Examens télé-surveillés par webcam au domicile de l'étudiant

Comprend des références bibliographiquesL'innovation numérique dans l'enseignement supérieur cherche à apporter des réponses adaptées à des situations d'études diverses. En matière de modalités d'examens à distance peu de solutions sont actuellement proposées. Dans de nombreuses formations en ligne, les étudiants doivent toujours être physiquement présents dans leur établissement d'accueil ou leur université (ou dans un centre d'examen partenaire) pour passer les examens. Cela peut être très coûteux pour les étudiants éloignés ou en situation de cumul emploi-formation. Dans le passé, les technologies ne permettaient pas aux institutions de proposer des conditions d'examen surveillées chez les étudiants. C'est différent aujourd'hui. Ici, nous décrivons les résultats obtenus lors d'une expérience d'examens à distance (en cours) à l'Université de Caen Normandie. Cette expérience est réalisée avec le concours de la Mission de Pédagogie et de Technologie Numérique du Ministère de l'Éducation Nationale (MiPNES), de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche. L'objectif est de réaliser des tests de conditions réelles d'un service de télésurveillance, ProctorU, avec des étudiants actuellement inscrits qui effectueront à distance leurs examens à partir de leur lieu de résidence

Online Handbook of Argumentation for AI: Volume 2

Editors: Federico Castagna, Francesca Mosca, Jack Mumford, Stefan Sarkadi and Andreas Xydis.This volume contains revised versions of the papers selected for the second volume of the Online Handbook of Argumentation for AI (OHAAI). Previously, formal theories of argument and argument interaction have been proposed and studied, and this has led to the more recent study of computational models of argument. Argumentation, as a field within artificial intelligence (AI), is highly relevant for researchers interested in symbolic representations of knowledge and defeasible reasoning. The purpose of this handbook is to provide an open access and curated anthology for the argumentation research community. OHAAI is designed to serve as a research hub to keep track of the latest and upcoming PhD-driven research on the theory and application of argumentation in all areas related to AI

Innovative Practice Relating to Examination in Distance Learning

Conference Proceedings of the Online, Open and Flexible Higher Education Conference, Università Telematica Internazionale UNINETTUNO, European Association of Distance Teaching Universities, 19-21 October 2016, ISBN: 978-90-79730-25-4, p. 800-805

Innovative Practice Relating to Examination in Distance Learning

Conference Proceedings of the Online, Open and Flexible Higher Education Conference, Università Telematica Internazionale UNINETTUNO, European Association of Distance Teaching Universities, 19-21 October 2016, ISBN: 978-90-79730-25-4, p. 800-805

Exams taken at the student's home

International audienceDuring the last two years, we have conducted an experiment of proctored exams taken at the student's home. The proctoring is carried out by the webcam and an application allowing the supervisor to interact in the student's screen. This experiment has been realised thanks to a project of the french higher education ministery and in partnership with FIED within a European project. The first important result is to note that there is no significant difference in success rates between the online proctored exam and the traditional exam taken at university sites. Others results are interesting on the quality of the experience lived by the students, on questions as different as the stress during the test, the impression of intrusion in the private life, the possibility of cheating, the absence of the teacher during the examination, the contact with the remote supervisor... Last October, we launched a public market offer to find a proctoring provider enabling us to increase number of students registered at our institution. Then, we work with a French company, Managexam. Last February, 45 students took 191 exams at home around the world. The quality of the work with Managexam, its adaptation to our constraints and the positive feedback from students encourage us to further develop online exams proctoring. More widely than distance learning students, online proctoring could also provide interesting solutions to all the students who have troubles to access to classical exams for several reasons (long life learning, disability, sickness, …)

