Emerging global role of small lakes and ponds : little things mean a lot

Until recently, small continental waters have been completely ignored in virtually all global processes and cycles. This has resulted from the neglect of these systems and processes by ecologists and the assumption that ecosystems with a small areal extent cannot play a major role in global processes. Recent inventories based on modern geographical and mathematical approaches have shown that continental waters occupy nearly twice as much area as was previously believed. Further, these inventories have shown that small lakes and ponds dominate the areal extent of continental waters, correcting a centurylong misconception that large lakes are most important. The global importance of any ecosystem type in a process or cycle is the product of the areal extent and the intensity of the process in those ecosystems. Several analyses have shown the disproportionately great intensity of many processes in small aquatic ecosystems, indicating that they play an unexpectedly major role in global cycles. Assessments of the global carbon cycle underscore the need for aquatic scientists to view their work on a global scale in order to respond to the Earth's most pressing environmental problems.Hasta muy recientemente, las aguas continentales de pequeño volumen se han ignorado completamente en todos los procesos y ciclos globales. Esto ha sido el resultado de la poca consideración de estos ecosistemas y procesos por los ecólogos y de asumir que los ecosistemas que ocupan un área pequeña no juegan ningún papel importante en los procesos globales. Inventarios recientes basados en aproximaciones geográficas y matemáticas modernas indican que las aguas continentales ocupan casi el doble del área de lo que se creía anteriormente. Además, estos inventarios han mostrado que las charcas y lagunas de pequeñas dimensiones predominan en la extensión superficial de las aguas continentales, corrigiendo la concepción equivocada de todo un siglo de que los grandes lagos eran los más importantes. La importancia global de cualquier tipo de ecosistema en un proceso o ciclo es el producto de su superficie por la intensidad del proceso en el ecosistema. Diversos análisis han mostrado la intensidad desproporcionadamente grande de muchos procesos en los pequeños sistemas acuáticos, indicando su sorprendente papel primordial en los ciclos globales. Evaluaciones del ciclo global del carbono ponen de manifesto la necesidad de que los ecólogos acuáticos tengan una visión de su trabajo a escala global, para poder responder a los problemas ambientales más preocupantes

The Role of Water Quality Perceptions in Modeling Lake Recreation Demand

Recreation demand models typically incorporate measures of the physical attributes of recreational sites; e.g., Secchi depth or phosphorous levels in case of water quality. Moreover, most studies show that individuals do respond to these physical characteristics in choosing where to recreate. However, the question remains as to whether the available physical measures accurately capture individual perceptions of water quality and if there is a additional role to be played by elicited perception measures in modeling recreation demand. In this paper, we use data from the 2004 Iowa Lakes Survey to model recreation demand as a function of both the physical water quality at 131 lakes in the state and household perceptions of lake water quality. In general, water quality perceptions are correlated with the available physical measures, but not perfectly so, and both actual and perceived water quality are found to significantly impact recreational site choice.

New multivariable capabilities of the INCA program

The INteractive Controls Analysis (INCA) program was developed at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center to provide a user friendly, efficient environment for the design and analysis of control systems, specifically spacecraft control systems. Since its inception, INCA has found extensive use in the design, development, and analysis of control systems for spacecraft, instruments, robotics, and pointing systems. The (INCA) program was initially developed as a comprehensive classical design analysis tool for small and large order control systems. The latest version of INCA, expected to be released in February of 1990, was expanded to include the capability to perform multivariable controls analysis and design

Valuing Water Quality As a Functionof Water Quality Measures

This paper incorporates a rich set of physical water quality attributes, as well as site and household characteristics, into a model of recreational lake usage in Iowa. Our analysis shows individuals are responsive to physical water quality measures. Willingness-to-pay estimates are reported based on improvements in these measures.

UA3/5/4/1 John Minton Swearing In

Transcription and recording of John Minton\u27s swearing in ceremony which includes remarks by J. David Cole, Judge Charles Reynolds and Dero Downing

An Exploration of 1st and 2nd Generation CPTED for End of Year School Leavers at Rottnest Island

The end-of-year post exam celebrations for Year 12 secondary school students presents a unique crime prevention proposition in Australia each year. Students of approximately 17 years of age congregate in a variety of locations in large groups known as ‘Leavers’. Traditionally a number of \u27rite of passage\u27 activities, fuelled by additional factors such as alcohol, drugs and peer pressure, have resulted in an increased risk of crime and anti-social behaviour. This paper examines mitigation strategies aligned with Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) when placed at an event. Using the annual Leavers cohort at Rottnest Island, W.A., a number of 1st and 2nd generation CPTED instruments are discussed and evaluated. The additional isolation factor of the island highlights the value of 2nd generation social cohesion and its likely impact in reducing a number of crime-related social issues. The paper concludes that increased 2nd generation CPTED treatments significantly improve crime reduction and fear of crime in temporary locations when used for mass gatherings at events

The iconography of Asphyxiophilia: From fantasmatic fetish to forensic fact

This is a post print version of the article. The official published version can be accessed from the link below