Active inclusion of immigrants in Poland

Poland has traditionally been treated as an emigration country. Since recently Poland has been changing into an emigration-immigration country. The latter, namely immigration, was boosted by the European Union membership and by stable and strong growth of the country. In the last years, immigrants have started to play an important role in the Polish labour market, which creates an additional challenge for the institutional structure. At the same time the institutional framework for receiving immigrants, especially integration policy, has not been fully developed yet. It is addressed only to refugees and is provided mostly by NGOs who run various integration programmes (most often focused on providing language courses). Public expenditure on integration policies has recently increased. However, data on immigrants, integration in immigration policy and also its analysis are still scarce. In this paper we try to present and discuss the available information on immigration to Poland and instruments of integration policy in the context of the existing institutional framework. We propose also recommendations for the pre-integration and integration policy in Poland. The goal of the paper is modest since it is hardly possible to apply more sophisticated methods given the limited availability of information

Costs and Benefits of Labor Mobility between the EU and the Eastern Partnership Countries: The Case of Poland

Poland is a country being exposed to emigration and immigration flows relatively recently. That, among others, results in not fully developed yet institutional infrastructure for managing especially the immigrants flow. In this paper we structure all existing data and other pieces of information on immigrants coming to Poland from the EU Eastern Partnership Countries (EAPs). The vast majority of all types of immigrants from these countries actually originate in Ukraine. On the other hand also a vast majority of them come to Mazowieckie (Warsaw) Voivodeship. The study also confirms Poland is often not a destination country for immigrants. Many of them flow further to the old member states due to the same driver, namely income disparities existing both between EAPs and Poland as well as between Poland and the EU old member states. Nevertheless, the study shows moderate positive impact of immigration fitting demand mostly in agriculture, construction and household services. We analyse an impact of immigration on the domestic labour market in Poland. The immigrants fill gaps existing due to relatively strong and sustained growth contributing to Poland's welfare growth and also due to large scale emigration from Poland to EU old member states. Regulations applying to the immigrants coming to Poland adopted in 2007-2008 are still in force today. They create institutional infrastructure contributing to increasing scale of employment immigration to Poland. There is no sign the regulations will be substantially changed in the future. We rather expect a step by step development of the currently applied immigration policy

Routine and recommended vaccinations for travellers

Travel risks should not be neglected. Health hazard is unprofitable. Adequately planned, individually adjusted prophylaxis makes travel not only pleasant, but safe as well. It is worth to emphasize that fever in person coming back from the tropics requires quick exclusion (or confirmation) of malaria

O doskonałości naukowej i uniwersytetach badawczych w związku z Ustawą 2.0

Since mid-2016 a debate has been going on about the necessary changes in the system of science and higher education in Poland. One of its elements is the discussion on how to improve the level of scientific excellence, recognition of Polish science worldwide and its internationalization. The paper puts forward proposals for several solutions helping to attain those goals. This concerns in particular an increase in the number of prestigious international grants redeemed at Polish universities, particularly those awarded by ERC. The paper also proposes criteria for selection of the universities that might obtain additional financing for transformation into research intensive universities. They would be based on demonstration of the path of the changes to be carried out, which require additional financing. The main aim of the paper is to propose specific solutions that might be applied in a new legislation regulating the issues of science and higher education.Od połowy 2016 r. w Polsce trwa debata na temat koniecznych zmian w systemie nauki i szkolnictwa wyższego. Jej elementem jest dyskusja nad tym, jak zwiększyć poziom doskonałości naukowej, rozpoznawanie polskiej nauki na świecie oraz jej umiędzynarodowienie. W tekście zaproponowano kilka rozwiązań pozwalających osiągnąć te cele. Chodzi w szczególności o zwiększenie liczby prestiżowych grantów międzynarodowych realizowanych na polskich uczelniach, w tym tych przyznawanych przez Europejską Agencję ds. Badań. Zaproponowano także kryteria wyboru uczelni, które mogłyby uzyskać dodatkowe finansowanie na przekształcenie się w uniwersytety badawcze. Byłyby one oparte na pokazaniu ścieżki zmian, jakie mogą zostać przeprowadzone, ale wymagają dodatkowego finansowania. Głównym celem tekstu jest zaproponowanie konkretnych rozwiązań, jakie mogłyby zostać zastosowane w nowej legislacji regulującej kwestie nauki i szkolnictwa wyższego

