KOMPUTERISASI SEBAGAI MEDIA KARYA TIPOGRAFI EKSPERIMENTAL

Tipografi merupakan salah satu elemen desain dalam komunikasi visual.dimana desainer dapat memilih bagaimana gaya visual yang dikehendaki. Sesuai perkembangan jaman tehnologi yang sangat cepat , sehingga sebaiknya kita harus mengenal cara – cara dasar untuk mencapai visual yang kita inginkan. Pada dasarnya bentuk huruf tidak lah berubah, tapi bagaimana kita membuat atau mengekspresikan suasana dan rasa tertentu atau beksperimen dengan kemudahan teknologi yang kita dapat. Dengan adanya komputer pribadi (personal computer) menjadikan ajang eksperimental tipografi, seperti yang akan dibahas dalam artikel ini. Sehingga menciptakan eksperimen yang di luar batas batas formalitas dalam kaidah tipografi sebelumny

EKSPERIMEN TIPOGRAFI DALAM VISUAL UNTUK ANAK

Tipografi merupakan salah satu elemen desain dalam komunikasi visual agar anak -anak dapat melihat sebagai ilustrasi atau sebagai teks yang untuk dibaca. Artikel menjelaskan jenis tipografi yang menarik bagi anak. Agar dapat menarik perhatian anak, target gaya visual sangat mempengaruhi, sehingga kita harus mendapatkan dengan memilih gaya visual apa yang dapat menarik perhatian anak. Visual eksperimen tipografi untuk anak menjadi salah satu sarana edukasi sambil bermain (edutainment) buat anak. Artikel membahas bagaimana menciptakan sarana edutaintment melalui visual eksperimen tipografi tersebut

PERANCANGAN ULANG IDENTITAS VISUAL PHILLIP SECURITIES INDONESIA

PERANCANGAN ULANG IDENTITAS VISUAL PHILLIP SECURITIES INDONESIA

Pengaruh Tipografi pada Era Massimo Vignelli terhadap Tipografi Michael Bierut

Massimo Vignelli is a senior graphic designer lived in New York, as a vocal modernism against post-modernism. His statement firmly opposing post-modernism in several occasions: interview in Helvetica the movie, typeradio, talkshow, and some articles in Looking Closer or AIGA Journal. Graphic design works of Massimo Vignelli reflected his characteristic, which is firmly choosing typeface. Typefaces of Vignelly are around 5 typefaces: Bodoni, Helvetica, Times Roman, Century, and Futura. The article uses formal analysis method. The writers collected materials about Michael Bierut, Massimo VIgnelli and Tibor Kalman from books and websites. The writers compare the typeface opinion of Massimo Vignelli (modernism designer), Michael Bierut designer (transition era designer from modernism to post-modernism), and Tibor Kalman (a designer in A Century of Graphic Design, as the influencer of Bierut's betrayal over Vignelli)

PERANCANGAN ULANG KEMASAN KHANIRA COLLECTION

PERANCANGAN ULANG KEMASAN KHANIRA COLLECTION

N,N-diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB) as a substrate and mechanism-based inhibitor for human ALDH isoenzymes

N,N-diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB) is a commonly used "selective" inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase isoenzymes in cancer stem cell biology due to its inclusion as a negative control compound in the widely utilized Aldefluor assay. Recent evidence has accumulated that DEAB is not a selective inhibitory agent when assayed in vitro versus ALDH1, ALDH2 and ALDH3 family members. We sought to determine the selectivity of DEAB toward ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, ALDH1A3, ALDH1B1, ALDH1L1, ALDH2, ALDH3A1, ALDH4A1 and ALDH5A1 isoenzymes and determine the mechanism by which DEAB exerts its inhibitory action. We found that DEAB is an excellent substrate for ALDH3A1, exhibiting a Vmax/KM that exceeds that of its commonly used substrate, benzaldehyde. DEAB is also a substrate for ALDH1A1, albeit an exceptionally slow one (turnover rate ∼0.03 min(-1)). In contrast, little if any turnover of DEAB was observed when incubated with ALDH1A2, ALDH1A3, ALDH1B1, ALDH2 or ALDH5A1. DEAB was neither a substrate nor an inhibitor for ALDH1L1 or ALDH4A1. Analysis by enzyme kinetics and QTOF mass spectrometry demonstrates that DEAB is an irreversible inhibitor of ALDH1A2 and ALDH2 with apparent bimolecular rate constants of 2900 and 86,000 M(-1) s(-1), respectively. The mechanism of inactivation is consistent with the formation of quinoid-like resonance state following hydride transfer that is stabilized by local structural features that exist in several of the ALDH isoenzymes

