Hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) Collected in Grand Traverse and Adjacent Counties, Michigan

Thirty-two (32) species of hawkmoths (Sphingidae) are reported from Grand Traverse and adjacent counties, Michigan, based on collecting carried out in 1979-1997 and an inventory of museum records

Climate Forcing by the Volcanic Eruption of Mount Pinatubo. Revised edition

We determine the volcano climate sensitivity and response time for the Mount Pinatubo eruption. This is achieved using observational measurements of the temperature anomalies of the lower troposphere and the aerosol optical density (AOD) in combination with a radiative forcing proxy for AOD. Using standard linear response theory we find sensitivity = 0.18 +- 0.04 K/(W/m2), which implies a negative feedback of -1.0 +- 0.4. The intrinsic response time is 5.8+-1.0 months. Both results are contrary to the conventional paradigm that includes long response times and positive feedback. In addition, we analyze the outgoing longwave radiation during the Pinatubo eruption and find that its time dependence follows the forcing much more closely than the temperature, and even has an amplitude equal to that of the AOD proxy. This finding is independent of the response time and feedback results.Comment: 22 pages, including 4 figures. Revised version of a paper [Douglass D. H. and R. S. Knox (2005), Climate forcing by the volcano eruption of Mount Pinatubo. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L05710.doi: 10.1029/2004GL022119]. Revision is based on subsequent comments and replies to appear in the same journal. Quantitative results have only minor change

Twisty Little Passages: The Several Editions of Lady Caroline Lamb\u27s Glenarvon

A literary criticism of the book Glenarvon, by Lady Caroline Lamb is presented. It presents the symbolic significance of the characters. It outlines the consequences of denying true love and the importance of aristocratic leadership and self-control. It examines the preface of the book in which the author states that the novel is not immoral even with the inclusion of crimes and she asks readers to recognize that her intention of writing the book is to describe human nature

Lady Caroline Lamb Before Byron: The Godfrey Vassal Webster Affair

This article provides an overview of the love affairs of Lady Caroline Lamb. Before she met Lord Byron, she had a long messy affair with Godfrey Vassal Webster. Their affair was known through letters which was held in the British library, the public records office in Chichester, and the like. Caroline cannot or will not adapt to the complicated social milieu of regency London

Lessons from the Americas: Guidelines for International Response to Amnesties for Atrocities

The impunity enjoyed by perpetrators of human rights violations, thanks in part to amnesty laws, is summarized. The international community should adopt guidelines to assist their own officials in responding to future amnesties