Review Dampak Wabah Dan Kebijakan Pengendalian Avian Influenza Di Indonesia

Kekhawatiran global tentang terjadinya pandemi Avian Influenza (AI) telah menempatkan Asia, termasuk Asia Tenggara sebagai wilayah yang harus dicermati. Berbagai upaya pengendaliannya telah banyak dilakukan oleh pemerintah Indonesia, melalui koordinasi Komite Nasional Flu Burung dan Kesiapsiagaan Menghadapi Pandemi Influenza (Komnas FBPI). Berbagai dampak muncul dari upaya pengendalian virus AI, seperti menurunnya jumlah peternak, menurunnya skala USAha dan menurunnya pendapatan dari memelihara unggas. Minimnya kesadaran masyarakat dan terbatasnya lahan realokasi merupakan kendala program pengandangan ayam buras. Dampak wabah AI juga mempengaruhi penurunan suplai, impor dan ekspor DOC baik untuk broiler maupun layer, serta harga input otput USAha Perunggasan. Sebaliknya wabah AI justru meningkatkan penjualan obat-obatan dan feed supplements yang meningkat sampai 80 persen pada tahun 2004. Usaha ayam petelur ternyata paling menderita dan lebih rentan terhadap wabah AI dibanding ayam broiler. Pemulihan USAha peternakan skala kecil pasca wabah AI merupakan keharusan karena mampu menyediakan lapangan kerja dan menekan urbanisasi. Komnas FBPI, memperkirakan besarnya kerugian di Indonesia akibat wabah AI dari 2004 – 2008 sebesar Rp. 4,3 triliun, di luar kerugian dari hilangnya kesempatan kerja dan berkurangnya konsumsi protein masyarakat. FAO memperkirakan adanya mutasi virus AI di Indonesia yang kemungkinan menyebabkan pandemi. Saat ini telah ditemukan strain baru H5N1 yang kebal terhadap vaksin yang tersedia. Berbagai peraturan yang telah dikeluarkan, baik di tingkat pusat maupun daerah tidak menjadi jaminan dalam mengendalikan virus AI. Indonesia memerlukan SDM yang andal, alokasi dana cukup dan komitmen politik yang kuat, di samping adanya koordinasi yang prima

Integrasi Gender dalam Penguatan Ekonomi Masyarakat Pesisir

To implement gender mainstreaming activity in relation to regional development,mainly for coastal development, a study on gender mainstreaming had been carried intwo districts, namely Buton in Southeast Sulawesi and Cirebon in West Java out fromJune to December 2003. Data and information were collected using Focused GroupDiscussion approach as well as village level profiles and monograph. Gender analysisusing Harvard Framework was implemented, covering profiles of participation, access,control and influencing factors. The study results showed that in Buton, labor divisionbetween man and woman in sea weed farming was relatively balanced. Participation rateof the household members, both in domestic, public and social sector in both studiedlocations was relatively similar. The role of Women Empowerment Division of TheAgency for Society Empowerment (ASE) in Cirebon has not been optimal and stilllearning to find out suitable activities to meet its mandates. In Buton District, there was acoordination problem in implementing gender mainstreaming program, because therewere two institutions both claimed responsible in implementing gender mainstreamingprogram. One important thing that has never been conducted in the two districts was tocreate collaboration among institutions responsible for the gender mainstreamingimplementation. In the future, The District Level Marine and Fishery Service Officeshould work in collaboration with the ASE and they have to discuss how to incorporategender aspects in coastal development including in Economic Empowerment for CoastalCommunity

Evaluasi Kegiatan Sosialisasi dan Pelembagaan Analisis Sosial Ekonomi dan Gender (Saga) dalam Litkaji Lingkup Litbang Pertanian

Evaluation on SAGA activity in Research and Assessment within the IAARD.Relatively low technology adoption level by end users had triggered application ofparticipatory approach, user oriented technology and more pay attention to user's socialaspects. Socio-economic And Gender Analysis (SAGA) Core Team (SCT) establishment wasthe initiation of Socialization and Institutionalization program within the Indonesian Agencyfor Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD). The main objective of the program isto establish SAGA capacity of the researchers and extension workers within the IAARD. Thedata were gained from eight Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT) byapplying structured and semi-structured interviews and Focused Group Discussion (FGD).Respondents for the study were alumnae of the SAGA training workshop. The cascadetraining workshops were held within the period of 2000 - 2002, beginning from Training ofMaster Trainers (TOM), Training of Trainers (TOT) and Training of Staff (TOS). Number ofthe TOM, TOT and TOS were 18; 124; and 416 persons respectively. From the quantityaspect, the number seemed to be promising but not from the quality aspect. The cascadetraining has not given yet expected result. Each alumna was expected to be SAGA focalpoints and could establish networking within the region. The main cause was that not allalumnae could disseminate the SAGA approach in each working unit. Less optimal output ofthe TOM alumnae caused a bumpy regional networking establishment. This reflected thatTOM's alumnae dependency level to the SCT was quite high. It also affected outputs of TOTand TOS. In addition, less understanding on SAGA materials of the respective facilitators ineach workshop ended in less understanding of the workshop participants. Various reportedresults of monitoring and evaluation (Monev) activities showed that the institutionalization ofSAGA approach was less optimal and it was reflected by low Monev grade of each observedAIATs

Aspek Sosial Budaya dalam Penyelenggaraan Penyuluhan: Kasus Petani di Lahan Marjinal

This article focuses on explanation about socio-cultural aspects on the implementation of agricultural extension on farmers living on marginal lands. The paper was based on the research conducted on two population of farmers, in Bogor and Pontianak. Survey methods was used to collect data from 140 farmers' respondents. Results research showed that farmers in marginal lands ran their business in small scale, the ownership of the lands was less than 0.5 hectares, farmers living condition were in low level soscio-economic condition. There were significant correlation between the dyamic of socio cultural condition, strength agricultural policy, extension workers competency, farmers business with the farmers competency in managing the lands for agricultural business. To promote better condition of farmers in marginal lands, agricultural extension institution should be strengthened and extension workers capacity needed to develop to facilitate the change in terms of increasing the productivity lands to improve farmers welfare and conserving the environment as well