Over-the-Counter Relief from Pains and Pleasures Alike: Acetaminophen Blunts Sensitivity to Both Negative and Positive Reactions

Social and Behavioral Sciences; Social Work; Law: 2nd Place (The Ohio State University Edward F. Hayes Graduate Research Forum)Acetaminophen, an effective and popular over-the-counter pain reliever (e.g., Tylenol®), has recently been shown to blunt individuals’ reactivity to a range of negative stimuli beyond physical pain. Because past psychological and neuroimaging research has linked reduced sensitivity to negative reactions to similarly diminished sensitivity to positive reactions, we conducted two experiments testing whether acetaminophen might blunt individuals’ evaluations and emotional experiences to both negative and positive stimuli alike. In each study, participants received either acetaminophen or placebo, and evaluated emotionally evocative stimuli on valence (Study 1 and 2), emotional arousal (Study 1 and 2), and non-evaluative aspects (Study 2). Results revealed that participants taking acetaminophen (versus placebo) evaluated unpleasant stimuli less negatively and pleasant stimuli less positively, and were less emotionally aroused overall. Conversely, non-evaluative judgments were unaffected by treatment. These findings suggest that the mechanism by which acetaminophen reduces pain may more broadly blunt individuals’ evaluative and emotional processing.A one-year embargo was granted for this item

Impact of Vegetative Treatment Systems on Multiple Measures of Antibiotic Resistance in Agricultural Wastewater

Wastewater is an important vector of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARB/G). While there is broad agreement that ARB/G from agricultural (ag) wastewaters can be transported through the environment and may contribute to untreatable infectious disease in humans and animals, there remain large knowledge gaps surrounding applied details on the types and amounts of ARB/G associated with different agricultural wastewater treatment options and different ag production systems. This study evaluates a vegetative treatment system (VTS) built to treat the wastewater from a beef cattle feedlot. Samples were collected for three years, and plated on multiple media types to enumerate tetracycline and cefotaxime-resistant bacteria. Enterobacteriaceae isolates (n = 822) were characterized for carriage of tetracycline resistance genes, and E. coli isolates (n = 673) were phenotyped to determine multi-drug resistance (MDR) profiles. Tetracycline resistance in feedlot runoff wastewater was 2-to-3 orders of magnitude higher compared to rainfall runoff from the VTS fields, indicating efficacy of the VTA for reducing ARB over time following wastewater application. Clear differences in MDR profiles were observed based on the specific media on which a sample was plated. This result highlights the importance of method, especially in the context of isolate-based surveillance and monitoring of ARB in agricultural wastewaters

On the inverse spectral problem for polygonal domains

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mathematics, 1988.Includes bibliographical references.by Catherine Durso.Ph.D

Pionic Content of Rho-N-N and Rho-N-Delta Vertex Functions

The dynamical content of rho-N-N and rho-N-Delta vertex functions is studied with a mesonic model. A set of coupled integral equations satisfied by these vertex functions were solved self-consistently. These soulutions indicate that the dominant mesonic content arises from di-pion dynamics. With the experimentally determined pion-baryon-baryon coupling constants and ranges as input, the model predicts a g_{\rho NN} that agrees with the meson-exchange-potential results. On the other hand, it predicts a smaller f_{\rho N\Delta} and much softer form factors. Implications of the findings on the use of phenomenological coupling constants in nuclear reaction studies are discussed.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures will be furnished upon request; LA-UR-94-126

Use of faeces as an alternative inoculum to caecal content to study in vitro feed digestibility in domesticated ostriches (Struthio camelus var. domesticus)

In order to find an alternative source of inoculum to caecal content for studying the in vitro feed digestibility in domesticated ostriches (Struthio camelus var. domesticus), caecal content and faeces of 4 male birds were used as inocula for an in vitro gas production trial. 2. About 1 g of each of 5 substrates (maize silage, CS; alfalfa hay, AH; barley, BG; soybean meal, SM; beet pulp, BP) was weighed, in quadruplicate per inoculum, in 120 ml flasks; 75 ml of anaerobic medium and 4ml of reducing solution were added and flasks were kept at 39C. Caecal content and faeces were diluted respectively 1 : 2 (CI) and 1 : 4 (FI) with an anaerobic medium and were injected into the respective flasks (10 ml). 3. Gas production was recorded 22 times up to 120 h of incubation and fermentation characteristics (for instance, degraded organic matter, OMd; potential gas production, A; maximum fermentation rate, Rmax; time at which it is reached, Tmax; pH; volatile fatty acid, VFA; ammonia) were studied for each inoculum and substrate. 4. CI and FI showed significant differences in Tmax (1637 vs 1847 h, respectively), propionic (1647 vs 1207 mmoles/l) and butyric acid (650 vs 798 mmoles/l) and ammonia concentration (1718 vs 1995 mmoles/l). The substrates, according to their chemical composition, showed different fermentation characteristics. However, the regression equations able to estimate some fermentation characteristics of the caecum from those of faeces were statistically significant and showed R2-values ranging from 087 to 099. 5. The differences in fermentation pathways of the two inocula did not appear to influence the rate and extent of OM digestion. Faecal fermentation predicted rates and extent of OM digestion by caecal fermentation in ostriches; consequently, the faeces could be considered as an alternative to caecal content to study feed digestibility in the species, although there is a need to undertake further research. INTRODUCTION To obtain a useful feed value, it is necessary to determine digestibility specifically for ostriches, where the nutritive value of feeds used for diet formulation is very often erroneously determined using poultry. The ostrich caecum provides a suitable environment for the fermentation of dietary fibre. Feed digestibility of ostriches in vivo has been determine

