Transient climate simulations with the HadGEM1 climate model: Causes of past warming and future climate change

The ability of climate models to simulate large-scale temperature changes during the twentieth century when they include both anthropogenic and natural forcings and their inability to account for warming over the last 50 yr when they exclude increasing greenhouse gas concentrations has been used as evidence for an anthropogenic influence on global warming. One criticism of the models used in many of these studies is that they exclude some forcings of potential importance, notably from fossil fuel black carbon, biomass smoke, and land use changes. Herein transient simulations with a new model, the Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model version 1 (HadGEM1), are described, which include these forcings in addition to other anthropogenic and natural forcings, and a fully interactive treatment of atmospheric sulfur and its effects on clouds. These new simulations support previous work by showing that there was a significant anthropogenic influence on near-surface temperature change over the last century. They demonstrate that black carbon and land use changes are relatively unimportant for explaining global mean near-surface temperature changes. The pattern of warming in the troposphere and cooling in the stratosphere that has been observed in radiosonde data since 1958 can only be reproduced when the model includes anthropogenic forcings

Kettlebell Swings as a Conditioning Activity on Standing Power Throw: Exploring Post-Activation Performance Enhancement in ROTC Cadets

Post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) is a neuromuscular phenomenon where high-intensity conditioning activities (CA) temporarily improve explosive performance. While resistance and ballistic exercises are well-studied for PAPE, the effectiveness of kettlebell swings (KBS) in enhancing Standing Power Throw (SPT) performance remains unclear. Given the SPT’s role in the Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT), identifying effective PAPE strategies could improve ACFT scores. Using a randomized crossover design, this study examined whether KBS before the SPT enhanced throw distance in 19 ROTC cadets (male: n = 17, female: n = 2). Participants completed two conditions: (1) KBS (two sets of five reps with a 40-lb kettlebell) before the SPT and (2) the control condition walked for three minutes, the same duration it took to complete the KBS protocol. Both included a standardized warm-up and a five-minute rest before testing. The best throw from two attempts was recorded, and a two-way repeatedmeasures ANOVA assessed performance differences. Results showed no significant improvement in SPT performance with KBS compared to rest (F = 0.418, p = 0.526, η² = 0.023). Several factors may explain this, including suboptimal load selection—either insufficient or excessive—for effective neuromuscular potentiation, limited movement specificity between KBS and SPT, and variability in participant training levels. Since PAPE effects are more pronounced in trained individuals, the freshmen participants\u27 limited KBS experience may have hindered potentiation. Future research should explore CAs with greater biomechanical specificity, higher loads, and individualized protocols to optimize PAPE in military performance assessments

Fracture toughness of a series of high chromium abrasion resistant alloys

The fracture properties of a series of alloys containing 15% chromium and 0.8 to 3.4% carbon are investigated using strain fracture toughness testing techniques. The object of the work is to apply a quantitative method of measuring toughness to abrasion resistant materials, which have previously been assessed on an empirical basis; and to examine the relationship between microstructure and K10 in an attempt to improve the toughness of inherently brittle materials. A review of the relevant literature includes discussion of the background to the alloy series under investigation, a survey of the development of fracture mechanics and the emergence of K10 as a toughness parameter. Metallurgical variables such as composition, heat treatment, grain size, and hot working are ???? to relate microstructure to toughness, and fractographic evidence is used to substantiate the findings. The results are applied to a model correlating ductile fracture with plastic strain instability, and the nucleation of voids. Strain induced martensite formation in austenitic structures is analysed in terms of the plastic energy dissipation mechanisms operating at the crack tip. Emphasis is placed on the lower carbon alloys in the series, and a composition put forward to optimise wear resistance and toughness. The properties of established competitive materials are compared to the proposed alloy on a toughness and cost basis

Tin in Southeastern Europe?

Apart from Cornwall, the only indisputable source of tin in the prehistoric Europe, some new potential sources in Southeastern Europe (on the mountains Bukulja and Cer in western Serbia), should be considered. The fortunate coincidence, that the deposits of copper and tin ore were found close to each other, very likely played the crucial role in the production of full-fledged bronze towards the end of the Vučedol culture (phase C)

Celestial symbolism in the Vučedol culture

The article presents the Vučedol Culture conception of the world, as shown on their vessels, particularly the terrines and the vessels developed from them – referred to as censers. They had more of a ritual than a practical role. Particular attention is drawn to the pot with the calendar image.V članku obravnavamo pojmovanje sveta v kontekstu Vučedolske kulture, kot se kaže na njihovih posodah, še posebej na terinah in posodah, ki so se razvile iz njih – takoimenovanih kadilnicah. Te posode so imele bolj ritualen kot praktičen pomen. Posebno pozornost namenjamo posodi s sliko koledarja

INTEGRASI TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL DAN THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR TERHADAP INTENTION TO USE MOBILE PAYMENT (STUDI PADA PENGGUNA OVO DI SURABAYA)

The development of technology in finance is one of the impacts of the demands of industrial revolution 4.0. One of the most highlighted developments in financial technology is the use of electronic money. Growth in the use of electronic money in Indonesia since 2015 both server-based or known as mobile payments and chip-based continues to experience a significant increase. This research uses a conceptual model of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and model development from previous research results. The model was empirically validated using Partial Least Square analysis using the responses gained from 100 OVO users in Surabaya. Sampling uses incidental sampling techniques. The findings of this study indicate that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, compatibility, security, and trust do not affect the intention to use OVO. While attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control have a positive effect on the intention to use OVO. The practical implication of this research provides strategies for mobile payment providers for technology development. Keywords: OVO users; PLS; TAM; TPB