Anti-inflammatory agents and monoHER protect against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and accumulation of CML in mice

Cardiac damage is the major limiting factor for the clinical use of doxorubicin (DOX). Preclinical studies indicate that inflammatory effects may be involved in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Nɛ-(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML) is suggested to be generated subsequent to oxidative stress, including inflammation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether CML increased in the heart after DOX and whether anti-inflammatory agents reduced this effect in addition to their possible protection on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. These effects were compared with those of the potential cardioprotector 7-monohydroxyethylrutoside (monoHER)

Effects of Maximal Anaerobic Exercise on Neutrophil Oxidants/Antioxidants in among the Sportsmen Trained at Various Levels

The influence of very high intensity exercise on antioxidant capacity and oxidative burst activity of neutrophils in sportsmen with various levels of training status were examined. Blood samples from sportsmen with high (n=12, 5 hours training program for a week), moderate (n=9, 2-5 hours training program for a week), and low physical activity (n=11, less than 2 hours training program for a week) were collected to determine superoxide anion production, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity and TBARS in neutrophils before and after an “anaerobic loading coordination test”. The pre-exercise values of SOD activity were significantly higher in high and moderate physical activity groups in comparison with the low physical activity group (p [Med-Science 2012; 1(2.000): 77-89

Melatonin improves methanol intoxication-induced oxidative liver injury in rats

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of melatonin on methanol-induced liver injury. We evaluated the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonylation (PC), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and to assess lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, neutrophil accumulation and nitrite which is a stable end product of nitric oxide respectively. We also studied superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities of liver tissue to evaluate the changes in the antioxidant status. Histopathological alterations were also determined. The experiment was performed on Wistar rats, which received intragastric 3 g/kg methanol as a 50% solution in isotonic saline once. After 6 and 24 hr all the drug received and intoxicated rats were killed under anesthesia. Pretreatment with melatonin (10 mg/kg) decreased the MDA levels significantly, restored the PC levels to the control, prevented the increase of nitrite level and MPO activity significantly and reversed to the control levels, prevented the reduction in all of the antioxidant enzyme activities. Additionally in melatonin treated group piecemeal necrosis, lobular lytic necrosis, and portal inflammation returned to normal histologic appearances when compared with methanol administration. In conclusion, melatonin has protective effects against methanol-induced hepatic injury. © 2007 The Authors

Effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and alpha-tocopherol on reperfusion injury in rat brain

Oxygen-derived free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral injury after ischaemia-reperfusion. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis extract, exhibits antioxidant properties. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of ischaemia and subsequent reperfusion on rat brain and to investigate the effects of two free radical scavengers, CAPE and alpha-tocopherol, on this in vivo model of cerebral injury. Ischaemia was induced by bilateral occlusion of the carotid arteries for 20 min and reperfusion was achieved by releasing the occlusion to restore the circulation for 20 min. Control rats underwent a sham operation. CAPE at 10 mumol kg(-1) or alpha-tocopherol at 25 mumol kg(-1) was administered intraperitoneally before reperfusion. Reperfusion led to significant increase in the activity of xanthine oxidase and higher malondialdehyde levels in the brain. Acute administration of both CAPE and alpha-tocopherol suppressed ischaemia-reperfusion-induced cerebral lipid peroxidation and injury, but CAPE seems to offer a better therapeutic advantage over alpha-tocopherol. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd

The effects of sildenafil and tadalafil on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat ovarian torsion model

Objective: In cases of ovarian torsion (OT), reperfusion injury may further damage ovarian tissue. Tadalafil and sildenafil are phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors that are primarily used for treatment of erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. In this study, the authors investigated the effects of these agents in preventing ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat OT model. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 young adult female Wistar Albino rats were randomized into six groups (n=8 in each group); group 1: control sham operated, group 2: sildenafil one mg/kg, group 3: tadalafil one mg/kg, group 4: sildenafil one mg/kg + ischemia/reperfusion, (I/R) two hours of ischemia and two hours of reperfusion and a single dose of oral one mg/kg sildenafil one hour before I/R, group 5: I/R, and group 6: tadalafil one mg/kg + YR two hours of ischemia and two hours of reperfusion and a single dose of oral one mg/kg tadalafil one hour before I/R. Histopathologic evaluation was performed and scored according to the degree of congestion, edema, and hemorrhage. Total histological score (THS), tissue protein carbonyl (PC), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and catalase (CAT) activity were also calculated. Results: Group 4, group 5, and group 6 had similar congestion, edema and THS (p > 0.05). Group 6 had significantly lower hemorrhage score, when compared with group 5 (p = 0.03). Mean PC, MDA levels, and CAT were similar between groups 4, 5, and 6 (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Tadalafil was associated with a decreased tissue hemorrhage score in I/R injury in rat ovarian torsion model