A magyar mint idegen nyelv idegen szemmel

L'articolo indica linee guida per un insegnamento della lingua ungherese a stranieri adulti. Sono elencati i problemi riscontrati nei modelli pi\uf9 seguiti e fatte alcune proposte pratiche che vogliono aggiornare alla situazione attuale l'insegnamento dell'ungherese ma in generale delle lingue straniere ad adulti. Le considerazioni sono fatte sulla base di un importante sostegno teorico dato dal modello della grammatica funzionale proposto da Simon DIk

Epica e antiepica in Ungheria: gemelli eterozigoti (in buona salute)

Hungarian literature has deep roots in classic european culture, and the first poet laureate in Pannonia wrote in Latin. Epic models also arrived with european culture, and they are testified in the Obsidio Sigetiana of the XVII century, a work that is isolated, though. The epic corpus originates and develops in Hungary in the XIX century, and anti-epic is absolutely contemporary with it. Originally in verse, aging the two developed in prose, but being well today they are finding their way in verses again

Insegnare con l’esempio. Analisi di un testo ungherese antico

Il testo è la presentazione in italiano di un’opera poetica ungherese del XVI secolo. Viene proposta una breve storia della lingua, una traduzione del testo e una sua analisi, sia grammaticale, sia semantica, con cui sono messe in evidenza le maggiori particolarità proprie della lingua dell’epoca e della lingua ungherese in generale

Exhumation kinematics of the Cycladic Blueschists unit and back-arc extension, insight from the Southern Cyclades (Sikinos and Folegandros Islands, Greece)

International audienceCurrent models for the Oligo-Miocene post-orogenic back-arc extension of the Aegean domain suggest that stretching is accommodated by two bivergent detachment systems of opposing shear sense. The co-existence in the Eocene of a top-to-the-S thrust at the base of the Cycladic Blueschists unit and top-to-the-N extensional shear zones at the roof raises the problem of differentiating synorogenic and post-orogenic deformations with similar directions and shear senses. Based on structural field data, this study shows that the post-orogenic deformation recorded in the Southern Cyclades is extremely asymmetric as the Cycladic Blueschists unit is pervasively affected by top-to-the-N shearing deformation distributed on four main shear zones. All activated in greenschist-facies conditions, some of these shear zones operated in the brittle regime during the final part of the exhumation. The Cycladic Blueschists/Cycladic Basement contact displays clear polyphased deformation with the preservation of top-to-the-S thrust kinematics. Thermal structure of the Cycladic Blueschists unit with regards to position of ductile shear zones was retrieved using the Raman Spectroscopy of Carbonaceous Material peak-metamorphic temperatures. This study shows a series of major metamorphic gaps accommodating an upward and stepwise decrease of more than 200 °C within the Cycladic Blueschists unit. Pressure-temperature estimates show that only lower parts of the Cycladic Blueschists unit recorded ca. 18–20 kbar for 530 °C peak-conditions. While flanking the West Cycladic Detachment System, which shows a top-to-the-S shear sense, the Southern Cyclades are dominated by a top-to-the-N non-coaxial shearing. Deformation is therefore genuinely asymmetric in the center of the Aegean domain

Immunoglobulin A response against Gardnerella vaginalis hemolysin and sialidase activity in bacterial vaginosis

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the immunoglobulin A immune response to Gardnerella vaginalis hemolysin and sialidase activity in vaginal fluids from patients with bacterial vaginosis. STUDY DESIGN: Nonpregnant women who were examined at a gynecologic clinic, in an age range of 18 to 62 years, were enrolled. The study population comprised 131 healthy volunteers, 32 women with bacterial vaginosis that was positive for immunoglobulin A to Gardnerella vaginalis hemolysin, 40 women with bacterial vaginosis that was negative for immunoglobulin A to Gardnerella vaginalis hemolysin, and 19 women with Candida vaginitis. Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed by clinical criteria and Gram stain. RESULTS: Sialidase activity was present in 75% (54/72) of patients with bacterial vaginosis. Women having bacterial vaginosis and lacking a specific immunoglobulin A response had a significantly higher level of sialidase activity than patients who had an immune response against Gardnerella vaginalis hemolysin. Sialidase activity was detected in 87% (35/40) of the former subgroup of patients with bacterial vaginosis and in 59% (19/32) of women of the latter subgroup. No sialidase activity was measured in patients with candidiasis. Specificity of the assay for healthy controls was 95% (124/131 women without sialidase activity). CONCLUSIONS: Sialidases produced by Prevotella bivia and other microorganisms present in the microflora of patients with bacterial vaginosis are very likely a virulence factor not only by destroying the mucins and enhancing adherence of bacteria but also by impairing a specific immunoglobulin A immune response against other virulence factors such as cytotoxin from Gardnerella vaginalis

