Laboratory evidence for volume-dominated nucleation of ice in supercooled water microdroplets

International audienceWe report on measurements of the rate of homogeneous ice nucleation in supercooled water microdroplets levitated in an electrodynamic balance. By comparison of the freezing probability for droplets of radius 49µm and 19µm, we are able to conclude that homogeneous freezing is a volume-proportional process and that surface nucleation might only be important, if at all, for much smaller droplets

Patron Demand Deposit Account and Regional Patronage Financing Activities of Agribusiness Cooperatives

This paper investigates agribusiness cooperatives' reliance on patron demand deposit accounts (PDDAs) and regional patronage as sources of capital. Approximately 13% of cooperatives carry PDDAs, typically fruit cooperatives, of which over one-half have no financial protection against large unexpected withdrawals. Cooperatives with PDDAs must be concerned with potential legal conflicts regarding the handling of these accounts, as evidenced by a U.S. Supreme Court case classifying PDDAs as securities. Supply cooperatives are most likely to show investment in other cooperatives as a high percentage of total assets, which could generate insolvency issues for locals.cooperative finance, patron demand deposit accounts, regional patronage., Agricultural Finance, Agribusiness,

PHIPS-HALO: The airborne Particle Habit Imaging and Polar Scattering probe-Part 1: Design and operation

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms ofthe Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/The number and shape of ice crystals present in mixed-phase and ice clouds influence the radiation properties, precipitation occurrence and lifetime of these clouds. Since clouds play a major role in the climate system, influencing the energy budget by scattering sunlight and absorbing heat radiation from the earth, it is necessary to investigate the optical and microphysical properties of cloud particles particularly in situ. The relationship between the microphysics and the single scattering properties of cloud particles is usually obtained by modelling the optical scattering properties from in situ measurements of ice crystal size distributions. The measured size distribution and the assumed particle shape might be erroneous in case of non-spherical ice particles. There is a demand to obtain both information correspondently and simultaneously for individual cloud particles in their natural environment. For evaluating the average scattering phase function as a function of ice particle habit and crystal complexity, in situ measurements are required. To this end we have developed a novel airborne optical sensor (PHIPS-HALO) to measure the optical properties and the corresponding microphysical parameters of individual cloud particles simultaneously. PHIPS-HALO has been tested in the AIDA cloud simulation chamber and deployed in mountain stations as well as research aircraft (HALO and Polar 6). It is a successive version of the laboratory prototype instrument PHIPS-AIDA. In this paper we present the detailed design of PHIPS-HALO, including the detection mechanism, optical design, mechanical construction and aerodynamic characterization.Final Published versio

Development of a generic concept to process questionnaire result data in different statistical applications

Up to this day, data collection in domains like medicine, psychology or education is mostly carried out manually through questionnaires. These questionnaires are often associated with a lot of effort, because each participant needs a physical copy of the questionnaire. Furthermore, the results of the survey need to be evaluated manually or have to be transferred to a statistical application by hand. This is not only time consuming, but also an opportunity for potential errors. The QuestionsSys project tries to solve these issues by providing a flexible framework, that can be used to create and configure questionnaires, to deploy them on smart mobile devices and to store collected data. In order to analyze this digitally collected data, it needs to be imported into a statistical tool where it can be analyzed further. The task of importing data requires a high amount of programming knowledge, which makes it rather difficult and time consuming for someone not familiar with programming. To compensate this, this thesis introduces a generic concept to import questionnaire result data into statistical tools. Furthermore, the QuestionSys project will be expanded with concrete implementations for the statistical programming language R as well as for Microsoft Office Excel

Consumers’ reaction to CSR information source with individual ethical orientation acting as a moderator: a mixed method study among Portuguese Millennials

The present research identifies unexplored contextual stimuli for which CSR messages result in a favorable or rather unfavorable attitudinal outcome among Portuguese Millennial consumers. Conducting a mixed method study, the CSR stimuli Information Source, was determined in qualitative interviews and examined on its effect in a sequential experimental study. Communicating about CSR affected consumers’ Attitude Towards a Company positively when information came from independent sources and backfired when information was initiated by a company itself, reinforced negatively respectively by a third-party cooperation. Moderation analysis confirmed that high levels of Individual Ethical Orientation had a more positive effect on attitude formation

Entwicklung einer Vorrichtung zum Orbitalschweißen eines dünnwandigen PP-Rohres mit einer PP-Endkappe

Die Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Thema „Entwicklung einer Vorrichtung zum Orbitalschweißen eines dünnwandigen PP-Rohres mit einer PP-Endkappe“. Die Arbeit befasst sich anfangs mit der Herstellung und den Eigenschaften des zuverarbeitenden Werkstoff PP. Anschließend werden Verbindungsverfahren für Kunststoffe erläutert und ein geeignetes Verfahren ausgewählt, danach die dafür nötigen Prozessparameter ermittelt und die Konstruktion der Versuchseinrichtung beschrieben. Um diese Werte zuerhalten sind verschiedene Messungen mit dem verwendeten Material vorgenommen und analysiert worden. Abschließend wurden anhand der gesammelten Erkenntnisse die durchgeführten Versuche ausgewertet und die nötigen Veränderungen an der Konstruktion beschrieben