Does periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics improve orthodontic treatment outcome? A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) can be used to improve periodontal conditions and accelerate tooth movement. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare periodontal outcome and treatment duration of patients undergoing PAOO to accelerate orthodontic treatment. SEARCH METHOD: An electronic search was performed in four electronic databases including Pubmed, EBSCO Cochrane library, CINAHL Complete for randomized clinical trials till November 2017. A hand search was performed on clinicaltrials.gov and Google scholar. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials reporting periodontal outcomes and treatment duration of PAOO in adult patients by evaluating treatment duration, root resorption, bone density and pocket depths were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors conducted searches, data extraction and bias assessment with conflict resolution with a third author. Cochrane\u27s tool for risk of bias assessment was used for evaluation. A manual search was conducted for additional studies. A quantitative synthesis of the pooled results was conducted. RESULTS: Five studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and two in the quantitative synthesis. A total of 56 patients underwent the PAOO technique; the effects of this therapy were compared with 21 patients who underwent corticotomy, 9 underwent non-extraction comprehensive orthodontic treatment and 15 underwent fixed mechanotherapy with extractions of first premolars. A random effect model was used for pocket depths and showed a non-significant difference between bioactive glass augmented corticotomy and corticotomy alone (weighted mean difference, -0.03; 95% CI, -0.16, 0.09). Bone density elucidated a non-significant difference between bioactive glass augmented corticotomy and corticotomy alone (weighted mean difference, 27.69; 95% CI, -2.29, 57.67). Fixed effect model was used for root length which revealed a non-significant difference between bioactive glass augmented corticotomy and corticotomy alone (weighted mean difference, 0.01; 95% CI, -0.00, 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Studies showed significant improvements in periodontal health. Treatment duration was reduced in patients who underwent PAOO. Root resorption was not sufficiently evaluated by current literature

Interleukin-6 selectively induces drug metabolism to potentiate the genotoxicity of dietary carcinogens in mammary cells

AbstractBreast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in females, the etiology being multifactorial and includes the role of lifestyle exposure to DNA-damaging chemicals such as dietary carcinogens benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4, 5-b] pyridine (PhIP). Both compounds require cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolic activation to DNA-damaging species, and both induce transcriptional responses through the nuclear receptors Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and estrogen receptor α (ERα). BaP and PhIP are mammary carcinogens in rodents. Clinically, circulating IL-6 expression is linked with poor prognosis of cancer and 35% of the deaths in breast cancer are linked with inflammation. The objective of this work was to investigate the molecular toxicology and local activation of BaP and PhIP in the presence of IL-6. Our laboratory has previously reported that miR27b can regulate CYP1B1 expression in colorectal cells, here we have investigated if this mechanism is working in mammary cell models, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Treatment (24 h) of cells with BaP (10 nM-10 µM) and PhIP (100 nM-100 µM) significantly induced genetic damage (micronuclei formation) in a dose-dependent manner in both cell lines. This effect was potentiated in the presence of human IL-6 at concentrations reported to be expressed in clinical breast cancer. On its own, IL-6 treatment failed to induce micronuclei frequency above the control levels in these cells. Compared to BaP or PhIP treatment alone, IL-6 plus BaP or PhIP selectively induced CYP1B1 significantly in both cell lines. Additionally, miR27b expression was downregulated by IL-6 treatments and transfection with miR27b inhibitor confirmed that miR27b is a regulator of CYP1B1 in both cell lines. These data show that BaP- and PhIP-induced DNA damage in mammary cells is potentiated by the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and that inflammation-induced CYP expression, specifically CYP1B1 via miR27b, is responsible for this effect.</jats:p

Correlation between radiographic parameters for the prediction of palatally impacted maxillary canines