Arbeitsmarkt und Arbeitsmarktpolitik in Polen

Die weltweite Finanzkrise, die 2007 begonnen hat, wirkte sich bald auf die Arbeitsmarktsituation der einzelnen Staaten aus und legte die Schwächen der von ihnen jeweils betriebenen Arbeitsmarktpolitik bloß. In den Jahren 2008-2011 kam es in praktisch allen hochentwickelten Staaten der Welt zu einem Anstieg der Arbeitslosigkeit sowie zu einem Rückgang der Zahl der Arbeitsplätze. Erstmals seit längerer Zeit war die Zahl der neu geschaffenen Arbeitsplätze wesentlich niedriger als die der abgebauten. Besonders stark waren zwei soziale Gruppen von der Arbeitslosigkeit betroffen, Jugendliche und ältere Menschen. Sie vor allem sind die Leidtragenden der gegenwärtigen Wirtschaftsentwicklung

Mapping the meaning of "difference' in Europe: A social topography of prejudice

This paper draws on original empirical research to investigate popular understandings of prejudice in two national contexts: Poland and the United Kingdom. The paper demonstrates how common-sense meanings of prejudice are inflected by the specific histories and geographies of each place: framed in terms of ‘distance’ (Poland) and ‘proximity’ (United Kingdom), respectively. Yet, by treating these national contexts as nodes and linking them analytically the paper also exposes a connectedness in these definitions which brings into relief the common processes that produce prejudice. The paper then explores how inter-linkages between the United Kingdom and Poland within the wider context of the European Union are producing – and circulating through the emerging international currency of ‘political correctness’ – a common critique of equality legislation and a belief that popular concerns about the way national contexts are perceived to be changing as a consequence of super mobility and super diversity are being silenced. This raises a real risk that in the context of European austerity and associated levels of socioeconomic insecurity, negative attitudes and conservative values may begin to be represented as popular normative standards which transcend national contexts to justify harsher political responses towards minorities. As such, the paper concludes by making a case for prejudice reduction strategies to receive much greater priority in both national and European contexts

Szczepienia w gastroenterologii - kogo szczepić i przeciwko jakim chorobom?

W przebiegu przewlekłych chorób przewodu pokarmowego oraz ich leczenia (immunosupresja, preparaty biologiczne) dochodzi do zaburzeń odporności komórkowej i humoralnej. Wzrasta narażenie na choroby infekcyjne, wirusowe i bakteryjne, które często przebiegają ciężej niż u zdrowych osób. Ryzyko ciężkich zakażeń można zmniejszyć, stosując szczepienia ochronne. W artykule przedstawiono najczęściej stosowane szczepienia, ich skuteczność oraz niepożądane odczyny poszczepienne. Gastroenterologia Kliniczna 2010, tom 2, nr 3, 103–11

Variability of Carabidae in time and space in open areas

The temporal and spatial variability of carabid fauna was studied on a colliery spoil heap area in Germany and on an area of post-agricultural soil in Poland using pitfall traps. Applying Mean Individual Biomass (MIB) of carabids as an indicator of environmental quality, all plots were assessed as being young stages of succession. Species richness and total carabid abundance fluctuated remarkably among different plots and study years. Total numbers of individuals fluctuated significantly in time, whereas species richness remained strikingly constant. The Jaccard’s index ofspecies similarity was low for the level of individual sampling plots but high for the total catches when comparing different years. Individual species showed asynchronicity of fluctuations in numbers of individuals at the level of individual plots. Based on these results we suggest that the observed patterns can be explained by the ‘spreading of risk’ hypothesis