Soil fungi, but not bacteria, track vegetation reassembly across a 30-year restoration chronosequence in the northern jarrah forest, Western Australia

Plant communities have been the primary focus of ecological restoration initiatives; however, the integration of the soil microbiome has become of interest to restoration practice and theory. The inter-dependent nature of the above- and belowground biological environments has led to assumptions that reciprocal shifts in community compositions will occur in response to disturbance and restoration. Ecological restoration of post-mining landscapes within the northern jarrah forest re-instates vegetation communities that are representative of those in adjacent reference forest. The limited studies of soil microbial communities have not addressed whether these communities recover along similar trajectories to plant communities aboveground. Here, a 30-year restoration chronosequence of vegetation development was compared with that of the belowground assemblages of bacteria and fungi, identified using environmental DNA methods. Novel findings of this study highlight similarities between restoration trajectories of fungal and vegetation assemblages, though both remained distinct from reference jarrah forest compositions after 27-years. In contrast, soil bacterial assemblages in restored jarrah forest re-assembled rapidly, with substrate depth being a greater driver of composition than vegetation. Explanatory environmental variables, such as litter cover and initial fertiliser application, were significantly associated with vegetation composition. High covariance among physico-chemical factors made it difficult to establish influences of individual variables on bacterial and fungal communities. Litter depth was significantly associated with fungal composition across the restoration chronosequence, whilst available potassium was associated with both bacterial and fungal community composition. My findings add to a growing body of literature which acknowledges the rich diversity of the belowground microbial community, and the potential for their use as predictors of restoration trajectories. Future research could focus on direct associations between fungi and plant communities, such as potential for fungal inoculation to assist in the rapid reinstatement of missing plants which rely on symbiotic associations with the belowground microbiome

Analysis of the Precipitation and Growth Processes of the Intermetallic Phases in an Fe-Ni Superalloy

The chapter characterizes wrought iron-base superalloys and comprises two main parts. The first describes the chemical composition, microstructure, and precipitation reactions in Fe-Ni, Ni-Fe, and Fe-Cr superalloys. The second part presents the influence of prolonged aging on the precipitation and growth processes in an Fe-Ni superalloy of A-286 type. The prepared specimens, after solution heat treatment at 980°C/2 h/water, were aged at temperatures of 715°C, 750°C, and 780°C with the holding time of 0.5-500 h. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction were used to examine their structures. It was found, that application of a single-stage aging causes precipitation processes of γ’ - Ni3(Al,Ti), η - Ni3Ti, β - NiTi, G - Ni16Ti6Si7, and σ - Cr0.46Mo0.40Si0.14 intermetallic phases, as well as the carbide M23C6 and boride M3B2. The main phase precipitating during alloy aging was the γ’- type intermetallic phase. It was found that the mean diameter of γ’ phase precipitates increases as a function of the cube root of aging time, which is consistent with the predictions based on the Lifshitz-Slyozow-Wagner (LSW) theory. The determined value of activation energy for the process of γ’ phase coagulation in the examined alloy was E = 297 kJ/mole

What if I like it? Daily appraisal of technology-assisted supplemental work events and its effects on psychological detachment and work engagement

The article processing charge was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 491192747 and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.Introduction: Information and communication technologies (ICT) allow employees to engage in technology-assisted supplemental work (TASW), such as continuing work tasks and being contacted by supervisors or colleagues after their official working hours. Research has found that TASW can have positive and negative effects on employee wellbeing. Yet, it remains unclear under which circumstances TASW is beneficial or harmful. Building on appraisal theories, we hypothesized that a more positive appraisal of TASW events is related to higher levels of daily psychological detachment and work engagement. We further proposed that daily psychological detachment is positively associated with daily work engagement and mediates the relationship between appraisal of TASW events and daily work engagement. Methods: To test our hypotheses, we conducted a diary study with two surveys per day over five consecutive workdays (N = 135; 245 daily observations). Results: Results of multilevel path analysis showed that a more positive appraisal of TASW was positively related to work engagement. However, appraisal of TASW events was not associated with psychological detachment and, therefore, there was no mediating effect on work engagement. Discussion: Our results contribute to existing research by investigating potential beneficial aspects of TASW and its effects on work engagement. Future research avenues and practical implications are discussed.Peer Reviewe

Tägliche technologiegestützte Zusatzarbeit und ihre Auswirkungen auf gedankliches Abschalten und emotionale Erschöpfung