DESIGN: Split-mouth case-control study. SETTING: Single-centre university dental hospital. METHODS: Thirty-three individuals with palatally impacted canines and non-impacted contra-lateral teeth were recruited. Radiographic variables angle A, angle B, angle C, distance D, sector class and depth of vertical impaction were measured for both groups. Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman\u27s correlation coefficient were used to analyse significant differences and association between variables with sector class and depth of vertical impaction, respectively. Logistic regression analysis determined radiographic parameters as predictors of palatal impaction. RESULTS: Significant differences were seen between sector class, depth of vertical impaction and the radiographic parameters between cases and controls ( P ⩽ 0.001). For cases, strong correlation was found for angle C between the impacted canine and occlusal plane (r = -0.28, P = 0.022) and perpendicular distance D of impacted canine to the occlusal plane (r = 0.81, P ⩽ 0.001) with the depth of vertical impaction. Logistic regression analysis showed the odds of canine impaction increase with an increase in angle B and angle C. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that greater depth of vertical impaction, sector class, increased perpendicular distance and reduced angulation from occlusal plane resulted in palatal impaction of permanent maxillary canines. The odds of palatal canine impaction increase nearly twofold with every 10 increase in angle B and angle C

Regulation of cell signaling pathways by Wogonin in different cancers: Mechanistic review

Natural products have historically been invaluable as a premium source of therapeutic agents. Recent advancements in genomics and structural biology have portrayed a high-resolution landscape of the diversity of proteins targeted by pharmacologically active products from natural sources. Natural product research has generated valuable wealth of information and cutting-edge research-works have leveraged our conceptual knowledge altogether to a new level. Wogonin (5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone) is an O-methylated flavone and has attracted noteworthy appreciation because of its ability to pharmacologically target plethora of cell signaling pathways in different cancers. In this mini-review, we have gathered scattered pieces of available scientific evidence to summarize how wogonin pharmaceutically targeted Wnt/β-catenin, JAK/STAT, VEGF/VEGFR and TRAIL-driven apoptotic pathways in wide variety of cancers. We have also critically analyzed how wogonin prevented carcinogenesis and metastasis in tumor-bearing mice. Although researchers have uncovered pleiotropic role of wogonin in the regulation of different oncogenic signaling cascades but there are visible knowledge gaps in our understanding related to regulation of non-coding RNAs by wogonin. Future studies must converge on the unraveling of additional drug targets for wogonin to achieve a fuller and realistic understanding of the chemopreventive properties of wogonin.</jats:p

Prevalence of Hirsutism among Females with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Hyperthyrodism at Tertiary Care Hospital of Sindh, Pakistan

Introduction: Hirsutism is in fact unwanted growth of hairs on the various parts of body of females. Hairs arises particularly on those parts of the body on which hairs are not grown normally in females such as chin, upper lips, abdomen, legs, shoulder and back of the body. Various reasons are reported till so far for the hirsutism development. The prevalence of hirsutism was very low.&#x0D; Methodology: Across-sectional study was conducted at tertiary care hospital of Sindh, Pakisan for the period of 06 months. A well structured questionnaire was developed comprises on three parts. Which was given to the female students and all the participants were guided regarding filling of that proforma and Ferriman-Gallway scale was used to measure the frequency parameters of Hirsutism.&#x0D; Results: The condition of hirsutism was found among 183 participants, the distribution of hairs was quite different in all selected study subjects. 26 females had hairs on chin, 154 females had hair grown on upper lips, 24 females had hairs on lower abdomen, 13 had hairs on upper abdomen,  11 participants had hairs on arms and legs whereas only 04 girls had hair grown on their shoulders and back of the body. As far as their family background is concern 41 females were belongs to upper class, 117 females belongs to middle class while 25 females were belonging to lower class families.&#x0D; Conclusion: The prevalence of hirsutism was very much common among the females with the associated condition of Idiopathic hirsutism (53%), pulmonary chronic obstructive diseases (31.5%) and Acanthosis nigricans was the most widely recognized cutaneous finding related with   hirsutism.</jats:p