Commonality Study of the Pressure-Volume-Temperature Based Propellant Gaging Software Modules for the Auxiliary Power Unit, Reaction Control System, and Orbital Maneuvering System

Computer storage requirements can be reduced if areas of commonality exist in two or more programs placed in the same computer and identical code can be used by more than one program. The pressure-volume-temperature (P-V-T) relationship for the propellant tank pressurant agent is utilized as the basis for either a primary of a backup propellant gaging program for the auxiliary power unit (APU), the reaction control system (RCS), and the orbital maneuvering system (OMS). These three propellant gaging programs were investigated. It was revealed that a very limited degree of software commonality exits among them. An examination of this common software indicated that only the computation of the helium compressibility factor in an external function subprogram accessible to both the RCS and OMS propellant gaging programs appears to offer a savings in computer storage requirements

The Shuttle Orbital Maneuvering System P-V-T Propellant Quantity Gaging Accuracy and Leak Detection Allowance for Four Instrumentation Conditions

The shuttle orbital maneuvering system (OMS) pressure-volume-temperature (P-V-T) propellant gaging module computes the quantity of usable OMS propellant remaining based on the real gas P-V-T relationship for the propellant tank pressurant, helium. The OMS P-V-T propellant quantity gaging error was determined for four sets of instrumentation configurations and accuracies with the propellant tank operating in the normal constant pressure mode and in the blowdown mode. The instrumentation inaccuracy allowance for propellant leak detection was also computed for these same four sets of instrumentation. These gaging errors and leak detection allowances are presented in tables designed to permit a direct comparison of the effectiveness of the four instrumentation sets. The results show the magnitudes of the improvements in propellant quantity gaging accuracies and propellant leak detection allowances which can be achieved by employing more accurate pressure and temperature instrumentation

Nitrogen Trading in Lake Taupo: An Analysis and Evaluation of an Innovative Water Management Strategy

This paper provides a concise introduction to and evaluation of the Lake Taupo nitrogen cap and trade program established as part of Waikato Regional Council?s recent Regional Plan Variation Five. The policy establishes a catchment-wide cap on nitrogen losses by allocating farmers individual nitrogen discharge allowances and allowing those farmers flexibility to trade allowances amongst themselves and to sell allowances to a public fund while remaining within the overall catchment cap. This paper seeks to explain the structure and evolution of the nitrogen trading market and to analyse its impact thus far by drawing on a wide variety of relevant perspectives. Research drawn from written material and basic quantitative data provide the basis for analysing the policy, while interviews with relevant stakeholders provide insight into the successful, surprising and contentious issues which arose throughout its development and implementation

Error Analysis of the Shuttle Orbital Maneuvering System P-V-T Propellant Gaging Module. Mission Planning, Mission Analysis and Software Formulation

An investigation of the shuttle orbital maneuvering system (OMS) pressure-volume-temperature (P-V-T) propellant gaging module has revealed that the gaging errors due to the combined effects of random instrumentation measurement errors, propellant loading uncertainties, and simplifying assumptions in the software are non-linear over the range of the usable propellant quantity gage (0-100%), with the largest error being at the zero point. When the OMS propellant tanks in the orbiter vehicle pods are filled to contain 100% of the maximum usable propellant, the gaging error at the zero point was determined to be 9.5% for the fuel and 9.5% for the oxidizer. When the OMS propellant tanks initially contain 50% of the maximum usable propellant, the largest gaging error is still 9.5% for the fuel and 9.5% for the oxidizer

Nitrogen Trading in Lake Taupo: An Analysis and Evaluation of an Innovative Water Management Strategy

This paper provides a concise introduction to and evaluation of the Lake Taupo nitrogen cap and trade program established as part of Waikato Regional Council's recent Regional Plan Variation Five. The policy establishes a catchment-wide cap on nitrogen losses by allocating farmers individual nitrogen discharge allowances and allowing those farmers flexibility to trade allowances amongst themselves and to sell allowances to a public fund while remaining within the overall catchment cap. This paper seeks to explain the structure and evolution of the nitrogen trading market and to analyse its impact thus far by drawing on a wide variety of relevant perspectives. Research drawn from written material and basic quantitative data provide the basis for analysing the policy, while interviews with relevant stakeholders provide insight into the successful, surprising and contentious issues which arose throughout its development and implementation.Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use,

S04RS SGB No. 26 (NATCO)

A BILL to appropriate two thousand three hundred and ninety-nine dollars and forty cents ($2,399.40) to the Captain Frank S. Hagan Squadron of Arnold Air Society at LSU to help defray the cost of attending the annual National Conclave (NATCON) to be held in Denver, Colorado from April 9th -13th , 2004

Contemporary art of Iraqis and categorical assumptions of nationality: an analysis of the art and narratives of Hana Mal Allah, Adel Abidin and Wafaa Bilal

Iraqi art is a field of study that has been marginalized and misrepresented by scholars and western art institutions. Since the American-led occupation of Iraq in 2003, however, scholars and curators have shown an increased amount of interest in exhibiting the works of artists from Iraq. Resulting from both the limited amount of scholarly research on their art and from a western tendency to categorize a people in terms of nationality, Iraqi artists are now being carelessly grouped into easy and inaccurate classifications. To illustrate the fallacies of this new categorical trend, this paper analyzes the art and lives of three Iraqi artists, Hana Mal Allah, Adel Abidin and Wafaa Bilal