Problems of neuropsychology as a methodological approach to the higher mental functions studies

У статті проаналізовано проблеми нейропсихології як методології вивчення вищих психічних функцій людини. Детально розглянуто відмінності вітчизняної та зарубіжних наукових шкіл, представлено основні класи понять нейропсихології. Теорія системної динамічної локалізації вищих психічних функцій є центральним розділом учення вітчизняної нейропсихології. Вона дозволяє не лише пояснити відмінності клінічної феноменології, але й передбачає можливість появи нових фактів і досліджень, що нині є основю для вивчення складної проблеми мозкового субстрату психічних процесів. В статье дан анализ проблемы нейропсихологии как методологии изучения высших психических функций человека. Детально рассмотрены отличия отечественной и зарубежных научных школ, представлены основные классы понятий нейропсихологии. Теория системной динамической локализации высших психических функций представляет центральный раздел в понятиях отечественной нейропсихологии. Она позволяет не только объяснять различную клиническую феноменологию, но и предусматривает возможность появления новых фактов и исследований, что сегодня является основой для изучения сложной проблемы мозгового субстрата психических процессов. The paper researches the problem of neuropsychology as a methodology for studying the higher mental human functions. The differences between domestic and foreign scientific schools are examined in detail, the main classes of concepts of neuropsychology are presented. The theory of systemic dynamic localization of higher mental human functions represents the main section in the concepts of domestic neuropsychology. It allows not only to explain the various clinical phenomenology, but also provides for the possible emergency of new facts and investigations, which is the basis for contemporary research of the complex issue of the brain substrate of mental processes

CLEAR technology. Clinical and functional results of more than 1000 corrections of myopia and myopic astigmatism

Purpose. To evaluate the clinical and functional results of correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism using CLEAR technology. Material and methods. In Eye Microsurgery Gazprom Clinic, 1252 CLEAR surgeries (626 patients) were performed on the platform of the LDV Z8 femtosecond laser (Ziemer) in the period from October 2021 to May 2023. Gender distribution: 219 males (35%) and 407 females (65%). The follow-up period was from 4 months to 12 months. The age of the patients ranged from 16 to 49 years (32.04±6.74 years). Sph from –0.25 to –9.0 D (–3.76±1.48 D), cyl from –0.0 to –2.25 D (–0.53±0.34 D), uncorrected visual acuity was 0.07±0.06, and best corrected visual acuity ranged from 0.8 to 1.0 (0.99±0.01). Central corneal thickness (CCT) (according to ultrasound keratopachimetry) ranged from 487 to 634 microns (552.9±28.7 microns). Horizontal diameter of the cornea was from 10.9 to 13.4 mm (12.1±0.37 mm). Average curvature of the cornea in the center (Average K) ranged from 39.5 to 47.25 D (43.39±1.32 D). Results. Uncorrected visual acuity at 1st day after surgery (1252 eyes) was 0.93±0.2, sph –0.11±0.5 D, cyl –0.4±0.5 D; uncorrected visual acuity after 4–6 months (323 eyes) 1.05±0.24, sph –0.16±0.5 D, cyl –0.4±0.5D; uncorrected visual acuity after 9–12 months (44 eyes) 1.04±0.2, sph –0.11± 0.4D, cyl –0.5±0.6D. Safety index 1.0, efficiency index 1.05. Percentage of intraoperative and early postoperative period complications was less than 1%. Conclusion. Correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism using CLEAR technology is a predictable, safe, effective technology

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Plasmic hemostasis and some biochemical indices in trimetasidine treatment in patients with chronic heart failure

Aim. The study of trimetasidine effects on plasmic hemostasis and blood biochemistry in patients with chronic heart failure (CCF) of NYHA functional class II-III. Materials and methods. The study enrolled 30 patients (24 mates and 6 females) aged 40-72 years with class II-III CCF, postinfarction cardiosclerosis and ejection fraction under 40%. Previously the patients received perindopril (the inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme) in daily close 2-4 mg, on-demand digoxin and diuretics. Trimetasidine,vas given in a daily dose 60 mg for 6 months. Before and after the treatment the patients' blood was examined for: levels of factors VII and X of antithrombin III coagulation, soluble fibrinomonomeric complexes (SFMC), fibrinogen, glucose, uric acid creatinines, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, triglycerides, AST, ALT, LDH, acid phosphotase, gamma-GT, sodium, potassium, activated partial thrombin time. Results. Initially, the patients had a 23.9% increase in the levels of factors VII and X, a 14.3% decrease of antithrombin III, 29.8 and 227.6% rise in concentrations of fibrinogen and SFMC respectively, compared to controls. After treatment values of fibrinogen, factors VII and X, SFMC fell by, 21.1, 17 and 35.5%, respectively. The thrombin time arose by 17.9% (p > 0.05). Insignificant inhibition was registered in the activity of acid phosphotase and gamma-GT. Glucose, AST, ALT, LDH levels remained unchanged. Plasma creatinine tended to lowering. Total cholesterol insignificantly increased at high levels of HDL cholesterol (p > 0.05) and reduced levels of triglycerides (p > 0.05). Conclusions, Trimetasidine therapy, given after conventional treatment with diuretics, digoxin, inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, aspirin has a beneficial effect in patients with circulatory deficiency through improving hemostatic and biochemical parameters

Plasmic hemostasis and some biochemical indices in trimetasidine treatment in patients with chronic heart failure

Aim. The study of trimetasidine effects on plasmic hemostasis and blood biochemistry in patients with chronic heart failure (CCF) of NYHA functional class II-III. Materials and methods. The study enrolled 30 patients (24 mates and 6 females) aged 40-72 years with class II-III CCF, postinfarction cardiosclerosis and ejection fraction under 40%. Previously the patients received perindopril (the inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme) in daily close 2-4 mg, on-demand digoxin and diuretics. Trimetasidine,vas given in a daily dose 60 mg for 6 months. Before and after the treatment the patients' blood was examined for: levels of factors VII and X of antithrombin III coagulation, soluble fibrinomonomeric complexes (SFMC), fibrinogen, glucose, uric acid creatinines, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, triglycerides, AST, ALT, LDH, acid phosphotase, gamma-GT, sodium, potassium, activated partial thrombin time. Results. Initially, the patients had a 23.9% increase in the levels of factors VII and X, a 14.3% decrease of antithrombin III, 29.8 and 227.6% rise in concentrations of fibrinogen and SFMC respectively, compared to controls. After treatment values of fibrinogen, factors VII and X, SFMC fell by, 21.1, 17 and 35.5%, respectively. The thrombin time arose by 17.9% (p > 0.05). Insignificant inhibition was registered in the activity of acid phosphotase and gamma-GT. Glucose, AST, ALT, LDH levels remained unchanged. Plasma creatinine tended to lowering. Total cholesterol insignificantly increased at high levels of HDL cholesterol (p > 0.05) and reduced levels of triglycerides (p > 0.05). Conclusions, Trimetasidine therapy, given after conventional treatment with diuretics, digoxin, inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, aspirin has a beneficial effect in patients with circulatory deficiency through improving hemostatic and biochemical parameters

Endothelial keratoplasty (a literature review)

ABSTRACT There is presented a comprehensive overview of the history, trends and advances of endothelial keratoplasty — one of the modern trends in corneal transplantation, which includes different surgical methods for treatment of patients with corneal endothelium dysfunction by selective replacement it with posterior lamellar graft of donor cornea. This type of operations showed a significant advantage compared to a standard penetrating keratoplasty, which is a standard procedure for many years in treatment different corneal diseases