Globalization of International Relationships

Globalization means enormous increase in scales of world trade and other processes of international exchange in open, integrated, borderless world economy. Thus, it means not only traditional overseas trade of goods and services, but also currency flows, capital movement, exchange of technology, information and know-how, migration. What consequences will globalization lead to in prospect? What positive consequences (the advantages) of global processes can we single out? And what are the threats of globalization for different cultures, nations and states? This scope of questions is discussed in the article.Globalization, Globalism, types of global connectivity, liberalization, anti-globalization

The Localization Procedures of the Vector of Weighting Coefficients on the Set of Teaching Experts in the Tasks of Consuming

In terms of binary relations the author analyses the task of an individual consumers’ choice on the teaching excerpts set. It is suggested to analyse the function of consumer’s value as additive reduction. For localization of the vector of weighting coefficients of additive reduction the procedures based on metrics of object distance towards the ideal point are suggested

Investigation of the Cinnamon Influence on the Wheat Bread Quality Enriched with Flax Seeds Oil Meal

The materials of the article are studies that are conducted with the aim of expanding the use of non-traditional raw materials for functional purposes in the technology of bakery products. Research is conducted to determine the effect of spiciness cinnamon on the quality of semi-finished products and finished bakery products from wheat flour enriched with flax seeds oil meal.To improve the quality of wheat bread, enriched with flax seeds oil meal, and expand the assortment of bakery products with health properties, the authors propose to use spice cinnamon in the formula of wheat bread in an amount of up to 2 % of the weight of flour. The taste and aroma of these products is characteristic of wheat bread with a pleasant cinnamon flavor. Dosage of cinnamon to 4 % of the flour mass also provides good consumer characteristics of products, however, more pronounced flavor and flavor of cinnamon can limit the circle of consumers of such products. The use of 6 % of cinnamon in the recipe of products leads to a significant deterioration in the volume of products and provides them with too intense flavor. Determination of the content of bisulphite-binding substances in the crumb and crust of products is confirmed by improvements in the fragrance of products with the addition of cinnamon.It has been established that the cinnamon in dough leads to an increase in the elastic properties of gluten, and the more, the more it is added. Along with this, it is noted that cinnamon leads to a decrease in the fermentation intensity of the dough. This is probably due to the active antibacterial properties of cinnamon, which suppress the yeast fermentation activity. These factors and cause the deterioration of the volume of finished products in the case of dosing cinnamon in an amount of 4 % or more.It has been proved that on the indicators of crumbling and deformation of the crumb, products with added cinnamon retain their freshness similarly to the control one. However, it is noted that the introduction of cinnamon reduces the amount of mold of microflora in products

Numerical modelling of massif zonal structuring around underground working

Purpose. To identify indicators of massif zonal structuring around underground working using numerical modeling techniques. Methods. Research into massif zonal structuring was performed using finite element method and thermodynamic method by which the size and number of zones formed around development workings and stopes have been simulated. Findings. The ratio of zones’ vertical and horizontal semiaxes in the massif has been established and reliability of the obtained results was determined. The prospects of new modeling techniques for the study of massif zonal structuring parameters around underground workings have been identified. Originality. The opportunities for wide application of numerical simulation methods to study the phenomenon of zonal encapsulation by the massif of underground workings have been revealed. Practical implications. The sizes and shapes of zones in the massif around workings were determined and requirements were formulated stating that synergetic research methods should allow to more accurately determine the number, size and shape of zones, as well as fading sinusoidal stress and massif strain domains.Цель. Выявить показатели зонального структурирования массива вокруг подземных выработок с помощью численных методов моделирования. Методика. Исследование зонального структурирования массива выполнялось методом конечных элементов и термодинамическим методом, с помощью которых смоделированы размеры и количество зон, формирующихся вокруг подготовительных и очистных выработок. Результаты. Установлено отношение вертикальных и горизонтальных полуосей зон в массиве и определена достоверность полученных результатов. Раскрыты перспективы создания новых методов моделирования для исследования параметров зонального структурирования массива вокруг подземных выработок. Научная новизна. Раскрыты возможности широко применяемых численных методов моделирования для исследования феномена зонального капсулирования массивом подземных выработок. Практическая значимость. Установлены размеры и форма зон в массиве вокруг выработок и определены требования к синергетическим методам исследования, заключающиеся в возможностях более точного определения количества, размеров и формы зон, а также синусоидально-затухающих напряжений и кольцевых областей деформаций массива.Мета. Виявити показники зонального структурування масиву навколо підземних виробок за допомогою чисельних методів моделювання. Методика. Дослідження зонального структурування масиву виконувалося методом кінцевих елементів і термодинамічним методом, за допомогою яких змодельовані розміри та кількість зон, які формуються навколо підготовчих й очисних виробок. Результати. Встановлено відношення вертикальних і горизонтальних напіввісей зон у масиві та визначена достовірність отриманих результатів. Розкрито перспективи створення нових методів моделювання для дослідження параметрів зонального структурування масиву навколо підземних виробок. Наукова новизна. Розкрито можливості широко застосованих чисельних методів моделювання для дослідження феномена зонального капсулювання масивом підземних виробок. Практична значимість. Встановлено розміри і форму зон у масиві навколо виробок та визначено вимоги до синергетичних методів дослідження, що полягають у можливості більш точного визначення кількості, розмірів і форми зон, а також синусоїдально-згасаючих напружень та кільцевих областей деформацій масиву.За предоставленные материалы и оказанную поддержку при проведении теоретических исследований с помощью термодинамического метода авторы выражают благодарность заведующему кафедры подземной разработки месторождений полезных ископаемых Государственного ВУЗ “Криворожский национальный университет” В.А. Калиниченку

