Warming Up Density Functional Theory

Density functional theory (DFT) has become the most popular approach to electronic structure across disciplines, especially in material and chemical sciences. Last year, at least 30,000 papers used DFT to make useful predictions or give insight into an enormous diversity of scientific problems, ranging from battery development to solar cell efficiency and far beyond. The success of this field has been driven by usefully accurate approximations based on known exact conditions and careful testing and validation. In the last decade, applications of DFT in a new area, warm dense matter, have exploded. DFT is revolutionizing simulations of warm dense matter including applications in controlled fusion, planetary interiors, and other areas of high energy density physics. Over the past decade or so, molecular dynamics calculations driven by modern density functional theory have played a crucial role in bringing chemical realism to these applications, often (but not always) with excellent agreement with experiment. This chapter summarizes recent work from our group on density functional theory at non-zero temperatures, which we call thermal DFT. We explain the relevance of this work in the context of warm dense matter, and the importance of quantum chemistry to this regime. We illustrate many basic concepts on a simple model system, the asymmetric Hubbard dimer

Electroviscous effects of simple electrolytes under shear

On the basis of a hydrodynamical model analogous to that in critical fluids, we investigate the influences of shear flow upon the electrostatic contribution to the viscosity of binary electrolyte solutions in the Debye-H\"{u}ckel approximation. Within the linear-response theory, we reproduce the classical limiting law that the excess viscosity is proportional to the square root of the concentration of the electrolyte. We also extend this result for finite shear. An analytic expression of the anisotropic structure factor of the charge density under shear is obtained, and its deformation at large shear rates is discussed. A non-Newtonian effect caused by deformations of the ionic atmosphere is also elucidated for $\tau_D\dot{\gamma}>1$. This finding concludes that the maximum shear stress that the ionic atmosphere can support is proportional to $\lambda_D^{-3}$, where $\dot{\gamma}$, $\lambda_D$ and $\tau_D=\lambda_D^2/D$ are, respectively, the shear rate, the Debye screening length and the Debye relaxation time with $D$ being the relative diffusivity at the infinite dilution limit of the electrolyte.Comment: 13pages, 2figure

Rental Discrimination in the Multi-ethnic Metropolis: Evidence from Sydney

© 2016 Editorial Board, Urban Policy and Research. Investigating differential treatment in rental housing markets is important to ensure that renters are not discriminated against based on their personal characteristics. However, little Australian research has focused systematically on this question. This paper reports the results of a study that used paired tests to estimate the extent of differential treatment of Anglo, Indian, and Muslim Middle Eastern renters in the Sydney metropolitan housing market. We find statistically significant differences in treatment on several measures, including the likelihood an agent will offer an individual appointment, will provide additional information about other housing, will provide additional information about completing the application form, and will contact a prospective renter after an inspection

Parramatta 2035: Vibrant, Sustainable, Global

This Review, prepared at the request of the NSW Premier, tests the proposition that Greater Parramatta can become a ‘global city’ by 2035. Parramatta, in the past five years, has been the focus of intensive and accelerated urban regeneration. Equally, it has been the recent beneficiary of substantial public infrastructure investments. Ensuring these positive developments work to the city’s benefit, particularly against liveability and sustainability benchmarks is an emphasis of the Review. The city’s elevation into a ‘global’ cohort is conditional on the preservation and enhancement of these attributes, particularly in fundamental areas like housing affordability, cultural expression, and connectivity. Recognising the investment and talent attraction properties of these elements is a vitally important and, ideally, distinctive element of Parramatta’s current and future character. The Review identifies four priorities where government should now focus its efforts for this region over the next decade: 1. Greater Parramatta needs a Strategic Plan and better cross-government cooperation and investment in the region; 2. The development of the Greater Parramatta region needs to balance the goals of liveability and growth and better manage the unequal impacts of change; 3. Greater Parramatta’s economic future needs to be secured through preserving and investing in the region’s industrial and urban services land; and, 4. Sustainability needs to be a priority to ensure Greater Parramatta’s successful transformation into a resilient global city-region. The Review concludes that Parramatta will become a ‘global’ city, and notes that the real question is one of what type of global city it chooses to become. The Review makes twelve recommendations framed thematically across three priorities: 1. Strategic Planning and Governance; 2. Planning and Infrastructure Priorities; and, 3. Liveability and Sustainability

International labour migration and food production in rural Europe: a review of the evidence

Since Hoggart and Mendoza's paper on ‘African immigrant workers in Spanish agriculture' in Sociologia Ruralis in 1999 there has been a proliferation of interest in labour migration to/ in rural Europe. It is now clear that the rural realm has been, and is being, transformed by immigration, and that low-wage migrant workers in the food production industry are playing a particularly prominent role in this transformation. This paper takes stock of the literature and identifies seven key issues associated with low-wage labour migration, contemporary food production, and rural change. Most notably, since the 1990s, there has been growing demand for migrants in the segmented, and sometimes exploitative, labour markets of the European food production industries. This demand has been met across a variety of contexts, with states and labour market intermediaries playing a largely supportive role. However, migrants' integration into rural communities has often been problematic, with the emphasis being on the need for, rather than needs of, low-wage migrant workers

At least I don't live in Vegemite Valley : racism and rural public housing spaces

Drawing on a series of interviews conducted with both Indigenous and non-Indigenous public housing tenants in 2005, this paper investigates the way in which racialised discourses were used to construct rural public housing spaces and Indigenous tenants in the inland city of Griffith in south-western New South Wales (NSW). Informed by the literatures on 'old' and 'new' forms of racism, the paper identifies three separate, yet interdependent, discursive strategies used by interviewees. These include discourses that: (1) racialised Griffith's public housing spaces; (2) constructed Indigenous public housing tenants as receiving 'unfair privileges'; and (3) constructed Indigenous public housing tenants as 'ungovernable'. Furthermore, the employment of the 'denial' or 'disclaimer' as a discursive tactic in 'new' forms of racism was found to be used strategically as a means of maintaining such constructions. The paper ultimately seeks to contradict arguments, made by both Australian media outlets and politicians, that racism is an irrelevant factor when more broadly considering the issues facing rural public housing estates. The paper argues instead that 'race' is an integral feature to how some rural public housing estates and tenants are constructed and that racism is often an 'everyday' aspect of many public housing tenants' experiences

Rural economies in the 'age of migration' : perspectives from OECD countries

An important feature of globalisation processes has been the increased level of immigration. For the most part, this has been considered an urban phenomenon. As a consequence, a less well-known feature of contemporary global immigration patterns is that an increasing proportion of immigrants are now settling in rural locations. Over the last decade, however, there has been a burgeoning of research into the political-economic processes that have produced an increased level of immigration into rural regions in many OECD nation-states. This paper begins by reviewing some of the reasons why this dimension of rural demographic change has gone under the radar of both researchers and policy makers. It then examines how immigration into rural regions is both an important feature of the multifunctional rural transition and a product of the ‘regionalisation’ of immigration policy as a distinct regional development strategy employed regarding rural areas