Technology-assisted supplemental work (TASW) has become a common demand in flexible work arrangements. Building on the effort–recovery model, we investigated how two TASW events after work (i. e., continuing work tasks, being contacted) affect psychological detachment and relaxation in the evening and, in turn, emotional exhaustion the next morning. With an event-oriented approach, we analyzed daily diary data of 215 employees (686 daily observations over five consecutive workdays). The results of multilevel path analysis showed a negative direct effect (a) of both TASW events on psychological detachment and (b) of being contacted on relaxation. A similar pattern was found for the indirect effects on exhaustion. The direct relationships between TASW events and emotional exhaustion were not significant. We conclude that employees should avoid TASW whenever possible in order to sufficiently recover from work and begin their next workday refreshed.Technologiegestützte Zusatzarbeit (TASW) ist zu einer häufigen Anforderung von flexiblen Arbeitsmodellen geworden. Aufbauend auf dem Effort-Recovery-Modell haben wir untersucht, wie sich zwei TASW-Ereignisse nach der Arbeit (Fortsetzung von Arbeitsaufgaben, Kontaktaufnahme durch andere) auf gedankliches Abschalten und Entspannung am Abend und somit die emotionale Erschöpfung am nächsten Morgen auswirken. Mit einem ereignisorientierten Ansatz haben wir tägliche Tagebuchdaten von 215 Beschäftigten (686 tägliche Beobachtungen an fünf aufeinanderfolgenden Arbeitstagen) analysiert. Die Ergebnisse der Multilevel-Pfadanalyse zeigten einen negativen direkten Effekt beider TASW-Ereignisse auf gedankliches Abschalten und von der Kontaktaufnahme durch andere auf Entspannung. Dasselbe Muster wurde für die indirekten Effekte auf Erschöpfung gefunden. Die direkten Beziehungen zwischen TASW-Ereignissen und emotionaler Erschöpfung waren nicht signifikant. Wir kommen zu dem Schluss, dass Beschäftigte TASW nach Möglichkeit vermeiden sollten, um sich ausreichend von der Arbeit zu erholen und erfrischt in den nächsten Arbeitstag zu starten

Gendersensible Gestaltung des neuen Studiengangs „BWL – Digitale Wirtschaft“ an der Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin

The advancing digitalisation is leading to a fundamental change in the world of work. So far, women have not taken advantage of the associated career opportunities to the same extent as men. A gender-sensitive design of degree programmes can make a significant contribution to changing this situation. This publication examines which measures were taken to this end in the new "Business Administration - Digital Economy" course at Beuth University of Applied Sciences. In addition, relevant experiences and good practices from other universities are presented and the possible gain of knowledge on career goals and career requirements from surveys of students and graduates is discussed

Gendersensible Gestaltung des neuen Studiengangs „BWL – Digitale Wirtschaft“ an der Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin

The advancing digitalisation is leading to a fundamental change in the world of work. So far, women have not taken advantage of the associated career opportunities to the same extent as men. A gender-sensitive design of degree programmes can make a significant contribution to changing this situation. This publication examines which measures were taken to this end in the new "Business Administration - Digital Economy" course at Beuth University of Applied Sciences. In addition, relevant experiences and good practices from other universities are presented and the possible gain of knowledge on career goals and career requirements from surveys of students and graduates is discussed

Small molecules, big targets: drug discovery faces the protein-protein interaction challenge.

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are of pivotal importance in the regulation of biological systems and are consequently implicated in the development of disease states. Recent work has begun to show that, with the right tools, certain classes of PPI can yield to the efforts of medicinal chemists to develop inhibitors, and the first PPI inhibitors have reached clinical development. In this Review, we describe the research leading to these breakthroughs and highlight the existence of groups of structurally related PPIs within the PPI target class. For each of these groups, we use examples of successful discovery efforts to illustrate the research strategies that have proved most useful.JS, DES and ARB thank the Wellcome Trust for funding.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Nature Publishing Group via http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd.2016.2

(E)-1-(2,5-Dimethyl-3-thien­yl)-3-(2,4,5-trimeth­oxy­phen­yl)prop-2-en-1-one

In the title compound, C18H20O4S, the thio­phene and benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 10.83 (11)°. The central chain makes dihedral angles of 1.86 (13) and 9.25 (12)° with the benzene and thio­phene rings, respectively. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked through weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions. π–π inter­actions are also observed between the benzene rings with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.6832 (12) Å. The slippage between the benzene rings is 0.956 Å