Situational awareness and safety

This paper considers the applicability of situation awareness concepts to safety in the control of complex systems. Much of the research to date has been conducted in aviation, which has obvious safety implications. It is argued that the concepts could be extended to other safety critical domains. The paper presents three theories of situational awareness: the three-level model, the interactive sub-systems approach, and the perceptual cycle. The difference between these theories is the extent to which they emphasise process or product as indicative of situational awareness. Some data from other studies are discussed to consider the negative effects of losing situational awareness, as this has serious safety implications. Finally, the application of situational awareness to system design, and training are presented

The Two-Pion Exchange NN-Potential in Nuclear Matter and Nuclear Stability

A meson exchange model of the $\pi\pi$ interaction which fits free $\pi\pi$ scattering data is used to calculate the interactions of pions in nuclear matter as a function of nuclear density. Polarization of the nuclear medium by the pions results in a marked increase in the s-wave $\pi\pi$ attraction at low energy. The influence of this effect on the nucleon-nucleon interaction is a corresponding increase with density of the $NN$ central potential due to the exchange of two correlated pions, resulting in an $NN$ interaction which fails to saturate. A possible mechanism for restoring the theoretical stability of nuclear matter is explored and found to be effective

Conhecimentos em Fluxo: um estudo sobre a presença de estudantes colombianos em universidade públicas brasileiras pelo processo de internacionalização da educação superior

O CONGRESSO DE INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR – CIES 2019 é um evento in- ternacional, que reúne professores, pesquisadores e estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação para divulgar a produção científica no campo da Internacionalização do Ensino Superior e fortalecer a cooperação internacional entre diferentes instituições de ensino e grupos de pesquisa no âmbito do MERCOSUL. A iniciativa é fruto de uma parceria entre pesquisadores da Universidade Federal da Integra- ção Latino-Americana (UNILA - Brasil), a Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL - Argentina), a Uni- versidad Nacional de Asunción (UNA - Paraguay) e a Universidad de la República (UDeLaR - Uru- guay), que atuam em projetos vinculados ao Setor Educacional do MERCOSUL, no Núcleo de Estudos e Investigações em Educação Superior. O evento será realizado nos dias 4, 5 e 6 de Setembro de 2019 no campus PTI da UNILA, dentro do Parque Tecnológico da Usina Hidrelétrica de Itaipu, na cidade de Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brasil. A UNILA, sede do evento, é uma universidade temática criada em 2010 pelo governo federal do Brasil com a missão institucional de formar recursos humanos aptos a contribuir com a integra- ção latino-americana, com o desenvolvimento regional e com o intercâmbio cultural, científico e educacional da América Latina, especialmente no MERCOSUL. Sua finalidade, portanto, é conver- ter-se em um espaço de encontros, de trocas e de aprendizagem mútua, que reforçam o compro- misso em prol da pertinência, da excelência e da construção sustentável de um mundo melhor.A mobilidade internacional de estudantes é um dos aspectos relevantes que caracteriza as sociedades modernas, principalmente com fenômeno da globalização. Os estudos de mobilidade territorial não se limitam apenas em conhecer e analisar os movimentos no interior do país, como também resulta numa busca importante sobre o conhecimento deste tipo de mobilidade que transcende as fronteiras. Neste sentido, podemos perceber que uma certa mudança vem ocorrendo com a chegada de estudantes internacionais nas universidades brasileiras. Este aumento se deve sobretudo por um processo denominado de Internacionalização da Educação Superior. Jane Knight (2005), uma das principais especialistas no assunto, mostra que a definição do conceito geral da internacionalização da educação superior é estabelecida como um processo de integração do contexto internacional de investigação, de ensino e nas atribuições e serviços prestados pelas instituições de ensino superior. No entanto, este conceito envolve muitos outros fatores sociais, como por exemplo a interculturalidade e as políticas de integração para o fortalecimento da mobilidade estudantil e demais temas que serão discutidos ao longo do trabalho. O questionamento central que move este estudo é procurar entender e discutir quais são os principais eixos e o porquê deste movimento/fluxo de estudantes colombianos para algumas universidades brasileiras pelo processo de internacionalização da educação superior. Resultados preliminares desta pesquisa mostram que tais eixos podem variar desde o contexto da educação superior tanto do país de saída, no caso a Colômbia, até o país de chegada, no caso o Brasil. E paralelamente eixos relacionados a migração laboral e acadêmica que indicam, a priori, fatores relacionados a questões econômicas.Núcleo de Estudios e Investigaciones en Educación Superior del Mercosur - NUCLEO Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Educação na América Latina – EducAL/UNILA Instituto Mercosul de Estudos Avançados – IMEA/UNILA Pró-Reitoria de Relações Institucionais e Internacionais – PROINT/UNIL