Normal Elliptic Bases and Torus-Based Cryptography

We consider representations of algebraic tori $T_n(F_q)$ over finite fields. We make use of normal elliptic bases to show that, for infinitely many squarefree integers $n$ and infinitely many values of $q$, we can encode $m$ torus elements, to a small fixed overhead and to $m$ $\phi(n)$-tuples of $F_q$ elements, in quasi-linear time in $\log q$. This improves upon previously known algorithms, which all have a quasi-quadratic complexity. As a result, the cost of the encoding phase is now negligible in Diffie-Hellman cryptographic schemes

Cell growth and differentiation in Arabidopsis epidermal cells

Plant epidermal cells are morphologically diverse, differing in size, shape, and function. Their unique morphologies reflect the integral function each cell performs in the organ to which it belongs. Cell morphogenesis involves multiple cellular processes acting in concert to create specialized shapes. The Arabidopsis epidermis contains numerous cell types greatly differing in shape, size, and function. Work on three types of epidermal cells, namely trichomes, root hairs, and pavement cells, has made significant progress towards understanding how plant cells reach their final morphology. These three cell types have highly distinct morphologies and each has become a model cell for the study of morphological processes. A growing body of knowledge is creating a picture of how endoreduplication, cytoskeletal dynamics, vesicle transport, and small GTPase signalling, work in concert to create specialized shapes. Similar mechanisms that determine cell shape and polarity are shared between these cell types, while certain mechanisms remain specific to eac

Potentiels et limites d'une communication digitale dans la valorisation des biens et services durables dans la région genevoise

Dans un contexte écologique social et économique de plus en plus difficile, une nouvelle alternative est née, l’économie sociale et solidaire composée d’ESS (entreprises sociales et solidaires). Ces entreprises se positionnent comme une alternative, mettant au centre de ses priorités l’homme et son environnement, s’opposant aux entreprises que je nommerai «capitalistes» ayant pour but la maximisation du profit. La communication étant un levier permettant de promouvoir et d’améliorer la visibilité de ces entreprises émergentes, je me suis consacrée spécifiquement à la communication digitale en adéquation avec notre ère d’hyper connexion. À l’aide de mes nombreuses recherches personnelles, d’entretiens avec des experts et d’un sondage en ligne, j’ai pu faire ressortir certains freins à une communication digitale tels que le manque de compétences, le manque de temps, et le manque de moyens financiers par exemple. En tenant compte des freins existants, je listerai les outils digitaux qui existent, certains moins durables, mais drastiquement efficaces, et certains à vocation plus durable, mais parfois encore en élaboration. Pour chaque outil, seront listés leurs potentiels et leurs limites. Le principal challenge sera de démontrer les potentiels de certains outils tout en tenant compte des besoins spécifiques des ESS et de leurs limites. À la fin, je proposerai sept recommandations telles que, mutualiser les services d’un community manager, créer des formations et conférences sur la communication digitale, ou encore créer une agence de communication digitale rattachée à Après-GE. Être conscient des opportunités qu’offre l’ère d’internet est le premier pas vers l’action. Ces nouvelles entreprises à vocations durables se doivent d’être convenablement informées des outils à leur disposition, des potentiels et des limites de ces derniers. La communication n’est pas à négliger, même dans le monde de l’économie sociale et solidaire. Elle empêche la marginalisation, et la transition passe par l’utilisation des outils créés par l’économie d’aujourd’hui

Specific functions of individual class III peroxidase genes

In higher plants, class III peroxidases exist as large multigene families (e.g. 73 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana). The diversity of processes catalysed by peroxidases as well as the large number of their genes suggests the possibility of a functional specialization of each isoform. In addition, the fact that peroxidase promoter sequences are very divergent and that protein sequences contain both highly conserved domains and variable regions supports this hypothesis. However, two difficulties are associated with the study of the function of specific peroxidase genes: (i) the modification of the expression of a single peroxidase gene often results in no visible mutant phenotype, because it is compensated by redundant genes; and (ii) peroxidases show low substrate specificity in vitro resulting in an unreliable indication of peroxidase specific activity unless complementary data are available. The generalization of molecular biology approaches such as whole transcriptome analysis and recombinant DNA combined with biochemical approaches provide unprecedented tools for overcoming these difficulties. This review highlights progress made with these new techniques for identifying the specific function of individual class III peroxidase genes taking as an example the model plant A. thaliana, as well as discussing some other plant

Generation of internal stress and its effects

Internal stresses may be generated continually in many polycrystalline materials. Their existence is manifested by changes in crystal defect concentration and arrangement, by surface observations, by macroscopic shape changes and particularly by alteration of mechanical properties when external stresses are simultaneously imposed