Towards a dialogic management of cognitive competence

In this paper we examine the nature of the competences needed for promoting innovation and change. Taking our experiences as the starting point, we examined the literature and interviewed managers and those responsible for innovation in enterprises and discovered that our research findings contradict the simplistic view of innovation facilitation and management material in the work place. Our research suggests that for innovation to take place two contradictory notions, the order principle and the disorder principle, have to be engaged at the same time. As a philosophy, the Positivistic epistemology is unable to handle these contradictions. Therefore we suggest the use of Morin's “dialogy” as a way of managing these contradictions essential for innovation."Innovation and change";"order and disorder";"management";"contradictions";"dialogy"

Accompagner le porteur de projet innovant ... où comment faire émerger ses compétences

La création d'entreprise innovante revêt de forts enjeux en termes de développement économique mais sa finalité réside véritablement dans la pérennisation des entreprises nouvellement créées. Ce travail de recherche, qui s'inscrit dans cette optique en se centrant sur le développement du porteur de projet, se propose d'avancer dans la compréhension de la dynamique que ce dernier impulse dans le cadre de son accompagnement en incubateur. L'objectif est d'encourager l'accompagnateur à enrichir sa pratique en enclenchant un processus d'autonomisation du porteur de projet, confronté à une activité complexe et à de nombreux changements. Concevant, mettant en œuvre et gérant l'ensemble des évènements survenant dans le développement du projet, nous considérons que le porteur est au cœur de ce processus ; ses représentations y jouent un rôle déterminant et leur évolution caractérise l'étendue des apprentissages qu'il doit réaliser, celui-ci étant souvent néophyte en matière de création d'entreprise ; nos résultats situent principalement ces apprentissages au niveau de la construction du projet et de la construction personnelle du rôle d'entrepreneur. Nous montrons ainsi que, durant la période d'incubation, il est nécessaire pour l'accompagnateur de fortifier les apprentissages du porteur pour que ce dernier s'en imprègne durablement et initie une dynamique de construction de compétences qui favorise sa confiance, sa prise d'initiatives et son autonomie dans l'activité d'entrepreneur. La dimension opérationnelle qui nous guide dans ce travail nous conduit à proposer des orientations relatives à ces principes permettant d'organiser et de co-construire la relation d'accompagnement"Création d'entreprise innovante";" incubateur";"co-construction de l'accompagnement";"représentations";"apprentissage";"compétences";"autonomisation"

Impact of three ampicillin dosage regimens on selection of ampicillin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and excretion of blaTEM genes in swine feces

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of three ampicillin dosage regimens on ampicillin resistance among Enterobacteriaceae recovered from swine feces using phenotypic and genotypic approaches. Phenotypically, ampicillin resistance was determined from the percentage of resistant Enterobacteriaceae and MICs of E. coli isolates. The pool of ampicillin resistance genes was also monitored by quantification of blaTEM genes, which code for the most frequently produced β-lactamases in Gram-negative bacteria, using a newly-developed real-time PCR assay. Ampicillin was administered intramuscularly and by oral route to fed or fasted pigs for 7 days at 20 mg/kg. The average percentage of resistant Enterobacteriaceae before treatment was between 2.5% and 12% and blaTEM genes quantities were below 107 copies/g of feces. By days four and seven, the percentage of resistant Enterobacteriaceae exceeded 50% in all treated groups, with some highly resistant strains (MIC>256µg/mL). In the control group, blaTEM genes quantities fluctuated between 104 - 106 copies/g of feces, whereas they fluctuated between 106-108 and 107-109 copies/g of feces for intramuscular and oral routes, respectively. Whereas phenotypic evaluations did not discriminate between the three ampicillin dosage regimens, blaTEM genes quantification was able to differentiate between the effects of two routes of ampicillin administration. Our results suggest that fecal blaTEM genes quantification provides a sensitive tool to evaluate the impact of ampicillin administration on the selection of ampicillin resistance in the digestive microflora and its dissemination in the environment

Prévention des lésions des ischio-jambiers par renforcement excentrique chez les sportifs: le Nordic Hamstring : travail de Bachelor

Dans le domaine du sport, les blessures les plus courantes chez les athlètes sont les lésions musculaires des ischio-jambiers. Elles entrainent de longues indisponibilités et gênent les joueurs dans leur reprise de l’activité sportive. Pour le physiothérapeute, la prévention reste le meilleur moyen pour limiter l’apparition de ce type de blessure. Récemment décrit dans la littérature comme un exercice de choix en matière de prévention, le Nordic Hamstring a suscité notre intérêt. L’objectif de cette revue de la littérature est donc d’identifier les répercussions que pourraient avoir un exercice de renforcement excentrique de type Nordic Hamstring dans la prévention des lésions aux ischio-jambiers