Fuzzy Membership Functions in a Fuzzy Decision Making Problem

Authors analyses questions of the subjective uncertainty and inexactness situations in the moment of using expert information and another questions which are connected with expert information uncertainty by fuzzy sets with rough membership functions in this article. You can find information about integral problems of individual expert marks and about connection among total marks “degree of inexactness” with sensibility of measurement scale. A lot of different situation which are connected with distribution of the function accessory significance and orientation of the concrete take to task decision making are analyses here

Report from space plasma science

Space plasma science, especially plasma experiments in space, is discussed. Computational simulations, wave generation and propagation, wave-particle interactions, charged particle acceleration, particle-particle interactions, radiation transport in dense plasmas, macroscopic plasma flow, plasma-magnetic field interactions, plasma-surface interactions, prospects for near-term plasma science experiments in space and three-dimensional plasma experiments are among the topics discussed

Adapting a geographical information system-based water resource management to the needs of the Romanian water authorities

Background, aim, and scope: The need for global and integrated approaches to water resources management, both from the quantitative and the qualitative point of view, has long been recognized. Water quality management is a major issue for sustainable development and a mandatory task with respect to the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive as well as the Swiss legislation. However, data modelling to develop relational databases and subsequent geographic information system (GIS)-based water management instruments are a rather recent and not that widespread trend. The publication of overall guidelines for data modelling along with the EU Water Framework Directive is an important milestone in this area. Improving overall water quality requires better and more easily accessible data, but also the possibility to link data to simulation models. Models are to be used to derive indicators that will in turn support decision-making processes. For this whole chain to become effective at a river basin scale, all its components have to become part of the current daily practice of the local water administration. Any system, tool, or instrument that is not designed to meet, first of all, the fundamental needs of its primary end-users has almost no chance to be successful in the longer term. Materials and methods: Although based on a pre-existing water resources management system developed in Switzerland, the methodological approach applied to develop a GIS-based water quality management system adapted to the Romanian context followed a set of well-defined steps: the first and very important step is the assessment of needs (on the basis of a careful analysis of the various activities and missions of the water administration and other relevant stakeholders in water management related issues). On that basis, a conceptual data model (CDM) can be developed, to be later on turned into a physical database. Finally, the specifically requested additional functionalities (i.e. functionalities not provided by classical commercial GIS software), also identified during the assessment of needs, are developed. This methodology was applied, on an experimental basin, in the Ialomita River basin. Results: The results obtained from this action-research project consist of a set of tangible elements, among which (1) a conceptual data model adapted to the Romanian specificities regarding water resources management (needs, data availability, etc.), (2) a related spatial relational database (objects and attributes in tables, links, etc.), that can be used to store the data collected, among others, by the water administration, and later on exploited with geographical information systems, (3) a toolbar (in the ESRI environment) offering the requested data processing and visualizing functionalities. Lessons learned from this whole process can be considered as additional, although less tangible, results. Discussion: The applied methodology is fairly classical and did not come up with revolutionary results. Actually, the interesting aspects of this work are, on the one hand, and obviously, the fact that it produced tools matching the needs of the local (if not national) water administration (i.e. with a good chance of being effectively used in the day-to-day practice), and, on the other hand, the adaptations and adjustments that were needed both at the staff level and in technical terms. Conclusions: This research showed that a GIS-based water management system needs to be backed by some basic data management tools that form the necessary support upon which a GIS can be deployed. The main lesson gained is that technology transfer has to pay much attention to the differences in existing situations and backgrounds in general, and therefore must be able to show much flexibility. The fact that the original objectives could be adapted to meet the real needs of the local end-users is considered as a major aspect in achieving a successful adaptation and development of water resources management tools. Time needed to setup things in real life was probably the most underestimated aspect in this technology transfer process. Recommendations and perspectives: The whole material produced (conceptual data model, database and GIS tools) was disseminated among all river basin authorities in Romania on the behalf of the national water administration (ANAR). The fact that further developments, for example, to address water quantity issues more precisely, as envisaged by ANAR, can be seen as an indication that this project succeeded in providing an appropriate input to improve water quality in Romania on the long ter

Randomness Relative to Cantor Expansions

Imagine a sequence in which the first letter comes from a binary alphabet, the second letter can be chosen on an alphabet with 10 elements, the third letter can be chosen on an alphabet with 3 elements and so on. When such a sequence can be called random? In this paper we offer a solution to the above question using the approach to randomness proposed by Algorithmic Information Theory.Comment: several small change