Reactivity of Damaged Pyrimidines: DNA Cleavage via Hemiaminal Formation at the C4 Positions of the Saturated Thymine of Spore Photoproduct and Dihydrouridine

Described here are mechanistic details of the chemical reactivities of two modified/saturated pyrimidine residues that represent naturally occurring forms of DNA damage: 5-thyminyl-5,6-dihydrothymine, commonly referred to as the “spore photoproduct” (SP), and 5,6-dihydro-2′-deoxyuridine (dHdU), formed via ionizing radiation damage to cytosine under anoxic conditions and also serving as a general model of saturated pyrimidine residues. It is shown that due to the loss of the pyrimidine C5–C6 double bond and consequent loss of ring aromaticity, the C4 position of both these saturated pyrimidines is prone to the formation of a hemiaminal intermediate via water addition. Water addition is facilitated by basic conditions; however, it also occurs at physiological pH at a slower rate. The hemiaminal species so-formed subsequently converts to a ring-opened hydrolysis product through cleavage of the pyrimidine N3–C4 bond. Further decomposition of this ring-opened product above physiological pH leads to DNA strand break formation. Taken together, these results suggest that once the aromaticity of a pyrimidine residue is lost, the C4 position becomes a “hot spot” for the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate, the decay of which triggers a cascade of elimination reactions that can under certain conditions convert a simple nucleobase modification into a DNA strand break

Low dose EGCG treatment beginning in adolescence does not improve cognitive impairment in a Down syndrome mouse model

Down syndrome (DS) or Trisomy 21 causes intellectual disabilities in humans and the Ts65Dn DS mouse model is deficient in learning and memory tasks. DYRK1A is triplicated in DS and Ts65Dn mice. Ts65Dn mice were given up to ~ 20 mg/kg/day epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a Dyrk1a inhibitor, or water beginning on postnatal day 24 and continuing for three or seven weeks, and were tested on a series of behavioral and learning tasks, including a novel balance beam test. Ts65Dn as compared to control mice exhibited higher locomotor activity, impaired novel object recognition, impaired balance beam and decreased spatial learning and memory. Neither EGCG treatment improved performance of the Ts65Dn mice on these tasks. Ts65Dn mice had a non-significant increase in Dyrk1a activity in the hippocampus and cerebellum. Given the translational value of the Ts65Dn mouse model, further studies will be needed to identify the EGCG doses (and mechanisms) that may improve cognitive function

Early maturation processes in coal. Part 1: Pyrolysis mass balances and structural evolution of coalified wood from the Morwell Brown Coal seam

In this work, we develop a theoretical approach to evaluate maturation process of kerogen-like material, involving molecular dynamic reactive modeling with a reactive force field to simulate the thermal stress. The Morwell coal has been selected to study the thermal evolution of terrestrial organic matter. To achieve this, a structural model is first constructed based on models from the literature and analytical characterization of our samples by modern 1-and 2-D NMR, FTIR, and elemental analysis. Then, artificial maturation of the Morwell coal is performed at low conversions in order to obtain, quantitative and qualitative, detailed evidences of structural evolution of the kerogen upon maturation. The observed chemical changes are a defunctionalization of the carboxyl, carbonyl and methoxy functional groups coupling with an increase of cross linking in the residual mature kerogen. Gaseous and liquids hydrocarbons, essentially CH4, C4H8 and C14+ liquid hydrocarbons, are generated in low amount, merely by cleavage of the lignin side chain