A statistical algorithm for estimating chlorophyll concentration in the New Caledonian lagoon

Spatial and temporal dynamics of phytoplankton biomass and water turbidity can provide crucial information about the function, health and vulnerability of lagoon ecosystems (coral reefs, sea grasses, etc.). A statistical algorithm is proposed to estimate chlorophyll-a concentration ([chl-a]) in optically complex waters of the New Caledonian lagoon from MODIS-derived remote-sensing reflectance (R-rs). The algorithm is developed via supervised learning on match-ups gathered from 2002 to 2010. The best performance is obtained by combining two models, selected according to the ratio of R-rs in spectral bands centered on 488 and 555 nm: a log-linear model for low [chl-a] (AFLC) and a support vector machine (SVM) model or a classic model (OC3) for high [chl-a]. The log-linear model is developed based on SVM regression analysis. This approach outperforms the classical OC3 approach, especially in shallow waters, with a root mean squared error 30% lower. The proposed algorithm enables more accurate assessments of [chl-a] and its variability in this typical oligo- to meso-trophic tropical lagoon, from shallow coastal waters and nearby reefs to deeper waters and in the open ocean

Distribution in the Musa diversity of two large chromosomal translocations using re-sequencing data

Banana cultivars are derived from hybridization between Musa acuminata subspecies. Theses subspecies diverged following geographical isolation in distinct Southeast Asian continental regions and islands. Observation of chromosome pairing irregularities in meiosis of hybrids between theses subspecies suggested the presence of large chromosomal structural variations (LSV). We recently described a reciprocal translocation compare to the sequence M. acuminata reference in a subgroup of malaccensis accessions and another one in M. balbisiana. Using a self-progeny of Calcutta4 genotyped by GBS and large insert paired reads mapped on the reference genome, we characterized two large structural variations in the accession “Calcutta4” from the subspecies burmannicoides relative to the reference sequence assembly obtained with a M. a. ssp malaccensis accession. These large structural variations consist in a reciprocal translocation involving a 240 kb distal region of acrocentric chromosome 2 and a 7.2 Mb distal region of chromosome 8 and a second reciprocal translocation involving a 20.8Mb distal region of acrocentric chromosome 1 and an 11.6Mb distal region of chromosome 9. At the breakpoints, intricate events of duplication and deletion/rearrangements involving small fragments were detected. These rearrangement were validated using a preliminary assembly of “Calcutta 4” accession obtained from Nanopore Reads. We developed a methodology to exploit short-insert paired reads resequencing data to analyze the distribution of these two LSV in Musa germplasm. To do so, we designed a pipeline looking for read pair overlapping rearrangement breakpoints for the two structures. First results suggested micro-variations at rearrangement breakpoints for several representatives of Musa acuminata diversity. We thus used PacBio and Nanopore sequencing data from 2 additional representatives of Musa acuminata subspecies (ssp banksii and ssp zebrina) to design additional rearrangement breakpoints for these accessions. All breakpoints presence/absence where then tested for the 159 accessions for which paired reads were available. Results showed that both translocations are shared by all wild accessions belonging to the burmannicoides/burmannica/siamea subspecies. The chromosome 2/8 translocation is also found at the heterozygous state in two cultivars. The relatively low frequency in cultivated accessions of these alternate structures confirmed that burmannicoides/burmannica/siamea subspecies had a low contribution to cultivated bananas. Those two M. a. burmannica specific large structural variations correspond to the “Northern” group suggested by Shepherd (1999) based on meiosis observations

Continuous quantification of HER2 expression by microfluidic precision immunofluorescence estimates HER2 gene amplification in breast cancer.

Chromogenic immunohistochemistry (IHC) is omnipresent in cancer diagnosis, but has also been criticized for its technical limit in quantifying the level of protein expression on tissue sections, thus potentially masking clinically relevant data. Shifting from qualitative to quantitative, immunofluorescence (IF) has recently gained attention, yet the question of how precisely IF can quantify antigen expression remains unanswered, regarding in particular its technical limitations and applicability to multiple markers. Here we introduce microfluidic precision IF, which accurately quantifies the target expression level in a continuous scale based on microfluidic IF staining of standard tissue sections and low-complexity automated image analysis. We show that the level of HER2 protein expression, as continuously quantified using microfluidic precision IF in 25 breast cancer cases, including several cases with equivocal IHC result, can predict the number of HER2 gene copies as assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Finally, we demonstrate that the working principle of this technology is not restricted to HER2 but can be extended to other biomarkers. We anticipate that our method has the potential of providing automated, fast and high-quality quantitative in situ biomarker data using low-cost immunofluorescence assays, as increasingly required in the era of individually tailored cancer therapy