Exams taken at the student's home

International audienceDuring the last two years, we have conducted an experiment of proctored exams taken at the student's home. The proctoring is carried out by the webcam and an application allowing the supervisor to interact in the student's screen. This experiment has been realised thanks to a project of the french higher education ministery and in partnership with FIED within a European project. The first important result is to note that there is no significant difference in success rates between the online proctored exam and the traditional exam taken at university sites. Others results are interesting on the quality of the experience lived by the students, on questions as different as the stress during the test, the impression of intrusion in the private life, the possibility of cheating, the absence of the teacher during the examination, the contact with the remote supervisor... Last October, we launched a public market offer to find a proctoring provider enabling us to increase number of students registered at our institution. Then, we work with a French company, Managexam. Last February, 45 students took 191 exams at home around the world. The quality of the work with Managexam, its adaptation to our constraints and the positive feedback from students encourage us to further develop online exams proctoring. More widely than distance learning students, online proctoring could also provide interesting solutions to all the students who have troubles to access to classical exams for several reasons (long life learning, disability, sickness, …)

ATP counteracts the rundown of gap junctional channels of rat ventricular myocytes by promoting protein phosphorylation

The degree of cell-to-cell coupling between ventricular myocytes of neonatal rats appeared well preserved when studied in the perforated version of the patch clamp technique or, in double whole-cell conditions, when ATP was present in the patch pipette solution. In contrast, when ATP was omitted, the amplitude of junctional current rapidly declined (rundown).To examine the mechanism(s) of ATP action, an ‘internal perfusion technique’ was adapted to dual patch clamp conditions, and reintroduction of ATP partially reversed the rundown of junctional channels.Cell-to-cell communication was not preserved by a non-hydrolysable ATP analogue (5′-adenylimidodiphosphate, AMP-PNP), indicating that the effect most probably did not involve direct interaction of ATP with the channel-forming proteins.An ATP analogue supporting protein phosphorylation but not active transport processes (adenosine 5′-O-(3-thiotriphosphate), ATPγS) maintained normal intercellular communication, suggesting that the effect was due to kinase activity rather than to altered intracellular Ca2+.A broad spectrum inhibitor of endogenous serine/threonine protein kinases (H7) reversibly reduced the intercellular coupling. A non-specific exogenous protein phosphatase (alkaline phosphatase) mimicked the effects of ATP deprivation. The non-specific inhibition of endogenous protein phosphatases resulted in the preservation of substantial cell-to-cell communication in ATP-free conditions.The activity of gap junctional channels appears to require both the presence of ATP and protein kinase activity to counteract the tonic activity of endogenous phosphatase(s)

Chronic NO Restriction in Hypertensive Rats Increases Abdominal but Not Thoracic Aortic Intrinsic Stiffness via an Augmentation in Profibrotic Materials

The spontaneously hypertensive rat model with reduced NO synthesis (SHRLN) shares features with aging and hypertension in humans, among other a severe aortic stiffening. The present in vivo study aimed to compare thoracic (TA) and abdominal (AA) aortic stiffness in the SHRLN (treated 5 weeks with L-NAME), SHR, and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY). Dynamic properties of TA and AA were measured in the same rats, using echotracking recording of aortic diameter coupled with blood pressure (BP). Measurements were performed first at operating BP and then after BP reduction in hypertensive rats, thus in isobaric conditions. Histological staining and immunohistochemistry were used for structural analysis at both sites. At operating pressure, BP and pulse pressure (PP) were higher in SHRLN compared with SHR. Stiffness index was also increased and distensibility decreased in both TA and AA in SHRLN. At WKY-matched blood pressure, isobaric AA parameters remained specifically altered in SHRLN, whereas TA recovered to values identical to WKYs. Collagen, fibronectin, α5-selectin, and FAK were increased in SHRLN compared with SHR or WKY. Nevertheless, only the strong accumulations of fibronectin and collagen at the AA site in SHRLN were associated with intrinsic stiffening. In conclusion, we confirm that NO restriction associated with hypertension induces a severe pathological phenotype and shows that L-NAME induced stiffening is more pronounced in AA than in TA as a result of greater fibrosis