatos em um Hospital Veterinário Universitário na Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil / Retrospective study of surgical procedures performed on dogs and cats at a University Veterinary Hospital in the Midwest Region of Brazil

Os dados sobre a casuística dos procedimentos cirúrgicos de cães e gatos em hospitais veterinários são escassos e carecem de análise, devido a sua relevância, buscando caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico de uma região e do Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a casuística dos procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Jataí (HV/UFJ), durante o período janeiro de 2016 a dezembro de 2018. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo censitário das fichas de registro de intervenções cirúrgicas efetuadas no período, considerando os procedimentos cirúrgicos devidos às enfermidades de qualquer natureza, além dos procedimentos cirúrgicos eletivos. A análise considerou as variáveis: espécie (canina e felina), afecção apresentada ou caso eletivo e procedimento cirúrgico adotado. No período avaliado foram realizados 1391 procedimentos cirúrgicos em cães e gatos. Houve uma média anual de 300 procedimentos cirúrgicos para cães e 100 para gatos. Os resultados para cães e gatos, respectivamente, foram: OSH eletiva (26,4%; 20,27%), orquiectomia (8,2%; 9,48%), cirurgias ortopédicas (6,9%; 6,9%), OSH terapêutica (6,25%; 0,9%), mastectomias (4,24%; 0,28%), tratamentos periodontais (3,59%; 0,5 %), cirurgias oftálmicas (2,4%; 0,5%) e cesarianas (1,22%; 0,35 %). Pôde-se concluir que houve uma maior frequência de casos cirúrgicos relacionados à espécie canina e que as cirurgias eletivas para castração corresponderam a maior casuística em ambas espécies, evidenciando a preocupação da população com o bem-estar animal e a tutoria responsável.

Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of volenic expansion with 7,5% hypertonic saline with or without hydroxyethylstarch 130/0,4 in cats with induced hypovolemia

The aim of this study was to compare the volume expansion on the extracellular space with hydroxyethylstarch 130/0.4 (HES 130/0.4) alone or in association with hypertonic solution (NaCl 7.5%), in cats under general anesthesia with isoflurane and submitted to experimental hipovolemia. Twelve adult domestic short hair cats, with an average weight of 3.07 ± 0.56 Kg were used in this study. The cats were mask-induced with isoflurane on oxygen, intubated, and then connected to a non-rebreathing system. After surgical preparation, they were kept on isoflurane at 1MAC and ventilated to maintain the EtCO2 around 35 45 mm/Hg. After 30 minutes of stabilization, hypovolemia was induced by withdrawal of 30 mL/kg of blood from the femoral artery and then, one hour later allocated in two different groups: HSG (hypertonic saline group, n=6), which received 4ml/Kg of 7.5% NaCl, and HSCG (hypertonic saline, associated to HES 130/0,4 group n=6) which received 4ml/Kg of 7.5% NaCl associated with 30 ml/Kg of HES 130/0.4. After the treatments, cardiovascular and hemogasometric parameters were evaluated for 120 minutes (T120). Systolic blood pressure (SAP), diastolic blood pressure (DAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) were significantly higher after volemic expansion on HSG at T0. From T45 until T120 SAP, DAP and MAP were significantly higher in HSCG when comparing to HSG. Central venous pressure (CVP) was higher in HSCG up to T60. There were no significant differences between groups on heart rate, respiratory rate, values of Na+, K+, the base excess, bicarbonate, hemoglobin saturation, glucose, PaCO2, PaO2 and pH. The administration of 7.5% of NaCl, promoted a faster increase in MAP, SAP and DAP in cats with induced hypovolemia and this effects were maintained for 30 minutes. On the other hand, the administration of HES 130/0.4 associated with 7.5% NaCl promoted a delayed reestablishment (after 30 minutes) of MAP, SAP and DAP in cats with induced hypovolemia, lasting up to T120. The combination of HES 130/0.4 and NaCl 7.5% promoted an significant increase on CVP for up to 60 minutes after the treatmentObjetivou-se comparar a expansão volêmica do hidroxietilamido 130/0,4 (HES 130/0,4) isolado ou em associação com solução salina hipertônica (NaCl 7,5%) em gatas com hipovolemia induzida, sob anestesia geral inalatória com isoflurano. Foram utilizadas 12 gatas, sem raça definida (SRD), adultas com peso médio de 3,07±0,56 Kg. Os animais foram induzidos a anestesia geral com isoflurano a 5V%, intubados e conectados a um sistema sem reinalação de gases. Após preparação cirúrgica, foram mantidos sob anestesia com isoflurano a 1 CAM sob ventilação controlada, ciclada a pressão, para padronização do CO2 expirado em 35-45 mmHg. Aguardou-se um período de 30 minutos para estabilização do plano anestésico. Subsequentemente, iniciou-se a fase de hipovolemia, através da retirada de 30 ml/Kg de sangue pela artéria femoral. Após 60 minutos da estabilização do quadro de hipovolemia as gatas foram alocadas aleatoriamente em dois grupos: GSH (grupo solução hipertônica, n=06) os quais receberam na fase de expansão volêmica NaCl 7,5% isolada, na dose de 4ml/Kg, e GSHC (grupo salina hipertônica associado ao colóide, n=06), receberam NaCl 7,5% na mesma dose citada associado ao HES 130/0,4 na dose de 30 ml/Kg. Após o tratamento foram avaliados os efeitos cardiovasculares e hemogasométricos por até 120 minutos (T120). As pressões arteriais média (PAM), sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) foram maiores logo após a expansão volêmica (T0) para o GSH. De T45 até T120 a PAM, PAS e PAD foram maiores para o GSHC em comparação ao GSH. A pressão venosa central (PVC) foi maior no GSHC até T60. Não foram observadas diferenças entre grupos para frequência cardíaca e respiratória, íon sódio, potássio, déficit de base, bicarbonato, saturação de oxigênio na hemoglobina, glicose, PaCO2, PaO2 e pH. Conclui-se que a administração de NaCl 7,5% isoladamente, aumenta rapidamente a PAM, PAS e PAD em gatos com hipovolemia induzida, mantendo este efeito por apenas 30 minutos. A administração de hidroxietilamido associado à NaCl 7,5% promove reestabelecimento mais tardio (após 30 minutos), porém mais duradouro (até 120 minutos) da PAM, PAS e PAD em gatas com hipovolemia induzida. A administração de HES 130/0,4 associada à NaCl 7,5% promove aumento acentuado da PVC por até 60 minutos após a administraçã