Whole-body glucose oxidation rate during prolonged exercise in type 1 diabetic patients under usual life conditions

Objective Fuel oxidation during exercise was studied in type 1 insulin-dependent (T1DM) patients mainly under quite constant insulin and glycemia; these protocols, however, likely do not reflect patients' usual metabolic conditions. The glucose oxidation rate (GLUox) in T1DM patients under usual life conditions was thus investigated during prolonged exercise (3-h) and its behavior was described mathematically. Materials/Methods Whole-body GLUox was determined in eight T1DM patients (4/8 M; aged 35-59 years) and eight well-matched healthy subjects. Venous blood was drawn prior to and every 30 min until the end of exercise; glycemia, insulin, cortisol, and growth hormone concentrations were determined. Oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and ventilation were measured at rest and thereafter every 30 min of the exercise. To prevent hypoglycemia, patients were given fruit fudge (93% sucrose) prior to / during exercise. Results Insulin concentration and glycemia were significantly higher in patients across the entire exercise period (group effect, p < 0.001 for both). GLUox decreased significantly with increasing exercise duration (time effect, p < 0.001), but no significant difference was detected between the two groups (group effect, p = NS). GLUox, expressed as the percentage of the starting value, was described by an exponential function showing a time constant of 90 min (n = 96; mean corrected R2 = 0.666). Conclusions GLUox in T1DM patients was not significantly different from the rate observed in the control subjects. The function describing the time course of GLUox may be useful to correct an estimated GLUox for the duration of exercise and help T1DM patients avoiding exercise-induced glycemic imbalances

What are we Speaking of? A New Perspective on the Post-verbal Field in Hungarian

Hungarian displays a characteristic syntax, that within the generative approach was called non-configurational. For this reason its description is at least unusual, and it cannot be taught with the same formal concepts used for most of the other European languages. Functional approaches, with Functional Discourse Grammar among them, seem to be especially useful in both describing and teaching Hungarian, because they allow the interplay between pragmatics, syntax and semantics. This article sets the most important traditional assumptions about Hungarian syntax within the functional approach, concentrating on issues with word order. It is suggested that the so-called post-verbal field is very important. The central claim is that in a Hungarian sentence not only is the context of the expression recognized, given by the Topic and a possible Focus of communication, but also a distinct target of our discourse: a constituent signalling what we are speaking of that facilitates the making of the sentence

Development of a compact excavator mounted dust suppression system

This paper reports on the investigation of an excavator mounted dust suppression system for demolition and construction activities. Ever increasing pressure is placed on contractors to improve their environmental performance, especially dust emissions. Current methods of dust suppression have been investigated and each of the methods has also been critically analysed to determine their advantages and disadvantages. The investigation also examined the requirements of such a system and a concept system proposal was produced. A working prototype has been constructed for a mini excavator complete with a hydraulic breaker. The proposed system was rigorously tested in various configurations to determine its efficiency and effectiveness in comparison with current suppression techniques. The resulting benefits such as the reduction of water usage and cost are highlighted

Funkcionális megközelítés a nyelvtanításban

Levelt beszédprodukció elméletének az alapján, megmutatjuk a közlési szándék szerkezetét és a pragmatika fontosságát a közlésben. A Functional Discourse Grammar olyan elméleti modell, amely leírja a pragmatika hozzátartozását a grammatikához, és megengedi, hogy a nyelvtanításban is központi szerepet játszon, anyanyelvűeknek és idegen nyelvtanulóknak egyaránt

Backscattering and common-base current gain of the Graphene Base Transistor (GBT)

In this paper, we investigate electron transport and electron scattering in the insulators of the Graphene Base Transistor (GBT) by means of a Monte Carlo transport model. We focus on electron backscattering in the base-collector insulator as the possible root cause of the large experimental base current and small measured common-base current gain (\u3b1F) of GBTs. Different GBT structures have been simulated and the impact of the scattering parameters on the base current is analyzed. Simulated backscattering-limited \u3b1F values are found to be much higher than available experimental data, suggesting that state-of-the-art technology is still far from being optimized. However, those simulated \u3b1F values can be low enough to limit the maximum achievable GBT performance